The document outlines the essential beliefs and practices of Christianity and Islam, detailing their founders, sacred texts, core doctrines, and major sects. Key concepts include Christianity's belief in the Holy Trinity, the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, and the various branches of Christianity, while Islam is centered around the teachings of Prophet Muhammad, the Qur'an, and the Five Pillars. Additionally, it addresses contemporary issues faced by both religions, including ecumenism and gender inequality.

1. 4 PICS
1 WORD

6. Content Standards:
a. Founder: Jesus Christ (c. 7 BC30 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Bible (Old Testament and New
Testament)
c. Doctrines: Trinity, Virgin Birth, Deity of
Christ, Resurrection, Last Judgment
d: God: Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit)
e. Sects: Roman Catholic, Greek/Eastern
Orthodox, Protestantism, etc.
f. Issues: Ecumenism, Sexuality issues (e.g.,
contraception, homosexuality, ordination of
women)

7. Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook
to write your answers. Read and analyze each sentence.
Write T if the statement is TRUE and write F if the
statement is FALSE.

8. _________1. Christianity is a monotheistic religion.
_________2. Old Testament is composed of 27 books written around 50 to 100 C.E.
and is composed of two sections: The Gospels which tell
the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John);
and the letters (or Epistles), written by various Christian
leaders to serve as guide to the early Christian
communities.
_________3. Jesus Christ was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
_________4. Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, which means that God is
composed of three persons: God the Father, the
Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
_________5. The core teaching of Christianity is the love of oneself.

9. _________ 6. Monotheism is the belief in one god
who is more powerful
than the rest.
_________ 7. The biblical account of creation is
commonly and naturally
taught
alongside the theory of evolution.
_________ 8. Christianity is the largest of the world’s
religions.
_________ 9. Islam, Judaism and Christianity all
have their roots in the
middle east.
_________ 10. The New Testament focuses on the life
of Jesus and the spread
of early
Christianity.

10. In the previous module, you have
been introduced to the elements of Judaism such
as its core teachings, principal beliefs, practices
and selected issues. Prior to taking up the new
lesson in this module, let us first review your
learning by completing the missing information in
the concept map below. Choose your answers
inside the word bank.

13. a. Jesus as the Founder
of Christianity

15. Jesus Christ (c. 4 BC –
c. AD 30 / 33), also
referred to as Jesus of
Nazareth and Jesus
Christ, was a first-
century Jewish
preacher and religious
leader.

16. He is the central figure of
Christianity and is widely described as
the most influential person in history.
Most Christians believe he is the
incarnation of God the Son and the
awaited Messiah (Christ) prophesied in
the Old Testament.

17. Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was
baptized by John the Baptist and
began his ministry. He preached
orally and was often referred to as
"rabbi".

18. rabbi, (Hebrew: “my teacher” or
“my master”) in Judaism, a
person qualified by academic
studies of the Hebrew Bible and
the Talmud to act as spiritual
leader and religious teacher of a
Jewish community or
congregation.

19. He also taught about the new covenant that
God will bring to humanity: that of sending
His begotten son to save humanity from their
sins and restore the people’s relationship
with Him.

20. Jesus preached that he was sent
by God to fulfill this goal by dying
on the cross, then resurrecting to
life after three days to prove that
God’s plan had succeeded.

21. Jesus was seen by his followers to be the
Messiah they were waiting for. He was
arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities,
turned over to the Roman government, and
crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the
Roman prefect.

22. b. Sacred texts: Bible (Old
Testament and New
Testament)

23. Old
Testament

24. also called the Hebrew Bible
is composed of 39 books which are arranged in three
parts
The first five books (Genesis to Deuteronomy) are
considered “The Law” or Torah which may refer to
guidance or instruction.
Later these books were called the Pentateuch, which
were attributed to Moses.
the second part of the Old Testament is called “The
Prophets” which is divided into two parts, the earlier
prophets and the latter prophets.
The third part is called “The Writings,” which include
Psalms (songs, prayers, and worship liturgies), Proverbs
(wise sayings), Job (a drama that explores the nature of
suffering), and the five scrolls (Megiloth)

