This document discusses the importance and benefits of preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) for athletes in Malawi. It notes that while PPE is commonly practiced worldwide to reduce injury and sudden death, Malawi currently does not implement PPE. However, it presents an opportunity for Malawi to do so using the available resources and trained professionals in the country, such as physiotherapists. Implementing regular PPE could help identify health conditions in athletes and allow for early intervention, improving athlete safety and performance. The document recommends Malawi formulate policies to require PPE for sports participation.
Olympic Movement medical Code, English version.
SEMINARIO INTERNACIONAL DI MEDICINA DI DEPORTEHOLIDAY INN SUNSPREE ARUBA BEACH RESORT18 & 19 NOVEMBER 2011
An initial pre-participation exam prior to the start of athletic practice is important to identify athletes at risk of injury and ensure insurance coverage. The exam should include a medical history, physical exam, orthopedic screening, and wellness screening. The most common conditions detected that lead to disqualification are cardiac abnormalities and musculoskeletal issues. A thorough medical history is the most important part of the exam to identify past and current medical conditions. The physical exam should assess various body systems and measurements. Certain injuries and illnesses may warrant limiting an athlete's participation depending on the sport.
- Over 320,000 individuals experience cardiac arrest outside of hospitals each year, with only a 10.6% survival rate without immediate medical care such as CPR.
- CPR and the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are effective life-saving interventions for cardiac arrest victims.
- While 29 states require CPR education for high school students, Massachusetts and 18 other states do not, meaning many people are not trained in these techniques. The proposed policy would require CPR and AED training for all Massachusetts secondary school students.
Prevention of stroke in patients with tiaSachin Shende
This document provides guidelines from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association for the prevention of future stroke in patients who have experienced an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Some key points:
- Over 690,000 adults in the US experience an ischemic stroke each year, and an additional 240,000 will experience a TIA. The risk of future stroke after an initial event is approximately 3-4% annually.
- The aim of the guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations to clinicians for controlling risk factors and preventing recurrent brain ischemia in these high-risk patients.
- Important revisions from the previous guidelines include new sections on sleep apnea and aortic arch atherosclerosis, expanded sections
Circulation 2015-executive summary heart disease and strokeSachin Shende
This document provides a table of contents for the 2015 American Heart Association's annual report on heart disease and stroke statistics. The report includes 27 chapters covering topics like cardiovascular health factors, specific conditions, outcomes, and economic costs. It is a critical resource that brings together the latest national data on cardiovascular diseases and risks. This year's update includes new data on monitoring cardiovascular health in populations, information on the global disease burden, and focus on achieving the AHA's 2020 Impact Goals through behavior and implementation strategies.
This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH can cause rapid neurological deterioration in the first few hours after onset, so early aggressive care is important. The guideline covers prehospital and emergency department management, hemostasis, blood pressure control, surgical treatment, predicting outcomes, rehabilitation, and preventing recurrence. The goal is to establish a framework for goal-directed treatment to improve outcomes for patients with ICH.
The medical staff play an important role in developing an injury prevention program by recording injury data to establish a surveillance program, reviewing training programs between seasons, screening players before each season, and monitoring at-risk players. Their responsibilities include keeping accurate injury records, identifying risks in the training/competition schedule, conducting medical exams on players before each season to ensure health and check for issues like past injuries, and coordinating the overall injury prevention efforts.
Olympic Movement medical Code, English version.
SEMINARIO INTERNACIONAL DI MEDICINA DI DEPORTEHOLIDAY INN SUNSPREE ARUBA BEACH RESORT18 & 19 NOVEMBER 2011
An initial pre-participation exam prior to the start of athletic practice is important to identify athletes at risk of injury and ensure insurance coverage. The exam should include a medical history, physical exam, orthopedic screening, and wellness screening. The most common conditions detected that lead to disqualification are cardiac abnormalities and musculoskeletal issues. A thorough medical history is the most important part of the exam to identify past and current medical conditions. The physical exam should assess various body systems and measurements. Certain injuries and illnesses may warrant limiting an athlete's participation depending on the sport.
- Over 320,000 individuals experience cardiac arrest outside of hospitals each year, with only a 10.6% survival rate without immediate medical care such as CPR.
- CPR and the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are effective life-saving interventions for cardiac arrest victims.
- While 29 states require CPR education for high school students, Massachusetts and 18 other states do not, meaning many people are not trained in these techniques. The proposed policy would require CPR and AED training for all Massachusetts secondary school students.
Prevention of stroke in patients with tiaSachin Shende
This document provides guidelines from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association for the prevention of future stroke in patients who have experienced an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Some key points:
- Over 690,000 adults in the US experience an ischemic stroke each year, and an additional 240,000 will experience a TIA. The risk of future stroke after an initial event is approximately 3-4% annually.
- The aim of the guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations to clinicians for controlling risk factors and preventing recurrent brain ischemia in these high-risk patients.
