This foundation is crucial, as the scientific concepts and skills acquired during these early years form the bedrock upon which advanced knowledge is built in the upper secondary. For more information Read the page!
CURRICULUM AND METHODS IN TEACHING SCIENCE
TOPIC: COMPETENCY BASED LESSON GUIDE
REPORTER: WELFREDO L. YU ,JR.
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY-MAIN CAMPUS
GRADUATE SCHOOL
The Singapore Science Curriculum (Primary)David Yeng
The Singapore Science Curriculum - One of the most advanced and holistic curriculum in the world. Our SIPYP curriculum content are based on this syllabus. Once again, this shows you why knowledge of cyclic process is equally important than knowing the cycle.
How Interlinking Learning Promotes Critical Thinking In Middle School? | Futu...Future Education Magazine
Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally, understanding the logical connection between ideas. It’s about being active in your learning and evaluating information, arguments, or situations.
This document outlines the syllabus for physics education in Malaysian secondary schools. It begins by establishing the national philosophy of education, which aims to develop students holistically based on spiritual, intellectual, emotional and physical well-being. The goals of the physics curriculum are to provide students with knowledge of physics and technology, scientific skills, and scientific attitudes and values. The curriculum is organized into topics containing learning objectives and outcomes covering cognitive and affective domains. Learning activities emphasize thoughtful learning through inquiry-based approaches and aim to develop students' critical thinking.
The document discusses issues around transitioning students from primary to secondary school science classes. It provides an overview of transition phases and examines student expectations and potential disappointments. It also discusses best practices for primary science education and effective consolidation strategies for secondary teachers to help students adjust.
primary science tuitions in Singapore focus more on concept-based learning and gives a low priority to the old rote memorisation techniques. It paves the way for kids to have a strong grasp on basic concepts, in turn improving their thinking skills.
How Express Tuition Prepares Sec 2 Students for Upper Secondary Science?Indigo Education Group
This tailored form of tuition focuses on providing intensive, focused learning experiences that equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in more advanced science subjects. Read more!
CURRICULUM AND METHODS IN TEACHING SCIENCE
TOPIC: COMPETENCY BASED LESSON GUIDE
REPORTER: WELFREDO L. YU ,JR.
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY-MAIN CAMPUS
GRADUATE SCHOOL
The Singapore Science Curriculum (Primary)David Yeng
The Singapore Science Curriculum - One of the most advanced and holistic curriculum in the world. Our SIPYP curriculum content are based on this syllabus. Once again, this shows you why knowledge of cyclic process is equally important than knowing the cycle.
How Interlinking Learning Promotes Critical Thinking In Middle School? | Futu...Future Education Magazine
Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally, understanding the logical connection between ideas. It’s about being active in your learning and evaluating information, arguments, or situations.
This document outlines the syllabus for physics education in Malaysian secondary schools. It begins by establishing the national philosophy of education, which aims to develop students holistically based on spiritual, intellectual, emotional and physical well-being. The goals of the physics curriculum are to provide students with knowledge of physics and technology, scientific skills, and scientific attitudes and values. The curriculum is organized into topics containing learning objectives and outcomes covering cognitive and affective domains. Learning activities emphasize thoughtful learning through inquiry-based approaches and aim to develop students' critical thinking.
The document discusses issues around transitioning students from primary to secondary school science classes. It provides an overview of transition phases and examines student expectations and potential disappointments. It also discusses best practices for primary science education and effective consolidation strategies for secondary teachers to help students adjust.
primary science tuitions in Singapore focus more on concept-based learning and gives a low priority to the old rote memorisation techniques. It paves the way for kids to have a strong grasp on basic concepts, in turn improving their thinking skills.
How Express Tuition Prepares Sec 2 Students for Upper Secondary Science?Indigo Education Group
This tailored form of tuition focuses on providing intensive, focused learning experiences that equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in more advanced science subjects. Read more!
It provides personalized support, enhances understanding, prepares students for examinations, and fosters a deeper interest and confidence in science. For more information Read the page!