25. New
Testament

26. is composed of 27 books written around 50 to 100
C.E. and is composed of two sections: the Gospels
which tell the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark,
Luke, and John) ; and the letters (or Epistles)
Revelation is the last book of the New Testament,
traditionally attributed to the apostle John, which
is considered an epistle and an apocalypse

30. c. Doctrines: Trinity, Virgin Birth,
Deity of Christ, Resurrection,
Last Judgment, Christian Ethics
and Ten Commandments

31. Beliefs/Doctrines
Holy Trinity
The Virgin Birth of Jesus
Deity of Christ
Resurrection of Jesus
Last Judgement
Christian Ethics

32. Beliefs/Doctrines
beliefs and doctrines that serve as
moral guidelines for its followers. As
much as possible, Christians should
follow these teachings strictly if they
want to redeem God’s promise of
eternal life.

33. Holy Trinity
which means that God is composed of three
persons: God the Father, the Son (Jesus
Christ), and the Holy Spirit. This doctrine of
the Holy Trinity was affirmed at the Council
of Nicea in 25 C.E. where it was agreed upon
that the Son has the same substance with
the Father, therefore they are both eternal.

34. The Virgin Birth of Jesus
is the doctrine that Jesus was
conceived and born by his mother
Mary through the power of the
Holy Spirit and without a human
father.

35. Deity of Christ
Christians believe in one God, therefore
Christianity is a monotheistic religion.
God is seen as the creator and
maintainer of the universe and is
believed to be omnipotent (all powerful),
omniscient (all-knowing), omnipresent
(allpresent), and omnibenevolent (all-
good).

36. Resurrection of Jesus
The resurrection of Jesus, or
anastasis, is the Christian belief that
God raised Jesus on the third day
after his crucifixion at Calvary as first
of the dead, starting his exalted life
as Christ and Lord.

37. Last Judgement
judgment will begin at the house of
God refers to the judgment God
passes today on those who come
before His throne in the last days.

38. Christian Ethics
Love is the core of Christ’s
teachings- love of God, and love
of neighbor. Love for God is
shown by being compassionate.

39. Ten
Commandments

43. d. Sects: Roman
Catholic, Greek/Eastern
Orthodox, Protestantism,
etc.

44. Roman Catholic.
The term “catholic” came from the Greek
kath’bolou, which means “referring to the
whole, “or” related to all, and was used to
denote the universal nature of the church.

45. The Orthodox Church in the
Philippines
In the 1900s, Greek sailors settled in Legazpi city
in the island of Luzon, and established
communities through intermarriage with
Filipinos. These communities were largely
responsible for the establishment of an Orthodox
presence in the Philippines

46. Protestantism
is another major branch of Christianity
that emerged in the Reformation Period
in the 16th century. The Reformation
started in 1517 and was begun by the
theologian and Catholic priest Martin
Luther

47. e. Issues: Ecumenism, Sexuality issues
(e.g., contraception and homosexuality)

48. Ecumenism
the Catholic Church to sponsor activities
and initiatives to promote mutual
understanding and unity among all
Christians.

49. Sexuality
The Catholic Church states that
homosexual orientation itself is not
a sin, it is nevertheless a tendency
towards the "moral evil" of
homosexual sexual activity.

50. Christianity advocates that the
goal of sexual union between
men and women is procreation

51. thus when people use artificial contraceptives,
such as condoms, birth control pills, IUDs
(intrauterine contraceptive devices), and the like,
they are committing a sin because they are
engaging in sexual acts without procreation in
mind. Instead

53. According to the Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and
Distribution of the World’s Christian Population (2011), 10
countries with the largest number of Christians are the
following:

54. The cross is one of the most ancient human
symbols, and has been used by many
religions, most notably Christianity

55. The cross serves as a
symbol of Jesus Christ’s
victory over sins when He
died on the cross for
humanity’s redemption and
salvation.

56. the fish symbol is as old as
Christianity itself, for it was
used by persecuted Christians
as a secret sign when meeting
other Christians.

