This document summarizes a student's research project on how preschool affects children's understanding of gender. The student interviewed parents and children about dress, activities, and friends. The results showed that children who attended preschool were more likely to describe themselves and their friends in gendered ways compared to children who did not attend preschool. However, the sample size was small so conclusions could not be generalized. Overall, the research provided some support that preschool reinforces gender norms, but many factors like home and media also influence children's perceptions of gender.
This research paper analyzes multiple research articles and explains the adverse effects that divorce has on children using internal dynamics of families, child education, and human development theories.
This research paper analyzes multiple research articles and explains the adverse effects that divorce has on children using internal dynamics of families, child education, and human development theories.
Defending your Decision to Homeschool (or as I like to think of it, "What to tell your mother-in-law about homeschooling.") Many families feel attacked by the uninformed when discussing homeschooling. How do you respond to the five most common criticisms? This ebook gives you the answers!
Coparenting Strategies-two types of coparenting: Cooperative and ConflictualDeena Stacer, PhD.
When co-parents fight over custody of their children, they are called Conflictual Co-parents. Parents in conflict need to learn the two types of coparenting definitions and whether they are high conflict co-parents. In this slide presentation Dr. Deena Stacer shares definitions for parents to better understand their conflictual relationship. Dr. Deena Stacer is a parent educator teaching live and online coparenting courses for parents to help stop the conflict over the children. Online courses are located at www.parentsinconflict.com.
A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing. The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child. For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child. Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children. Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices
FoodBoy – це молода команда ентузіастів, що вирішили кардинально змінити усталені стандарти доставки їжі! І це не просто слова, ми довго вивчали ринок і готові запропонувати вам дійсно зручний сервіс , великий вибір закладів, та оперативну/гарячу доставку замовлених страв в любий куточок міста.
Для того щоб зробити замовлення Вам не потрібно годинами висіти на телефоні, достатнього всього пару кліків мишкою і все ще гаряче їде до вас!
В житті вистачає стресів, а бажання поїсти не повинно бути проблемою, з нашим сервісом ви можете їсти те, що подобається будь де, та будь коли!
Ми знаємо як зробити так, щоб Ви залишились задоволеними, адже і самі любимо смачно поїсти!
FoodBoy – Ваш надійний партнер, який не дасть Вам померти з голоду ні в дома, ні на роботі!
Defending your Decision to Homeschool (or as I like to think of it, "What to tell your mother-in-law about homeschooling.") Many families feel attacked by the uninformed when discussing homeschooling. How do you respond to the five most common criticisms? This ebook gives you the answers!
Coparenting Strategies-two types of coparenting: Cooperative and ConflictualDeena Stacer, PhD.
When co-parents fight over custody of their children, they are called Conflictual Co-parents. Parents in conflict need to learn the two types of coparenting definitions and whether they are high conflict co-parents. In this slide presentation Dr. Deena Stacer shares definitions for parents to better understand their conflictual relationship. Dr. Deena Stacer is a parent educator teaching live and online coparenting courses for parents to help stop the conflict over the children. Online courses are located at www.parentsinconflict.com.
A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing. The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child. For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child. Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children. Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices
FoodBoy – це молода команда ентузіастів, що вирішили кардинально змінити усталені стандарти доставки їжі! І це не просто слова, ми довго вивчали ринок і готові запропонувати вам дійсно зручний сервіс , великий вибір закладів, та оперативну/гарячу доставку замовлених страв в любий куточок міста.
Для того щоб зробити замовлення Вам не потрібно годинами висіти на телефоні, достатнього всього пару кліків мишкою і все ще гаряче їде до вас!
В житті вистачає стресів, а бажання поїсти не повинно бути проблемою, з нашим сервісом ви можете їсти те, що подобається будь де, та будь коли!
Ми знаємо як зробити так, щоб Ви залишились задоволеними, адже і самі любимо смачно поїсти!
FoodBoy – Ваш надійний партнер, який не дасть Вам померти з голоду ні в дома, ні на роботі!
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Respond Respond to two classmates’ discussions Summary of .docxwilfredoa1
Respond
Respond to two classmates’ discussions: Summary of a Scholarly Journal Article
You will respond to TWO peers' posts in the discussion area (minimum of 150 words each). These responses are not part of your five required weekly discussions.
Classmate #1: Lisa G Bogetto
Shannon,
I like what you have chosen for your academic Journal article. I believe that body image and eating disorder go hand and hand. I think that the goals of the study will show that it is not only eating disorders that cause people to think about body image. It is also society and the things that we read in magazines as well a television. Self-esteem is a big issue when it comes to how people see themselves and compare to other people.
Why do you think in the study they did not have the same number of males as they did females? They body mass index calculator is sometimes not a good thing to use when determining heathy weight. Everybody has different body structures and builds, which could mean that even though the mass index says there overweight they may not feel like they are.