- Important revisions from the previous guidelines include new sections on sleep apnea and aortic arch atherosclerosis, expanded sections
Circulation 2015-executive summary heart disease and strokeSachin Shende
This document provides a table of contents for the 2015 American Heart Association's annual report on heart disease and stroke statistics. The report includes 27 chapters covering topics like cardiovascular health factors, specific conditions, outcomes, and economic costs. It is a critical resource that brings together the latest national data on cardiovascular diseases and risks. This year's update includes new data on monitoring cardiovascular health in populations, information on the global disease burden, and focus on achieving the AHA's 2020 Impact Goals through behavior and implementation strategies.
This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH can cause rapid neurological deterioration in the first few hours after onset, so early aggressive care is important. The guideline covers prehospital and emergency department management, hemostasis, blood pressure control, surgical treatment, predicting outcomes, rehabilitation, and preventing recurrence. The goal is to establish a framework for goal-directed treatment to improve outcomes for patients with ICH.
The medical staff play an important role in developing an injury prevention program by recording injury data to establish a surveillance program, reviewing training programs between seasons, screening players before each season, and monitoring at-risk players. Their responsibilities include keeping accurate injury records, identifying risks in the training/competition schedule, conducting medical exams on players before each season to ensure health and check for issues like past injuries, and coordinating the overall injury prevention efforts.
Dr. Lawrence J. Lemak is an orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon and civic leader in Birmingham, Alabama. He discusses the history and responsibilities of sports medicine teams, which take a comprehensive approach involving physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists and other personnel. Lemak oversees several sports medicine organizations that provide treatment to athletes, education to medical professionals, and conduct research on injury prevention. He is also involved in community initiatives like S.M.A.R.T. (Sports Medicine Athletic Related Trauma) and the National Center for Sports Safety.
CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediat.docxrichardnorman90310
CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care
Sports Specialization and Intensive
Training in Young Athletes
Joel S. Brenner, MD, MPH, FAAP, COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS
Clinical Report – Reaffirmed With Reference & Data Updates February 2021
This Clinical Report has been reaffirmed with reference and data updates.
New or updated references and datapoints are indicated in bold typeface.
No other changes have been made to the text or content.
Sports specialization is becoming the norm in youth sports for a variety
of reasons. When sports specialization occurs too early, detrimental
effects may occur, both physically and psychologically. If the timing is
correct and sports specialization is performed under the correct
conditions, the athlete may be successful in reaching specific goals.
Young athletes who train intensively, whether specialized or not, can
also be at risk of adverse effects on the mind and body. The purpose of
this clinical report is to assist pediatricians in counseling their young
athlete patients and their parents regarding sports specialization and
intensive training. This report supports the American Academy of
Pediatrics clinical report “Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout
in Child and Adolescent Athletes.”
INTRODUCTION
Youth sports culture has changed dramatically over the past 40 years.1
It is less common today to see a group of young children congregate
in a neighborhood to play a “pick-up” game without any adult
influence. The norm has become for children and adolescents to
participate in organized sports driven by coaches and parents, often
with different goals for the game than its young participants. It is also
less common now to have a multisport athlete in middle or high
school, because the norm has become for young athletes to specialize
in a single sport at younger ages. There is increased pressure to
participate at a high level, to specialize in 1 sport early, and to play
year-round, often on multiple teams. This increased emphasis on
sports specialization has led to an increase in overuse injuries,
overtraining, and burnout.1–3
abstract
This document is copyrighted and is property of the American
Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have
filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of
Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process
approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of
Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial
involvement in the development of the content of this publication.
Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit
from expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and
external reviewers. However, clinical reports from the American
Academy of Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or
the organizations or government agencies that they represent.
The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course
of.
Information for Academic Authority (School Teacher / Administrator) and Child...Safia Fatima Mohiuddin
Information for Academic Authority (School Teacher / Administrator) and Child Caregiver - Youth Football Scenarios
Project Overview and Goals
Adolescents prefer independent decision making and rely on authoritative information and evidence to consider alternative options recommended by caregivers. Coaches are often not informed of concussions due to heading frequency in football. For example, the Scottish Football Association advises “low priority heading for youth” - 14s and 15s are to practice not more than one heading session per week. However, this has not been implemented and a coaching club typically has three sessions in one week.
To assist this age group in assessing risk, the participation of sports authorities, academic authorities, and medical authorities is required, who in turn, may be supported by available research evidence base. An informed ecosystem will ensure young athletes know when to report a concussion and prioritize optimal health for smooth transition into emerging adulthood.
This project is intended to inform of concussions from heading in youth football. The education is based on a comprehensive literature review based on evidence from the past five years.
Data Analytical Study of Injury Reduction in SportsIRJET Journal
The document discusses reducing injuries in sports through various methods like proper warm up, wearing protective gear correctly, addressing environmental factors, and using wearable technology and analytics. It notes that musculoskeletal injuries are common in athletes and can negatively impact their careers and finances. Various behaviors from coaches, referees, medical staff, and associations can influence injury risk factors. A proper warm up including stretching and increased muscle temperature may help lower injury rates by improving range of motion and muscle efficiency. Focusing on identifying injury risks and risk mitigation through technologies can help reduce dangers to players. More research is still needed on prevention methods and risk factors in real world settings.