This study aims to detect the impact of the modified learning cycle strategy on the development of habits of mind and skills of critical thinking in the ‘Islamic Education’ subject for 10th grade students in Jordan. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the semi-experimental approach, hence dividing the students into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Each grouped consisted of (31) students. The modified learning cycle was applied to teach the experimental group, and the regular traditional strategy to the control group. The researcher prepared two studying tools: a measure of the habits of mind which consisted of (25) paragraph, and a critical thinking skills test which included (28) paragraph. Both tools were applied after assuring their validity and reliability. The results indicated a statistically significant difference for using the modified learning cycle strategy in the development of habits of mind and skills of critical thinking for the experimental group students compared to the control group students. The study, thus, stresses the need to apply the modified learning cycle in teaching the ‘Islamic Education’ subject due to its effectiveness in developing habits of mind and skills of critical thinking. The researcher also recommends conducting more research on the effectiveness of the modified learning cycle that concentrates on different variables.
The document discusses factors that promote achievement in science education. It summarizes data from visits to primary and secondary schools rating their science teaching. The best teaching maintained pupils' natural curiosity and put scientific inquiry at the heart of lessons. Key findings note the importance of understanding big ideas in science, engaging pupils in planning investigations, providing differentiated instruction, and ensuring teachers receive science-specific training. The document also identifies factors that improve or limit science teaching at the primary and secondary levels.
The document outlines a revised general knowledge curriculum for grades 1-3 in Pakistan. The curriculum aims to develop students' thinking skills, creativity, healthy attitudes, and moral values through hands-on, inquiry-based learning experiences. It emphasizes broadening learning, strengthening connections between grades, promoting life-long learning, and developing independent learning abilities. The curriculum covers knowledge in areas like beliefs, history, geography, economics, and citizenship. It also focuses on developing skills like inquiry, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and decision-making. Teachers are encouraged to use student-centered, active learning strategies like inquiry-based teaching, learning by doing, demonstrations, cooperative learning, and role-play. Assessment focuses on measuring demonstration of
Teachers should model higher-order thinking by thinking out loud and asking students speculative, predictive, and judgment-based questions rather than just factual recall. Students' prior knowledge and experiences influence their science understanding, and classroom discussions should connect informal experiences to everyday terms and concrete examples while engaging students in scientific practices. To promote science literacy, instruction must emphasize developing students' cognitive tools and communication abilities in scientific discourses.
The document discusses the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) of India from 2005. It provides the framework for developing syllabi, textbooks, and teaching practices in school education. The NCF 2005 draws from previous government reports and focus group discussions. It aims to reform science education to develop scientific temperament, engage scientific processes, and address issues like equity and creativity. It outlines the curriculum framework at different school stages and criticisms of the prevailing approach. The Kerala curriculum framework from 2007 was informed by NCF 2005 and aims for activity-based, process-oriented learning.
This document provides details about the Malaysian Ministry of Education's Integrated Curriculum for Secondary School Science for Year Four. It outlines the national philosophy of education, which aims to develop students holistically. It also describes the goals of the science curriculum, which are to stimulate curiosity, develop scientific skills and thinking skills, foster creativity, teach scientific concepts and knowledge, and inculcate positive values. The document provides information on scientific skills, thinking skills, teaching strategies, and the organization of curriculum content into learning areas.
Discover how general knowledge subjects play a pivotal role in a student's academic journey and beyond. Explore how they enhance critical thinking, promote cultural awareness, nurture curiosity, and prepare students for competitive exams and successful careers. Find out why a well-rounded knowledge base is not only academically valuable but also essential for personal growth and enrichment. For more knowledge please visit : https://aajkerbangla.in/
The document discusses strategies for teaching science as a practice. It contrasts typical K-8 science instruction with teaching science through scientific practices like asking questions, investigating, and evaluating models. Current instruction focuses narrowly on validating theories through routine experiments. The document recommends teaching science through practices like argumentation, explanation-building, and interacting with texts. It provides examples of instructional strategies at different grade levels to scaffold students' understanding and engage them in meaningful scientific inquiry.