57. Religious Leaders
The Catholic Church follows a certain hierarchy
based on the Canon Law of the Catholic
Church. At the top of the hierarchy is the pope,
considered as Peter’s successor. The hierarchy
also includes the cardinals, archbishops,
bishops, priests, and deacons. Each member of
the hierarchy has his own function for the
efficiency of the church.

58. Deity/God
Christians believe in one
God, therefore Christianity
is a monotheistic religion

59. Holy Trinity

61. which means that God is composed of three
persons: God the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ),
and the Holy Spirit. This doctrine of the Holy
Trinity was affirmed at the Council of Nicea in 25
C.E. where it was agreed upon that the Son has
the same substance with the Father, therefore
they are both eternal.

62. Seven
Sacraments

63. Baptism
Confirmation
Holy Communion
Confession
Matrimony
Holy Orders, and
Anointing of the Sick.

64. Baptism is meant to remove
the guilt and effects of Original Sin and
welcome the baptized to the Church.

65. Confirmation is meant to
complete Baptism and bring the
baptized the graces of the Holy Spirit
that were given the Apostles on
Pentecost Sunday.

66. Holy Communion entails
the reception of Christ’s body and
blood which helps Christians
grow in the likeness of Jesus
Christ.

67. Confessions
meant to reconcile Christians
with God by confessing their
sins

68. Matrimony comes next,
with the union of a man and a woman for
the purpose of procreation and mutual
support. It also reflects the union of
Jesus Christ with His Church.

69. The Sacrament of Holy
Orders is considered the
continuation of Christ’s
priesthood which He passed on to
His apostles.

70. Anointing of the
Sick known as Extreme Unction or
Last Rites, which is administered to those
who are on the verge of death or are
seriously ill, or about to undergo a serious
operation, for physical and moral strength.

71. Islam

72. Content Standards:
The learner demonstrates understanding of the elements of
Islam:
a. Founder: Prophet Muhammad (570-632 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Qur’an, Hadith
c. Doctrine s: Five Pillars of Islam (Shahadah-declaring
there is no other god but
Allah and Muhammad is His messenger, Salat-ritual
prayer five times a day, Sawm fasting during Ramadan,
Zakat-alms giving to the poor, and Hajj pilgrimage to
Mecca at least once in a lifetime)
d. God: Allah
e. Practitioners: Sunni, Shi’ite, Sufi
f. Issues: Gender Inequality, Militant Islam, Migration

74. a. Prophet Mohammad as
the Founder of Islam

78. Background of Muhammad (570-632 AD)
An orphan from a poor Bedouin tribe, and influence of
Judaism and Monophysite Christianity (that the divine
and the human Jesus were integrated in the same
body) in the Byzantine Empire. With no formal
schooling, Muhammad worked as a caravan worker
travelling across the Arabian Peninsula as a camel
driver.

79. From 610, at 40, Muhammad started
to receive revelations from God, which
he would later recite in front of
audiences. These recitations were
called the Qur'an, or "Recitation,"
and formed the heart of Islam.

80. In 620 Muhammad went to Yathrib.
The city consisted of most Arabic
clans and a minority of Jewish clans.
Through blood-feuds violence in
Yathrib slowly spread to almost every
clan. They were quickly converted to
Muhammad's new religion and the city
was renamed Medina.

81. The Hijrah: Muhammad went back
to Mecca and got over 75 new
followers in 622. They quietly
slipped out of Mecca and went to
Medina.

82. While normally translated
"pilgrimage," Hijra means
something like "severing ties
with your relatives."

83. Mecca was the center of this religion with its
Ka'ba, or "Cube," which served as the temple for
the religion. In 630 Muhammad went back to
Mecca and defeated the wealthy clans there, and
established Mecca as the "capital," so to speak,
of Islam, although Medina and Jerusalem also
remained holy Islamic cities. He also destroyed
all the icons of gods/goddesses.

84. For about twenty-three years,
God revealed these messages
through Muhammad who
initially memorized these lines
because he was illiterate.