This document provides an outline for a lecture on introduction to sports medicine. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including the sports medicine team, models in sports medicine, classifications of sports injuries, and the RICE principle. The intended learning outcomes are for students to understand the definition of sports medicine, the roles of the sports medicine team, injury classifications, and the RICE principle.
Fintess Facility Operations: A Forensic PrespectiveLaura Miele, Ph D
Abstract: Fitness facilities provide a number of services to the public. Those services encompass how to train and create an overall healthy being. There are national standards and guidelines that fitness facilities must follow in order to keep their members safe. Some issues that large and small fitness facilities have in common are the lack of knowledge regarding safe practices in the fitness industry. The purpose of this paper is to discuss safe operating procedures and establish an understanding of the industry standards and guidelines in an effort to decrease the incidence of injury or death. The authors will review the standard of care in fitness facility operation from a forensic perspective. This paper will also address frequent contributions to injuries in fitness facilities and provide recommendations regarding implementing safe practices.
The document discusses safety standards and guidelines for fitness facility operations from a forensic perspective. It outlines key components for safe operations, including proper equipment placement and maintenance, qualified staff, member orientations, health screenings, supervision, emergency preparedness, and following industry standards. Failure to implement these safety practices can lead to injuries, so facilities should have protocols to minimize risks and provide a safe environment for members.
Training Load and Fatigue Marker Associations with Injury and IllnessFernando Farias
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the litera-
ture that has reported the monitoring of longitudinal
training load and fatigue and its relationship with injury
and illness. The current findings highlight disparity in the
terms used to define training load, fatigue, injury and ill-
ness, as well as a lack of investigation of fatigue and
training load interactions. Key stages of training and
competition where the athlete is at an increased risk of
injury/illness risk were identified. These included periods
of training load intensification, accumulation of training
load and acute change in load. Modifying training load
during these periods may help reduce the potential for
injury and illness.
Presentation concussion and sports -official aans-cns-think first versionbrainspine
This document provides information about concussions in sports. It begins by defining a concussion as a brief change in mental status caused by force to the head. There has been increased focus on sports concussions recently due to an evolving definition, their common occurrence in youth sports, and potential for long-term complications. Concussions are typically treated with physical and cognitive rest. The document discusses prevention programs and guidelines to reduce head injuries in sports.
The document provides recommendations for physical activity and exercise for stroke survivors based on a review of current evidence. It finds that physical inactivity is highly prevalent after stroke and contributes to poor health outcomes. The evidence clearly supports the use of both aerobic and strength training exercises to improve functional capacity, activities of daily living, and quality of life for stroke survivors, as well as reduce the risk of further cardiovascular events. The writing group recommends that physical activity and a customized exercise program should be incorporated into the management of stroke patients to promote their long-term health and recovery.
Training load monitoring can inform decisions at multiple levels of athlete management, from long-term season planning to in-session adjustments. At a long-term level, load monitoring can be used to understand an athlete's profile over multiple seasons, identify high stress periods, and plan for sport-specific demands. In the short-term, load data can help evaluate daily training plans, assess an athlete's response and progression, and determine if injury risks are elevated. While load data provides useful insights, it cannot predict injury on its own and should not be used in an overly risk-averse manner that restricts important training. Practitioners must consider numerous contextual factors for each athlete to properly interpret and apply load monitoring information.
Cardiac rehabilitation programs are crucial components of cardiac care, aiming to optimize the recovery of patientsafter cardiac surgery. Within these programs, physiotherapists play a pivotal role in guiding patients throughexercise regimens, lifestyle modifications, and the management of pharmacotherapy. Despite their essentialrole, there remains a limited exploration of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physiotherapists concerningcardiac rehabilitation program adherence, with a particular focus on the integration of pharmacotherapy, amongpatients discharged from Indian hospitals after cardiac surgery. This study conducted a structured analysis tocomprehensively assess physiotherapists’ knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, their attitudes towardpatient adherence, and their practices in promoting adherence, taking into consideration the pharmacotherapeuticaspect. Preliminary findings reveal that a substantial proportion of physiotherapists possess an adequateknowledge of cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, emphasizing the significance of exercise, risk factor management,psychosocial support, and medication management. Attitudes toward patient adherence were predominantlypositive, reflecting a strong belief in the program’s efficacy in improving patient outcomes. However, it isnoteworthy that certain barriers to adherence, including patient motivation, resource limitations, and culturalfactors, were identified. In practice, physiotherapists employ diverse strategies, encompassing patient education,exercise supervision, goal setting, and pharmacotherapeutic guidance, to enhance adherence among dischargedpatients. This review provides valuable insights into the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physiotherapistsconcerning cardiac rehabilitation program adherence, emphasizing the integration of pharmacotherapy, amongpatients following cardiac surgery in India. While physiotherapists exhibit robust knowledge and positive attitudes,challenges related to patient motivation and resource constraints warrant dedicated attention. These findingsunderscore the imperative need for targeted interventions and resource allocation to enhance adherence to cardiacrehabilitation programs, ultimately contributing to improved postoperative outcomes for cardiac surgery patients inIndia. Furthermore, further research is essential to explore the patient perspective comprehensively and establisha holistic approach to cardiac rehabilitation adherence that seamlessly incorporates pharmacotherapy.