The document discusses inquiry-based science education (IBSE) and its key features, including active student engagement, problem-based learning activities, developing observation and questioning skills, collaborative work, and developing autonomy. It provides examples of inquiry-based science where students investigate problems, develop explanations, and evaluate their understandings. Inquiry increases rigor, engagement, intellectual risk-taking, and develops important soft skills. It allows for differentiation, peer learning, and creates lifelong learners able to solve complex problems. Necessary components for science lesson plans include objectives, materials, background knowledge, instruction, student practice, assessment, and closure.
Roles and Functions of Educational Technology in 21st Century EducationMary Jane Macion
This document discusses the importance of educational technology in 21st century learning. It notes that educational technology allows for quick access to information, constant social interaction, and easily created and shared digital content. It emphasizes that instruction should be student-centered, collaborative, and have real-world context. The document also outlines three broad areas that educational technology can be used: to develop 21st century skills, support innovative teaching and learning, and create robust education support systems. Finally, it lists 11 important functions of educational technology, such as improving teaching and learning, developing teaching materials, and identifying community needs.
How to make classroom an effective learning hubAdnanAlam36
The document discusses how to make classrooms effective learning hubs. It outlines that effective learning is an active, social, and learner-driven process of construction, monitoring, and review. An effective learning cycle involves doing an activity, reviewing it, extracting meaning, and applying learning to future actions. The document then lists several effective teaching-learning processes like starting with questions, engaging students actively, concentrating on evidence, providing historical context, insisting on clear expression, using team approaches, and de-emphasizing technical vocabulary memorization. Finally, it states that effective learning leads to more connected knowledge, complex understanding, engagement, reflection, and sense of community.
The document discusses the author's philosophy on effective science teaching. The author believes science should be taught using active learning methods like experiments, group work, and problem-solving rather than passive lecturing. This develops students' intellectual abilities and understanding of concepts rather than just memorization. The teacher's role is to engage students and respect diversity, while assessments should provide feedback to improve learning.
This document outlines the science curriculum standards for primary school year 6 in Malaysia. It discusses the aims and objectives of focusing on developing scientific skills, attitudes, and values in students. The curriculum is designed around key themes to provide hands-on learning opportunities through an inquiry-based approach. It emphasizes cultivating observation, critical thinking, problem solving abilities and an appreciation for the environment in students. Assessment focuses on evaluating how well students are mastering scientific knowledge and applying skills to solve problems. The standards guide teaching strategies and organizing content to achieve the goal of producing well-rounded individuals through science education.
IRJET- Real Life Experiences in Inquiry-Based Life Science InstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing real-life experiences in inquiry-based life science instruction. It notes that teachers should provide real-world connections to engage students with global issues. The study examined how 102 junior high school science teachers in the Philippines incorporated real-life experiences and inquiry-based learning into their lessons. It found that teachers moderately used real-life experiences and applied the phases of inquiry-based learning. The document recommends using proposed learning plans to enhance science instruction and developing an assessment tool to determine the impact of incorporating real-life experiences.
School primary science instruction offers learning opportunities for students to develop scientific literacy, as well as the information, skills, values, and attitudes necessary to participate in a technologically and scientifically advanced society.
The Modern school Faridabad is named as one of the best CBSE school in Faridabad, Haryana. We are providing Best Co-Ed environment to students with modern infrastructure, advanced curriculum, smart classrooms, Indoor and outdoor sports facilities, fully equipped labs with advanced computer lab and robotics lab. We are top CBSE schools in Faridabad.
This document discusses the importance of practical-based learning in education. It argues that traditional classroom lectures focus too much on theoretical knowledge and do not adequately prepare students for the real world. Practical-based learning engages students through hands-on activities, experiments, projects, and real-world scenarios to provide a deeper understanding of concepts. This dynamic approach fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and other skills needed for success in the 21st century. By allowing students to directly apply what they learn and discover their interests, practical education ignites curiosity and a lifelong love of learning.