Under the findings you said that the females were shorter and lighter than the males used in this study. I think the reason for this is the way men are built is different than woman and carry there weight differently. In the study it shows men being overweight, but I believe it is because of their body is structured different than women. Men have more muscle than and muscle weight more than fat. I think that the weight status would be hard to define.
I would say that they are correct that body image makes some people feel negative about themselves and creates feeling of not liking who they are. Nice job on your paper.
Classmate #2: Jessica E Dill
The article,
Correlates of bullying behaviors among a sample of North American Indigenous adolescents
, written by Lisa A. Melander, Kelley J. Sittner Harthorn, and Les B. Whitbeck, details the factors that contribute to bullying, using a sample of North American children from the ages of eleven to fourteen.
The purpose of this study is to learn the components that play a part in whether a child may become a bully, or will be the one who is bullied by others. After the authors did their own research, they did find previous studies on causes for bullying behaviors. These studies found that children from families in which they did not receive enough affection from their parents were more likely to bully others. Similarly, these studies found that if the child had a good, open relationship with their parents, they were less likely to be bullied themselves. Another finding the authors mentioned was that children who had good parents to look up to had a lesser chance of bullying others. The teachers also play a roll in the amount of bullying in the schools. Studies found that if the teachers were more involved with the students and offered encouragement, then the amount of bullying at the s.
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Commitment to Student and Student LearningAdults must be alert.docxclarebernice
Commitment to Student and Student Learning
Adults must be alert to sexed-up images targeted at very young girls ZOSIA BIELSKI Globe and Mail; Published Tuesday, Jun. 09, 2009 4:00AM EDT; Last updated Thursday, Mar. 10, 2011 4:25PM EST
They troll gossip blogs, pore over Miley Cyrus videos and eyeball toy store shelves. They're not preteens, but a crew of early childhood educators on a mission: to show parents and teachers what their five- to 11-year-old charges are ingesting.
The educators from the University of Toronto's Ontario Institute for Studies in Education are meeting with teachers across North America to drive home the message that consumerist culture is sexualizing girls, and early onset puberty is worsening the problem.
The educators want to deepen elementary school teachers' understanding of media. They will present their research, entitled the Pink Project, at a U.S. National Association for the Education of Young Children gathering in Charlotte, N.C., next week.
Early childhood education specialist Kimberly Bezaire spoke to The Globe and Mail.
Why are you looking at girls aged 5 to 11 specifically?
There's so much research on teens and that three- to five-year-old range, but so little from 5 to 11. Biology and branding are really changing the ways these girls are growing up today.
What do you mean by biology changing?
Accelerated puberty - early onset puberty. It's commonplace now for a certain percentage of girls to be having their period when they're 8. We still haven't gotten a clear answer on that one. Body mass index is one of the speculations, and also environmental conditions. Then it's coupled with acceleration in social maturity and high achievement pressures. Girls excel but it's a double-edged sword: Along with that comes an obsessive perfectionism.
You look at digital characters. What do you mean by that?
Miley Cyrus, the G-rated [actress] on Nickelodeon who seems so wholesome - she doesn't stand alone: There's Hannah Montana, clothing, products, YouTube videos, her Vanity Fair photo, her fashion photos in all the tabloid magazines, and there's 24/7 access to those things. [Colleague] Shelley Murphy wanted to be Laurie Partridge when she was growing up. The most personal information she could learn was her star's height, weight and favourite toothpaste. Now, the girls mine and know every single little detail - who [Ms. Cyrus] is dating, what she wants to wear and buy, who she's posed in her underwear for, what picture she took in the shower to send to which boy and that she wants to have breasts like Katy Perry. We found from our interviews with parents that they often aren't aware of the extent of information their girls know and make sense of.
And how do they make sense of it?
That's the complicated question. Making a YouTube video of yourself in a push-up bra and a tank top when you're 10 years old and having adult men subscribe to your [channel] - that's what we're seeing. They're looking at media ...
1. Preschool’s affect on Gender By: Chantel Jordan Sociology 235 Professor Dixon 17 August 2010
2. Why this Matters to me…. I have 4 kids that range in age from 9-3 years old. I always thought that gender had more to do with biology. I had come across an article about “hidden curriculum” in preschools that genders children in another class and it piqued my curiosity.
3. Backgroundmichael Kimmel “the gendered society” “Gender is not simply a system of classification, by which biological males and biological females are sorted, separated, and socialized into equivalent sex roles. Gender also expresses the universal inequality between women and men. When we speak about gender we also speak about hierarchy, power, and inequality, not simply difference.” But what causes these inequalities?
4. Karin a. martin “becoming a gendered body: practices of preschools” Martin believes that adult bodies are not naturally gendered, but rather that they are taught to be this way through hidden curriculums in preschool classrooms. She says that hidden curriculums are “covert lessons that schools teach, and they often a means of social control.” Examples of such things would include things like raising your hand to speak, sitting in a circle with your hands folded in your lap, and using your indoor voice.