ACSM_s Resources for Clinical Exercise Physiology.pdfAlgiPhysio1
This document provides information about a book titled "ACSM's Resources for Clinical Exercise Physiology: Musculoskeletal, Neuromuscular, Neoplastic, Immunologic, and Hematologic Conditions, Second Edition". It lists the senior editors and section editors of the book. It also provides a preface that describes the purpose and organization of the book, which is to serve as a resource for exercise professionals working with patients who have chronic diseases beyond just cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions. It aims to complement existing ACSM guidelines and provides information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, testing, exercise prescription, and case studies for various medical conditions.
Specialization is the process by which a physical therapist builds on a broad base of professional education and practice to develop a greater depth of knowledge and skills related to a particular area of practice.
Clinical specialization in physical therapy responds to a specific area of patient need and requires knowledge, skill, and experience exceeding that of the physical therapist at entry to the profession and unique to the specialized area of practice.
1. risk factors and prevention of sports injuriesQuan Fu Gan
The document discusses sports injuries, including the role of sports physiotherapists in prevention, evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation. It outlines intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for sports injuries, such as lower extremity malalignment, muscle weakness, training errors, and environmental conditions. Prevention strategies are discussed at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, including pre-competition screening, proper warm-up and cooling down techniques, education on risk factors, and policy changes. The take-home message is to play safely, follow rules, stop activity if in pain, and see a physiotherapist to prevent or treat sports injuries.
The document summarizes evidence from a systematic review and expert consensus on clinical practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation. The rehabilitation should include three phases: (1) an impairment-based phase, (2) a sport-specific training phase, and (3) a return to play phase. A battery of strength, hop, movement quality, and psychological tests should guide progression between phases over 9-12 months. Return to play criteria should incorporate objective measures like strength and hop tests to assess risk of reinjury.
This document contains a literature review on the effects of early sports specialization on youth and adolescent athletes. It includes the author's contact information and introduction outlining the purpose of systematically reviewing literature on this topic. The methods section describes searches of electronic databases that resulted in inclusion of 8 studies (3 level 2b, 1 level 4, 4 level 5) based on pre-defined criteria. The results section summarizes 4 original research studies that found early specialization is associated with increased injury risk and attrition from sports. It also summarizes 4 expert recommendation articles that consistently recommend monitoring training/rest and delaying specialization until late adolescence to decrease injury risk and attrition.
A sports medicine physician is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing injuries related to sports and exercise. They can be either non-surgical primary care physicians or orthopedic surgeons. Primary care sports medicine doctors typically complete a family medicine residency followed by a 1-2 year sports medicine fellowship. Orthopedic surgeons complete an orthopedic surgery residency. The fellowship and board certification in sports medicine provide additional expertise in musculoskeletal injuries. Both MDs and DOs can become sports medicine physicians, and treat both athletes and non-athletes of all activity levels. Common sports injuries include overuse injuries and acute trauma to muscles, bones, or ligaments.
This document summarizes cardiovascular adaptation in athletes. It discusses the increasing number and diversity of athletes, evolving tools to characterize cardiovascular changes, and the need to differentiate normal adaptation from disease. The physiology of exercise and cardiac remodeling is explained, including how isotonic and isometric stresses impact different sports. Adaptations in the left and right heart are described. Temporal factors and regression of changes with detraining are also covered.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
More Related Content
Similar to Preparticipation Physical Evaluation (PPE), an opportunity for Malawian athletes
Dr. Lawrence J. Lemak is an orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon and civic leader in Birmingham, Alabama. He discusses the history and responsibilities of sports medicine teams, which take a comprehensive approach involving physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists and other personnel. Lemak oversees several sports medicine organizations that provide treatment to athletes, education to medical professionals, and conduct research on injury prevention. He is also involved in community initiatives like S.M.A.R.T. (Sports Medicine Athletic Related Trauma) and the National Center for Sports Safety.
CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediat.docxrichardnorman90310
CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care
Sports Specialization and Intensive
Training in Young Athletes
Joel S. Brenner, MD, MPH, FAAP, COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS
Clinical Report – Reaffirmed With Reference & Data Updates February 2021
This Clinical Report has been reaffirmed with reference and data updates.
New or updated references and datapoints are indicated in bold typeface.
No other changes have been made to the text or content.
Sports specialization is becoming the norm in youth sports for a variety
of reasons. When sports specialization occurs too early, detrimental
effects may occur, both physically and psychologically. If the timing is
correct and sports specialization is performed under the correct
conditions, the athlete may be successful in reaching specific goals.
