Points to Consider for Molecular Detection for Respiratory VirusesIan M. Mackay, Ph.D
Lecture given by me as a WHO-EMRO Temporary Advisor, to the First WHO-EMRO Training Workshop on MERS-CoV Laboratory Diagnostics, 14th-16th December 2015, Dubai, UAE.
Liber Conference 2015. Presentation on "Text Mining for Climate Change domain"pinarozturk99
The presentation is about How to use text mining for knowledge discovery in the Climate Change domain. The aim is to develop computation support to natural scientist to speed up the scientific discovery process.
The presentation is about how to use text mining for knowledge discovery in the Climate Change domain. The aim is to develop computation support to natural scientist to speed up the scientific discovery process.
Points to Consider for Molecular Detection for Respiratory VirusesIan M. Mackay, Ph.D
Lecture given by me as a WHO-EMRO Temporary Advisor, to the First WHO-EMRO Training Workshop on MERS-CoV Laboratory Diagnostics, 14th-16th December 2015, Dubai, UAE.
Liber Conference 2015. Presentation on "Text Mining for Climate Change domain"pinarozturk99
The presentation is about How to use text mining for knowledge discovery in the Climate Change domain. The aim is to develop computation support to natural scientist to speed up the scientific discovery process.
The presentation is about how to use text mining for knowledge discovery in the Climate Change domain. The aim is to develop computation support to natural scientist to speed up the scientific discovery process.
Ponente: Marie Audette, Decana de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores de la Universidad Laval y delegada de la Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades de Quebec. Part 2
iEvoBio Keynote: Frontiers of discovery with Encyclopedia of Life -- TRAITBANK Cyndy Parr
Talk presented at iEvoBio 2014 conference in Raleigh, North Carolina. Though there's a similar title and overlap with the talk I posted last week, there is new material here especially geared towards an informatics crowd savvy in the tools and technology.
This is a powerpoint presentation on zebrafish husbandry requirements. It was presented, as part of the assessment procedure, in the 4th International Course on Care & Use of Laboratory Animals (mouse, rat. zebrafish) hosted by the University of Crete, Greece from May 29 to June 9 in 2017.
This presentation was presented during the 2nd CSMTA conference. This is all about the mechanics of the INTEL Science Fair/Investigatory Project in Science. This is very helpful to teachers who want to start giving science IP to their students and those who want to join the INTEL Science Fair competition.
Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture - quality assessment reportSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021.
Nanosilver, "nano" teriminin nispeten yeni ortaya çıkması nedeniyle yeni bir materyal olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, nanozilver materyallerin yakından incelenmesinde, çoğunlukla kolloidal gümüş biçiminde nispeten güvenli ve düzenlenmiş 120 yıllık bir geçmişi vardır. Tarihsel perspektif, nanozilver'in kasıtlı olarak üretildiğini ve on yıllar boyunca günlük uygulamaların geniş bir yelpazesinde ticari olarak kabul edildiğini göstermektedir. Nanosilver materyalleri sadece "nano" terimine yapılan isim değişikliğine dayanarak "potansiyel olarak zararlı" olan "bilinmeyen özelliklere" sahip "yeni kimyasallar" olarak ilan etmeye ve bilimsel ve düzenleyici mirasın birikmiş bilgisini gözardı ederek hem emniyet ve geniş bir uygulama yelpazesinde etkinlik,
Ponente: Marie Audette, Decana de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores de la Universidad Laval y delegada de la Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades de Quebec. Part 2
iEvoBio Keynote: Frontiers of discovery with Encyclopedia of Life -- TRAITBANK Cyndy Parr
Talk presented at iEvoBio 2014 conference in Raleigh, North Carolina. Though there's a similar title and overlap with the talk I posted last week, there is new material here especially geared towards an informatics crowd savvy in the tools and technology.
This is a powerpoint presentation on zebrafish husbandry requirements. It was presented, as part of the assessment procedure, in the 4th International Course on Care & Use of Laboratory Animals (mouse, rat. zebrafish) hosted by the University of Crete, Greece from May 29 to June 9 in 2017.
This presentation was presented during the 2nd CSMTA conference. This is all about the mechanics of the INTEL Science Fair/Investigatory Project in Science. This is very helpful to teachers who want to start giving science IP to their students and those who want to join the INTEL Science Fair competition.
Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture - quality assessment reportSara Barrento
A total of 157 participants from 33 countries attended the webinar on the Application of Sensors in Precision Aquaculture (#aquasensors) on the 25th of May, 2021.