85. Zayd ibn Thabit (c.610-c.660 A.D)
secretary of Muhammad who wrote
them on leather scraps, stone
pieces, ribs of palm leaves, shoulder
blades of animals, and parchments
(Parrinder 1971; Hopfe 1983)

86. Zayd became one of the first converts of
Muhammad to the Islam fold. Twenty years
after the death of Muhammad, the Quran
had officially come to the form that was
disseminated throughout the centers of the
Islamic world.

87. Origin of Islam:
According to Secular History The origin of Islam
can be traced back to 7th century Saudi Arabia.
Islam is thus the youngest of the great world
religions. The prophet Muhammad (circa 570-
632 A.D.) introduced Islam in 610 A.D.

88. The Qur'an testifies of itself that it
was given by God through the angel
Gabriel to the prophet Muhammad.

89. The Honest Spirit (Gabriel) came
down with it, to reveal it into your
heart that you may be one of the
warners, in a perfect Arabic
tongue" (Sura 26:192-195).

90. The Origin of Islam:
The "Previous Scriptures" The origin of
Islam is controversial. The "previous
scriptures" mentioned above are the
Hebrew Torah, the Psalms of David, and
the Gospels of Jesus Christ (Sura
4:163; 5:44-48).

91. The problem is that the Qur'an
thoroughly contradicts the
Torah, the Psalms, and the
Gospels.

92. (Sura 4:157-158) the Qur'an
explicitly denies Jesus Christ's
crucifixion while all four Gospel
accounts clearly portray Jesus
Christ as crucified and
resurrected.

93. 1.The term “Islam” means
a. submission
b.peace
c. fortitude
d.thankfulness

94. 2. The chapters that compose
the Quran are known as
a. Surahs
b. Sunnahs
c. Shari’ah
d. Sufis

95. 3. The word jihad means
a. pilgrimage
b. to strive or struggle
c. Fasting
d. prophecy

96. 4. Which of the following is true about
the Sunnah?
a. It is the way of life of the prophet
Muhammad.
b. Muslims can learn about the
Sunnah from the hadith literature.
c. It is the mystical tradition of Islam
d. Both a and b

97. 5. The hadith reports
a. Tell about what Muhammad said and did
b. Were collected by those closest to
Muhammad
c. Were compiled in several authoritative
collections
d. all of the above

98. 6. The hijra is
a. The journey of the early Muslim
community from Mecca to Medina
b. The annual pilgrimage to Mecca
c. The written reports of how
Muhammad lived his life
d. The term for Islamic law

99. 7. The salat is
a. The five daily prayers Muslims are
expected to perform
b. The term for Islamic law
c. The term for a chapter of the Qur’an
d. The term for the Ramadan fast

100. 8. Which of the following is not one of
the Five Pillars of Islam?
a. Fasting during the month of
Ramadan
b. Jihad
c. Declaration of faith
d. Prayer five times daily

101. 9. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims
are required to fast from dawn to dusk,
which means they
a. Abstain from food and drink
b. Abstain from food, drink, and sex
c. Abstain from eating meat
d. Abstain from food, but may consume
liquids

102. 10. When he received the revelation of
the Qur’an, Muhammad
a. Was about 40 years old
b. Was already recognized as a prophet
c. Was married to Aisha
d. Was a teenager

103. God promised Abraham a child through whom He
would fulfill this covenant ("the child of promise,"
Genesis 15). Abraham was at that time childless. His
wife, Sarah, was barren.

105. Abraham called the name of his
son who was born to him-whom
Sarah bore to him Isaac." (Genesis
21:1-3) Isaac was the child of
promise

106. God also promised to give the land of
Canaan (Palestine) to Isaac's descendants,
the land which Israel possesses today
(Genesis 12:4-7; 13:12-18; 15:1-21; 17:1-
22; 21:1-14; 25:19-26; 26:1-6; 35:9-12).
The problem is that the Qur'an teaches that
Ishmael was the child of promise (Sura
19:54; compare Sura 37:83-109 with
Genesis 22:1-19)