Young athletes who train intensively, whether specialized or not, can
also be at risk of adverse effects on the mind and body. The purpose of
this clinical report is to assist pediatricians in counseling their young
athlete patients and their parents regarding sports specialization and
intensive training. This report supports the American Academy of
Pediatrics clinical report “Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout
in Child and Adolescent Athletes.”
INTRODUCTION
Youth sports culture has changed dramatically over the past 40 years.1
It is less common today to see a group of young children congregate
in a neighborhood to play a “pick-up” game without any adult
influence. The norm has become for children and adolescents to
participate in organized sports driven by coaches and parents, often
with different goals for the game than its young participants. It is also
less common now to have a multisport athlete in middle or high
school, because the norm has become for young athletes to specialize
in a single sport at younger ages. There is increased pressure to
participate at a high level, to specialize in 1 sport early, and to play
year-round, often on multiple teams. This increased emphasis on
sports specialization has led to an increase in overuse injuries,
overtraining, and burnout.1–3
abstract
This document is copyrighted and is property of the American
Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have
filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of
Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process
approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of
Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial
involvement in the development of the content of this publication.
Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit
from expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and
external reviewers. However, clinical reports from the American
Academy of Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or
the organizations or government agencies that they represent.
The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course
of.
Information for Academic Authority (School Teacher / Administrator) and Child...Safia Fatima Mohiuddin
Information for Academic Authority (School Teacher / Administrator) and Child Caregiver - Youth Football Scenarios
Project Overview and Goals
Adolescents prefer independent decision making and rely on authoritative information and evidence to consider alternative options recommended by caregivers. Coaches are often not informed of concussions due to heading frequency in football. For example, the Scottish Football Association advises “low priority heading for youth” - 14s and 15s are to practice not more than one heading session per week. However, this has not been implemented and a coaching club typically has three sessions in one week.
To assist this age group in assessing risk, the participation of sports authorities, academic authorities, and medical authorities is required, who in turn, may be supported by available research evidence base. An informed ecosystem will ensure young athletes know when to report a concussion and prioritize optimal health for smooth transition into emerging adulthood.
This project is intended to inform of concussions from heading in youth football. The education is based on a comprehensive literature review based on evidence from the past five years.
Data Analytical Study of Injury Reduction in SportsIRJET Journal
The document discusses reducing injuries in sports through various methods like proper warm up, wearing protective gear correctly, addressing environmental factors, and using wearable technology and analytics. It notes that musculoskeletal injuries are common in athletes and can negatively impact their careers and finances. Various behaviors from coaches, referees, medical staff, and associations can influence injury risk factors. A proper warm up including stretching and increased muscle temperature may help lower injury rates by improving range of motion and muscle efficiency. Focusing on identifying injury risks and risk mitigation through technologies can help reduce dangers to players. More research is still needed on prevention methods and risk factors in real world settings.
This document provides an outline for a lecture on introduction to sports medicine. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including the sports medicine team, models in sports medicine, classifications of sports injuries, and the RICE principle. The intended learning outcomes are for students to understand the definition of sports medicine, the roles of the sports medicine team, injury classifications, and the RICE principle.
Fintess Facility Operations: A Forensic PrespectiveLaura Miele, Ph D
Abstract: Fitness facilities provide a number of services to the public. Those services encompass how to train and create an overall healthy being. There are national standards and guidelines that fitness facilities must follow in order to keep their members safe. Some issues that large and small fitness facilities have in common are the lack of knowledge regarding safe practices in the fitness industry. The purpose of this paper is to discuss safe operating procedures and establish an understanding of the industry standards and guidelines in an effort to decrease the incidence of injury or death. The authors will review the standard of care in fitness facility operation from a forensic perspective. This paper will also address frequent contributions to injuries in fitness facilities and provide recommendations regarding implementing safe practices.
The document discusses safety standards and guidelines for fitness facility operations from a forensic perspective. It outlines key components for safe operations, including proper equipment placement and maintenance, qualified staff, member orientations, health screenings, supervision, emergency preparedness, and following industry standards. Failure to implement these safety practices can lead to injuries, so facilities should have protocols to minimize risks and provide a safe environment for members.
Training Load and Fatigue Marker Associations with Injury and IllnessFernando Farias
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the litera-
ture that has reported the monitoring of longitudinal
training load and fatigue and its relationship with injury
and illness. The current findings highlight disparity in the
terms used to define training load, fatigue, injury and ill-
ness, as well as a lack of investigation of fatigue and
training load interactions. Key stages of training and
competition where the athlete is at an increased risk of
injury/illness risk were identified. These included periods
of training load intensification, accumulation of training
load and acute change in load. Modifying training load
during these periods may help reduce the potential for
injury and illness.
Presentation concussion and sports -official aans-cns-think first versionbrainspine
This document provides information about concussions in sports. It begins by defining a concussion as a brief change in mental status caused by force to the head. There has been increased focus on sports concussions recently due to an evolving definition, their common occurrence in youth sports, and potential for long-term complications. Concussions are typically treated with physical and cognitive rest. The document discusses prevention programs and guidelines to reduce head injuries in sports.