The Modern school Faridabad is named as one of the best CBSE school in Faridabad, Haryana. We are providing Best Co-Ed environment to students with modern infrastructure, advanced curriculum, smart classrooms, Indoor and outdoor sports facilities, fully equipped labs with advanced computer lab and robotics lab. We are top CBSE schools in Faridabad.
Sandra Jaquette outlines her teaching philosophy which encompasses three main areas: 1) providing students opportunities to acquire, practice, and receive reinforcement of fundamental knowledge and skills, 2) encouraging students to think critically by questioning, analyzing, and testing new knowledge, and 3) designing instruction that motivates students and makes real-world connections. She believes in differentiated instruction, inquiry-based learning, and maintaining a safe classroom where students feel comfortable exploring ideas. Jaquette also stresses the importance of being a lifelong learner to stay current in the ever-changing fields of science and education.
Enhancing Language Mastery: English Tuition for Secondary Students in SingaporeIndigo Education Group
English proficiency is crucial for academic success and future career opportunities, making English tuition a valuable resource for secondary students in Singapore.
Secondary English is more than just a subject; it is a gateway to effective communication, critical thinking, and academic achievement. Proficiency in English is essential for students to comprehend complex texts, express ideas cogently, and engage in meaningful discourse Learn more!
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It provides personalized support, enhances understanding, prepares students for examinations, and fosters a deeper interest and confidence in science. For more information Read the page!
This study aims to detect the impact of the modified learning cycle strategy on the development of habits of mind and skills of critical thinking in the ‘Islamic Education’ subject for 10th grade students in Jordan. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the semi-experimental approach, hence dividing the students into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Each grouped consisted of (31) students. The modified learning cycle was applied to teach the experimental group, and the regular traditional strategy to the control group. The researcher prepared two studying tools: a measure of the habits of mind which consisted of (25) paragraph, and a critical thinking skills test which included (28) paragraph. Both tools were applied after assuring their validity and reliability. The results indicated a statistically significant difference for using the modified learning cycle strategy in the development of habits of mind and skills of critical thinking for the experimental group students compared to the control group students. The study, thus, stresses the need to apply the modified learning cycle in teaching the ‘Islamic Education’ subject due to its effectiveness in developing habits of mind and skills of critical thinking. The researcher also recommends conducting more research on the effectiveness of the modified learning cycle that concentrates on different variables.
The document discusses factors that promote achievement in science education. It summarizes data from visits to primary and secondary schools rating their science teaching. The best teaching maintained pupils' natural curiosity and put scientific inquiry at the heart of lessons. Key findings note the importance of understanding big ideas in science, engaging pupils in planning investigations, providing differentiated instruction, and ensuring teachers receive science-specific training. The document also identifies factors that improve or limit science teaching at the primary and secondary levels.
The document outlines a revised general knowledge curriculum for grades 1-3 in Pakistan. The curriculum aims to develop students' thinking skills, creativity, healthy attitudes, and moral values through hands-on, inquiry-based learning experiences. It emphasizes broadening learning, strengthening connections between grades, promoting life-long learning, and developing independent learning abilities. The curriculum covers knowledge in areas like beliefs, history, geography, economics, and citizenship. It also focuses on developing skills like inquiry, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and decision-making. Teachers are encouraged to use student-centered, active learning strategies like inquiry-based teaching, learning by doing, demonstrations, cooperative learning, and role-play. Assessment focuses on measuring demonstration of
Teachers should model higher-order thinking by thinking out loud and asking students speculative, predictive, and judgment-based questions rather than just factual recall. Students' prior knowledge and experiences influence their science understanding, and classroom discussions should connect informal experiences to everyday terms and concrete examples while engaging students in scientific practices. To promote science literacy, instruction must emphasize developing students' cognitive tools and communication abilities in scientific discourses.