5. Martin suggests that before preschool children have the same bodily functions and that the hidden curriculum turns them into “boys and girls, children whose bodily functions are different.” Martin also acknowledges that often times these behaviors start with the families at home and that preschool just “further facilitates and encourages the construction of bodily differences between the genders and makes these differences appear and feel natural.” Does anyone agree?
6. Diana m. grace, barbara j. david, and michelle k. ryan“Investigating preschoolers’ categorical thinking about gender through imitation, attention, and the use of self categories” These authors hit on another area that I think is important, the media, saying that “Boys and girls receive different treatment both at home and at school, and this occurs against a backdrop of media portrayals further differentiating between the roles and status of men and women.” Another important aspect of this study is that they found that children themselves play a role in gendering themselves…
7. They said this is apparent because at around three years of age children show an obvious preference for playing with peers of the same sex. The children also showed an equal desire not to play with peers of the opposite sex. Such behaviors “increase when adults are not present and they appear resistant to attempts to change.” More interestingly this study recognized that such behaviors “tend to occur in group settings.” It’s as if they already know that society feels there is a difference between the sexes.
8. So…what have I learned? Preschool’s hidden curriculum that is used as a means of social control also happens to gender children and aid in turning them into boys and girls, or better yet gentlemen and little ladies. Gendering usually starts in the home and is just furthered by preschool. What children have seen or heard about gender through home, preschool, and various forms of media teaches them gender inequality that they begin to display around age three. These actions are present without the influence of adults and increase in group settings.
9. Hypothesis: Children’s dress, which is constituted by the family, affects the child’s gender the most but that it will be furthered amplified if the child attends preschool. In other words, parents whose children attend preschool with gender their child’s dress more than those parents whose children do not attend preschool.
10. How will I show this? I decided that the best way for me to accomplish this was to observe children and then ask their parents a few questions about their child’s dress and then also ask the kids some questions about what they were wearing. I interviewed a total of 12 parents and children. 6 of which attended some sort of preschool or daycare and 6 of which did not.
11. The interview questions… 1.Does your child’s dress today reflect what they would typically wear? 2.Who picks our what clothes your child wears the majority of the time? 3.What criteria do you use when you buy clothes for your child? 4.Can you tell me a little about the clothes you are wearing today? 5.What are your favorite clothes to wear? 6.What is your favorite game to play? 7.Who is your best friend? For the parents For the children
13. Conclusion: It was shown that the children who go to school dress more for gender than those who did not. I interviewed these children when they were not at school and 3/6 parents said that what their child was wearing was not typical of a normal day. Though, there was only a slight difference and I’m sure that I did not interview enough children for this information to be generalized. More parents of school children picked out their child’s clothes for them due to time constraints, not because they want them to look one way or another, that just seems to be a secondary affect.
14. Some of the reasons listed as criteria for buying clothes were the price (if it was a good deal or not), or if it displayed a character that their child liked. Another factor here was that a lot of the children receive hand me downs. However, all of the parents said that they shopped in the appropriate section for their child’s gender. Most of the parents of boys mentioned that they bought clothes for their son that resembled something that their father would wear. Two parents from each category mentioned that they bought their child at least one item because it was girly.
15. And what did the kids have to say? 4 of the school children described what they were wearing to me using the word boy or girl compared with 2 of the non school children All of the children mentioned Halloween type clothes as their favorite outfits. Including popular characters, firefighter, and ballerina. None of their responses had anything to do with what they were wearing at the time or what their parents said they normally wore.Their responses showed a lot of creativity but also a lot of stereotypical gendering.
16. When I asked the school children what their favorite game was all 6 of them described some sort of gendered activity such as dress up, house, army, or trucks. While on the other hand the non school children all said something that appeared not to be gendered like playing on the playground or hide and seek. I think this may have had something to do with where I interviewed them at as they seemed to be picking things that they were doing then. However, I also think these answers reflect things the children do on a regular basis.
17. 4 of the school children identified their best friend as being the same sex where only two of the non school children did. However, this seemed to have something to do with if that child had siblings or not. Over half the children named a sibling as their best friend. And one child said their mom was their best friend.
18. As you can see it is hard to say without further study what influences a child’s gender perception more, home and family life or school and peers. Though I think that it is whatever the child spends more time doing. Overall I would say that the data I collected supports my hypothesis that children who attend preschool are ore typically gendered than those whose do not but I would not say that it overwhelmingly supports it. I would also say that this data supports my claim that children gendered themselves. This showed in their choice of clothes, activities, and friends. However, I think that gendering may be the secondary affect of a lot of actions, or rather that it is unintentional in most cases.
19. References Grace, D., David, B., & Ryan, M. (2008). Investigating preschoolers’ categorical thinking about gender through imitation, attention, and the use of self-categories. Child Development, 79(6), 1928-1941. Doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01234.x. Kimmel, M. (2010). The gendered society (Fourth ed. ). New York: Oxford University Press. Martin, Karin A. "Becoming a gendered body: Practices of preschools. " American Sociological Review 63.4 (1998): 494-511. Platinum Periodicals, ProQuest. Web. 22 Jul. 2010.