The document provides recommendations for physical activity and exercise for stroke survivors based on a review of current evidence. It finds that physical inactivity is highly prevalent after stroke and contributes to poor health outcomes. The evidence clearly supports the use of both aerobic and strength training exercises to improve functional capacity, activities of daily living, and quality of life for stroke survivors, as well as reduce the risk of further cardiovascular events. The writing group recommends that physical activity and a customized exercise program should be incorporated into the management of stroke patients to promote their long-term health and recovery.
Training load monitoring can inform decisions at multiple levels of athlete management, from long-term season planning to in-session adjustments. At a long-term level, load monitoring can be used to understand an athlete's profile over multiple seasons, identify high stress periods, and plan for sport-specific demands. In the short-term, load data can help evaluate daily training plans, assess an athlete's response and progression, and determine if injury risks are elevated. While load data provides useful insights, it cannot predict injury on its own and should not be used in an overly risk-averse manner that restricts important training. Practitioners must consider numerous contextual factors for each athlete to properly interpret and apply load monitoring information.
Cardiac rehabilitation programs are crucial components of cardiac care, aiming to optimize the recovery of patientsafter cardiac surgery. Within these programs, physiotherapists play a pivotal role in guiding patients throughexercise regimens, lifestyle modifications, and the management of pharmacotherapy. Despite their essentialrole, there remains a limited exploration of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physiotherapists concerningcardiac rehabilitation program adherence, with a particular focus on the integration of pharmacotherapy, amongpatients discharged from Indian hospitals after cardiac surgery. This study conducted a structured analysis tocomprehensively assess physiotherapists’ knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, their attitudes towardpatient adherence, and their practices in promoting adherence, taking into consideration the pharmacotherapeuticaspect. Preliminary findings reveal that a substantial proportion of physiotherapists possess an adequateknowledge of cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, emphasizing the significance of exercise, risk factor management,psychosocial support, and medication management. Attitudes toward patient adherence were predominantlypositive, reflecting a strong belief in the program’s efficacy in improving patient outcomes. However, it isnoteworthy that certain barriers to adherence, including patient motivation, resource limitations, and culturalfactors, were identified. In practice, physiotherapists employ diverse strategies, encompassing patient education,exercise supervision, goal setting, and pharmacotherapeutic guidance, to enhance adherence among dischargedpatients. This review provides valuable insights into the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physiotherapistsconcerning cardiac rehabilitation program adherence, emphasizing the integration of pharmacotherapy, amongpatients following cardiac surgery in India. While physiotherapists exhibit robust knowledge and positive attitudes,challenges related to patient motivation and resource constraints warrant dedicated attention. These findingsunderscore the imperative need for targeted interventions and resource allocation to enhance adherence to cardiacrehabilitation programs, ultimately contributing to improved postoperative outcomes for cardiac surgery patients inIndia. Furthermore, further research is essential to explore the patient perspective comprehensively and establisha holistic approach to cardiac rehabilitation adherence that seamlessly incorporates pharmacotherapy.
ACSM_s Resources for Clinical Exercise Physiology.pdfAlgiPhysio1
This document provides information about a book titled "ACSM's Resources for Clinical Exercise Physiology: Musculoskeletal, Neuromuscular, Neoplastic, Immunologic, and Hematologic Conditions, Second Edition". It lists the senior editors and section editors of the book. It also provides a preface that describes the purpose and organization of the book, which is to serve as a resource for exercise professionals working with patients who have chronic diseases beyond just cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions. It aims to complement existing ACSM guidelines and provides information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, testing, exercise prescription, and case studies for various medical conditions.
Specialization is the process by which a physical therapist builds on a broad base of professional education and practice to develop a greater depth of knowledge and skills related to a particular area of practice.
Clinical specialization in physical therapy responds to a specific area of patient need and requires knowledge, skill, and experience exceeding that of the physical therapist at entry to the profession and unique to the specialized area of practice.
1. risk factors and prevention of sports injuriesQuan Fu Gan
The document discusses sports injuries, including the role of sports physiotherapists in prevention, evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation. It outlines intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for sports injuries, such as lower extremity malalignment, muscle weakness, training errors, and environmental conditions. Prevention strategies are discussed at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, including pre-competition screening, proper warm-up and cooling down techniques, education on risk factors, and policy changes. The take-home message is to play safely, follow rules, stop activity if in pain, and see a physiotherapist to prevent or treat sports injuries.
The document summarizes evidence from a systematic review and expert consensus on clinical practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation. The rehabilitation should include three phases: (1) an impairment-based phase, (2) a sport-specific training phase, and (3) a return to play phase. A battery of strength, hop, movement quality, and psychological tests should guide progression between phases over 9-12 months. Return to play criteria should incorporate objective measures like strength and hop tests to assess risk of reinjury.