The document discusses the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) of India from 2005. It provides the framework for developing syllabi, textbooks, and teaching practices in school education. The NCF 2005 draws from previous government reports and focus group discussions. It aims to reform science education to develop scientific temperament, engage scientific processes, and address issues like equity and creativity. It outlines the curriculum framework at different school stages and criticisms of the prevailing approach. The Kerala curriculum framework from 2007 was informed by NCF 2005 and aims for activity-based, process-oriented learning.
This document provides details about the Malaysian Ministry of Education's Integrated Curriculum for Secondary School Science for Year Four. It outlines the national philosophy of education, which aims to develop students holistically. It also describes the goals of the science curriculum, which are to stimulate curiosity, develop scientific skills and thinking skills, foster creativity, teach scientific concepts and knowledge, and inculcate positive values. The document provides information on scientific skills, thinking skills, teaching strategies, and the organization of curriculum content into learning areas.
Discover how general knowledge subjects play a pivotal role in a student's academic journey and beyond. Explore how they enhance critical thinking, promote cultural awareness, nurture curiosity, and prepare students for competitive exams and successful careers. Find out why a well-rounded knowledge base is not only academically valuable but also essential for personal growth and enrichment. For more knowledge please visit : https://aajkerbangla.in/
The document discusses strategies for teaching science as a practice. It contrasts typical K-8 science instruction with teaching science through scientific practices like asking questions, investigating, and evaluating models. Current instruction focuses narrowly on validating theories through routine experiments. The document recommends teaching science through practices like argumentation, explanation-building, and interacting with texts. It provides examples of instructional strategies at different grade levels to scaffold students' understanding and engage them in meaningful scientific inquiry.
The document discusses inquiry-based science education (IBSE) and its key features, including active student engagement, problem-based learning activities, developing observation and questioning skills, collaborative work, and developing autonomy. It provides examples of inquiry-based science where students investigate problems, develop explanations, and evaluate their understandings. Inquiry increases rigor, engagement, intellectual risk-taking, and develops important soft skills. It allows for differentiation, peer learning, and creates lifelong learners able to solve complex problems. Necessary components for science lesson plans include objectives, materials, background knowledge, instruction, student practice, assessment, and closure.
Roles and Functions of Educational Technology in 21st Century EducationMary Jane Macion
This document discusses the importance of educational technology in 21st century learning. It notes that educational technology allows for quick access to information, constant social interaction, and easily created and shared digital content. It emphasizes that instruction should be student-centered, collaborative, and have real-world context. The document also outlines three broad areas that educational technology can be used: to develop 21st century skills, support innovative teaching and learning, and create robust education support systems. Finally, it lists 11 important functions of educational technology, such as improving teaching and learning, developing teaching materials, and identifying community needs.
How to make classroom an effective learning hubAdnanAlam36
The document discusses how to make classrooms effective learning hubs. It outlines that effective learning is an active, social, and learner-driven process of construction, monitoring, and review. An effective learning cycle involves doing an activity, reviewing it, extracting meaning, and applying learning to future actions. The document then lists several effective teaching-learning processes like starting with questions, engaging students actively, concentrating on evidence, providing historical context, insisting on clear expression, using team approaches, and de-emphasizing technical vocabulary memorization. Finally, it states that effective learning leads to more connected knowledge, complex understanding, engagement, reflection, and sense of community.
The document discusses the author's philosophy on effective science teaching. The author believes science should be taught using active learning methods like experiments, group work, and problem-solving rather than passive lecturing. This develops students' intellectual abilities and understanding of concepts rather than just memorization. The teacher's role is to engage students and respect diversity, while assessments should provide feedback to improve learning.
This document outlines the science curriculum standards for primary school year 6 in Malaysia. It discusses the aims and objectives of focusing on developing scientific skills, attitudes, and values in students. The curriculum is designed around key themes to provide hands-on learning opportunities through an inquiry-based approach. It emphasizes cultivating observation, critical thinking, problem solving abilities and an appreciation for the environment in students. Assessment focuses on evaluating how well students are mastering scientific knowledge and applying skills to solve problems. The standards guide teaching strategies and organizing content to achieve the goal of producing well-rounded individuals through science education.
IRJET- Real Life Experiences in Inquiry-Based Life Science InstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing real-life experiences in inquiry-based life science instruction. It notes that teachers should provide real-world connections to engage students with global issues. The study examined how 102 junior high school science teachers in the Philippines incorporated real-life experiences and inquiry-based learning into their lessons. It found that teachers moderately used real-life experiences and applied the phases of inquiry-based learning. The document recommends using proposed learning plans to enhance science instruction and developing an assessment tool to determine the impact of incorporating real-life experiences.
School primary science instruction offers learning opportunities for students to develop scientific literacy, as well as the information, skills, values, and attitudes necessary to participate in a technologically and scientifically advanced society.
The Modern school Faridabad is named as one of the best CBSE school in Faridabad, Haryana. We are providing Best Co-Ed environment to students with modern infrastructure, advanced curriculum, smart classrooms, Indoor and outdoor sports facilities, fully equipped labs with advanced computer lab and robotics lab. We are top CBSE schools in Faridabad.
This document discusses the importance of practical-based learning in education. It argues that traditional classroom lectures focus too much on theoretical knowledge and do not adequately prepare students for the real world. Practical-based learning engages students through hands-on activities, experiments, projects, and real-world scenarios to provide a deeper understanding of concepts. This dynamic approach fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and other skills needed for success in the 21st century. By allowing students to directly apply what they learn and discover their interests, practical education ignites curiosity and a lifelong love of learning.
The Modern school Faridabad is named as one of the best CBSE school in Faridabad, Haryana. We are providing Best Co-Ed environment to students with modern infrastructure, advanced curriculum, smart classrooms, Indoor and outdoor sports facilities, fully equipped labs with advanced computer lab and robotics lab. We are top CBSE schools in Faridabad.
Sandra Jaquette outlines her teaching philosophy which encompasses three main areas: 1) providing students opportunities to acquire, practice, and receive reinforcement of fundamental knowledge and skills, 2) encouraging students to think critically by questioning, analyzing, and testing new knowledge, and 3) designing instruction that motivates students and makes real-world connections. She believes in differentiated instruction, inquiry-based learning, and maintaining a safe classroom where students feel comfortable exploring ideas. Jaquette also stresses the importance of being a lifelong learner to stay current in the ever-changing fields of science and education.
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Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
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Making of a Nation.
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Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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Preparing for Upper Secondary: Building a Strong Foundation in Lower Sec Express Science
1. Preparing for Upper Secondary: Building a Strong Foundation in Lower Sec
Express Science
Preparing for upper secondary education involves building a robust foundation during the lower
secondary years, especially in express science classes. This foundation is crucial, as the scientific
concepts and skills acquired during these early years form the bedrock upon which advanced knowledge
is built in the upper secondary.
Developing Analytical Skills: Lower secondary science is not just about memorizing facts; it's about
developing analytical and critical thinking skills. Students are encouraged to ask questions, engage in
discussions, and apply scientific principles to real-world situations.
Practical Experiments: Hands-on experiments play a significant role in lower secondary express science
classes. They help students understand the practical application of theoretical knowledge and develop
essential laboratory skills, which are vital in upper secondary science.
Building Confidence: A confident approach to learning science can significantly impact a student’s
performance. Lower secondary is the perfect stage to build this confidence through positive
reinforcement, collaborative learning, and providing a supportive learning environment.
Time Management: Time management is another critical skill that students should develop during their
lower secondary years. Balancing academic work with extracurricular activities is essential for
maintaining a well-rounded educational experience.
Encouraging Curiosity: Finally, fostering a sense of curiosity about the natural world and scientific
phenomena can motivate students to explore and understand complex scientific ideas as they progress
in their academic journey.
In conclusion, laying a strong foundation in lower secondary express science is pivotal for academic
success in upper secondary. It involves a comprehensive approach encompassing mastery of core
concepts, development of critical thinking, practical application, and the cultivation of effective study
habits and skills. This preparation not only equips students with the knowledge and skills required for
upper secondary but also instills a lifelong passion for science.