This document contains a literature review on the effects of early sports specialization on youth and adolescent athletes. It includes the author's contact information and introduction outlining the purpose of systematically reviewing literature on this topic. The methods section describes searches of electronic databases that resulted in inclusion of 8 studies (3 level 2b, 1 level 4, 4 level 5) based on pre-defined criteria. The results section summarizes 4 original research studies that found early specialization is associated with increased injury risk and attrition from sports. It also summarizes 4 expert recommendation articles that consistently recommend monitoring training/rest and delaying specialization until late adolescence to decrease injury risk and attrition.
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Preparticipation Physical Evaluation (PPE), an opportunity for Malawian athletes
1. Preparticipation physical evaluation 182
MMJ VOL 28 (4): December 2016
Malawi Medical Journal 28 (4): December 2016
Preparticipation Physical Evaluation (PPE) is the screening
of athletes for injuries and some risk factors for disease, with
an aim of minimising the risk of injury, disease exacerbation,
and even sudden death during training and competition.
Generally, PPE is conducted prior to athletic performance,
and athletes who are identified as unfit are subsequently ex-
cluded from or advised against participation and referred for
medical consultation.1
Following evidence on its successes
in reducing the incidence of sudden death among athletes,1,2
PPE is currently being practiced in most parts of the world.
However, Malawi currently does not implement PPE as an
integral part of the basic requirements for sports participa-
tion. This may be, among other reasons, because of financial
constraints, lack of interest among Malawi’s sporting ad-
ministrators, and the public’s lack of knowledge about PPE
and its benefits. This exposes Malawian athletes to risks that
might be avoided after being detected by routine medical
screening, such as PPE.
The major components of PPE include medical screening,
musculoskeletal screening, and performance screening.3–6
The medical screening section of PPE obtains information
about an athlete’s personal and family medical history, general
health, history of previous injuries, and relevant information
related to all body systems. Tests to examine body systems,
blood testes, and diagnostic imaging investigations are also
conducted.3
The general medical examination includes
measurements of pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory
rate, peak flow rate, fundoscopy, visual acuity, and skin
measurements. Blood and radiographic investigations
may include a full blood count, blood glucose and lipid
tests, x-rays, and ultrasound scanning. The musculoskeletal
screening section of PPE uses special tests to assess tone,
power, coordination, reflexes, and range of motion of the
limbs.3
The performance screening section uses special
functional tests and quality of movement tests to assess
areas that may not have an impact on health but could affect
performance.3
Athletes of all levels and ages are encouraged to undergo
PPE.7
Although there are currently no globally accepted
standardised procedures for carrying out PPE,7–9
its potential
benefits are enormous. For example, athletes may be affected
by conditions that do not have clear symptoms and can only
be detected through periodic screening.12
Cardiovascular
conditions, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital
coronary artery anomalies, or arrythmogenic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy, are naturally silent until a possibly fatal
arrhythmia occurs. Such cardiovascular conditions may be
detected earlier through careful cardiovascular screening
during PPE. In that way PPE helps to identify pathologic
conditions early to enable timely intervention and
management with the hope of reducing future morbidity
and mortality.12
Commentary
Preparticipation physical evaluation: An opportunity
for Malawian athletes
Conducting PPE regularly also provides an opportunity
to diagnose some common conditions that may not be
severe from a health perspective but may influence sporting
performance.12
Mild iron deficiency, for example, is common
in female athletes. Astigmatism, which can be detected by
visual acuity testing during PPE, is another condition that may
hinder sports performance if undiagnosed and untreated.
Periodic administration of PPE presents an opportunity to
diagnose and manage such conditions.12
Sponsoringinstitutions,governingbodies,aswellasindividual
sports clubs and franchises throughout the world require
that athletes undergo PPE prior to engaging in organised
training and competition. For professional and elite-level
athletes, PPE can have significant financial implications in
addition to the health-related benefits already discussed.
Contrary to the suggestions by some sports administrators
that athlete screening is prohibitively expensive, PPE can
actually be a money saver for sporting organisations.3,13
A
famous example is that of Ruud van Nistelrooy, a fomer
Dutch national team football player, who failed a screening
examination with Manchester United in April 2000. Within
days, he ruptured his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) while
training with his Dutch club at the time, PSV Eindhoven.
PPE saved Manchester United millions of pounds in wages
that would have been paid to a player who did not play a
competitive match for that entire year. On top of addressing
legal as well as insurance requirements, PPE also serves as
a tool for monitoring athletic fitness and performance.7
In
addition, PPE may also provide an opportunity for athletic
counselling and anticipatory guidance.14
Over and above this,
the PPE process helps to establish a relationship between
the athlete and the health practitioner who will be involved
in providing continuing care.12
Due to huge benefits attributed to PPE,2,3,12,13,15
its
administration has been made mandatory by athletic
associations in many parts of the world. Despite the recent
rise in competitive and organised sports participation,
PPE is not generally not carried out in Malawi. There is a
lack of knowledge on the benefits and administration of
PPE among sports administrators and athletes in Malawi.
Therefore, this article explores the risks of not performing
PPE and presents the opportunity that exists for Malawian
athletes to perform PPE.
Challenge for Malawian athletes
The recent rise in organised sports participation in Malawi
has led to an increase in the number of sports-related
injuries among athletes. Although not much is known about
sports injuries in the country, one reports suggested that
sports injuries account for about 2% of all injuries for which
medical attention is sought in Malawi.16
Enock M. Chisati1
, Charles Nyasa1
, Augustine M. Banda2
1. Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
2. College of Medicine High Performance Centre, Blantyre, Malawi
Correspondence: Mr Enock M. Chisati (echisati@gmail.com)
2. MMJ VOL 28 (4): December 2016
Preparticipation physical evaluation 183Malawi Medical Journal 28 (4): December 2016
It is well known that some athletes, when engaged in training
or competition, have a small risk of sudden death caused
by one of a number of medical conditions that has unclear
symptoms.17,18
Theincidenceof suddendeathisapproximately
2.5 times higher in athletes than in non-athletes.19
Some
recent reports in Malawi of the sudden deaths of elite
athletes suggest that Malawian athletes participate in various
sporting activities despite carrying injuries or being afflicted
by potentiall serious illnesses.20,21
For instance, The Daily Times
of 7th April 2015 reported the death of a football player who
was diagnosed with an intracranial neoplasm.20
Though the
player had this problem for a long time, as reported in the
paper, he continued to participate in competitive sports as
evidenced by his registration for Confederation of African
Football (CAF) Champions League that year. Further, a
pilot study, in which athletes were screened by fourth-year
University of Malawi physiotherapy students who were on a
sports clinical placement at the College of Medicine Sports
Complex, revealed that 12 out of 16 (75%) athletes had
injuries (unpublished observation, 2015). It was surprising
to note that most of the injuries were sustained between the
years 2007 and 2014 without proper management, and these
athletes continued to play and participate in competitive
games. Routine PPE for the purposes of identifying athletes
who are fit or unfit for competition would have served these
athletes well and, through medical consultations and targeted
interventions, may have saved these individuals years of
suffering.
Opportunity for Malawian athletes
There is a window of opportunity for Malawian athletes and
sports managers to utilise the resources available within the
country to attain optimal levels of safe sports participation.
These resources are in the form of equipment as well as
facilities and expertise for the implementation of PPE.
PPE should be conducted by practitioners with medical
screeningskillsinbothmusculoskeletalevaluationandcardiac
examination to identify conditions that may predispose
athletestoinjuryorsuddendeath.3
InMalawi,theintroduction
of an honours degree programme in physiotherapy at the
University of Malawi’s College of Medicine in 2010 means
the nation will be equipped with competent professionals.22
Physiotherapists are trained as direct access practitioners with
expertise in injury assessment, prevention, and management,
which are essential in the administration of PPE in a sports
setting. Physiotherapists are uniquely qualified to participate
in the provision of PPE.23
Therefore, with a placement at
the College of Medicine Sports Complex as part of their five
years of training, physiotherapy graduates in Malawi present
Malawian athletes and sports managers with the opportunity
to implement PPE.23
Effective examination of an athlete during PPE requires
that more than one practitioner performs different
components of the assessment.24
Thus, the team approach
is essential in performing PPE for an athlete. In addition
to physiotherapists, professionals such as medical doctors,
sports scientists, exercise physiologists, and psychologists
can each play a role in PPE. Apart from the physiotherapists
who are being trained in the country, Malawi has medical
doctors, sport scientists, and exercise physiologists, as well as
psychologists, trained locally and abroad, who could help in
the successful implementation and administration of PPE at
a national level.
PPErequiresanenvironmentthathastheequipmentrequired
to perform detailed clinical assessments and evaluation of
cardiovascular fitness.3
Guidelines for PPE recommend that
the examination be split so that parts of the assessment are
done on-field or at a suitable facility, while others are done
in the privacy of a clinic.10
The Physiotherapy Department
at the College of Medicine houses a clinic equipped with
state-of-the-art facilities for assessment, treatment, and
rehabilitation of sports injuries. Further, the College of
Medicine Sports Complex delivers fitness programmes to
athletes and the general public. These resources present the
nation with a rich reservoir of equipment, such as treadmills,
strength training machines, Olympic lifting equipment,
medicine balls, and ergometers, that can be used to screen
athletes’ cardiopulmonary fitness, as well as sports injuries,
among other uses.
Conclusions
The absence of PPE as a basic requirement for sports
participation in Malawi places athletes at a higher risk of
sports injuries, and even sudden death (as rare as it may
be). However, the availability of appropriate equipment
and qualified sports medicine professionals in the country
presents an opportunity for the implementation of PPE.
Recommendations
The government of Malawi should formulate deliberate
policies to enforce PPE as a key requirement for sports
participation at local and national level. Sports administrators
governing various athletic associations should enforce and
encourage routine screening of athletes before training or
active season.
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