Nanosilver, "nano" teriminin nispeten yeni ortaya çıkması nedeniyle yeni bir materyal olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, nanozilver materyallerin yakından incelenmesinde, çoğunlukla kolloidal gümüş biçiminde nispeten güvenli ve düzenlenmiş 120 yıllık bir geçmişi vardır. Tarihsel perspektif, nanozilver'in kasıtlı olarak üretildiğini ve on yıllar boyunca günlük uygulamaların geniş bir yelpazesinde ticari olarak kabul edildiğini göstermektedir. Nanosilver materyalleri sadece "nano" terimine yapılan isim değişikliğine dayanarak "potansiyel olarak zararlı" olan "bilinmeyen özelliklere" sahip "yeni kimyasallar" olarak ilan etmeye ve bilimsel ve düzenleyici mirasın birikmiş bilgisini gözardı ederek hem emniyet ve geniş bir uygulama yelpazesinde etkinlik,
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
prepare-guidelines important.pdf
1. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Design of animal studies:
The PREPARE guidelines
Adrian Smith
adrian.smith@norecopa.no
https://norecopa.no
norecopa.no/CAAT-1
7th Annual 3Rs Symposium, 4-5 June 2020
2. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Norecopa
Norway's National Consensus Platform for the
Three Rs: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement
and a source of global 3R resources
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
https://norecopa.no
4. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Today's presentation (30 minutes):
A quick overview of the PREPARE guidelines
Tomorrow (0830-0930):
The Refinement Wiki and the International Culture of Care Network
with more time to explore the Norecopa website
5. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Preparing for animal research: my starting point
• I have supervised animal research, and held courses in lab animal science,
since the early 1980's
• I have developed the greatest respect for scientists who are specialists in their
field and who plan ground-breaking research
• It becomes clear that one of the greatest challenges to reproducibility lies in
the animal material they use and the way they use it
• I suspect that many scientists are unaware of the size of this challenge, or
assume that the animal facility is dealing with it
7. Two frustrations:
'We can solve the reproducibility crisis by'
• courses in Experimental Design that focus exclusively
on the "mathematical" aspects (e.g. randomisation,
experimental units, blinding, statistical methods) and
ignore the animal/human-related issues
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
reddit.com
• better reporting
8. Reporting guidelines are not new…and they have not solved the reproducibility crisis
e.g.
• Guidelines for specification of animals and husbandry methods when reporting the
results of animal experiments (GV-SOLAS, 1985)
• Reporting animal use in scientific papers (Jane Smith et al.), 1997
• Öbrink & Rehbinder: Animal definition: a necessity for the validity of animal
experiments? Laboratory Animals, 2000
• Guidelines for reporting the results of experiments on fish (2000)
• ARRIVE Guidelines, 2010 & 2019 (Kilkenny et al.; Percie du Sert et al.)
• Gold Standard Publication Checklist, 2010 (SYRCLE)
• Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, NRC, 2011
• Instructions to authors, in many journals
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
11. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
arborist101.com
The easy parts of design and reporting:
• Chainsaw
• Blade characteristics
• Sparkplug type
• Petrol/oil mixture
• Service history
• Angle of cut in tree
• Length of tree logs
12. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Critical issues behind the scenes that may not get
reported:
• Experience of the workers
• Inspection for signs of rot and to decide felling direction
• Additional equipment (winch, chains, straps, wedges)
• Routines and equipment for sharpening the chain
• Clearing-up and transport of logs
Starts long before the actual work:
'Measure twice, think three times, cut once'
Luc Noyez NHJL 18, 60 (2010) doi.org/10.1007/BF03091738
Measure twice, think three times: prepare
Cut once: report
• Health and safety precautions – clothing,
onlookers
• Division of labour and costs
stihl.no
14. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Reporting
Planning
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
15. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
https://www.meonuk.com/runway-markings-explained
How have pilots achieved reproducibility?
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
16. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
…and precision in a variable environment?
17. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
10-15 checklists even on short routine flights
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
18. • Reduce risk of forgetting to carry out vital actions
• Ensure checks are carried out in the correct sequence
• Encourage cooperation and cross-checking between crew
members
Checklists
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
19. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
colourbox.com
Too late to read the checklists when you have ARRIVEd!
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
21. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
The C57BL/6 mouse
Åhlgren & Voikar (2019):
Behavioural differences
between /6J and /6N mice
nature.com/articles/s41684-019-0288-8
22. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
we are what we eat...
Currently no FELASA guidance on nutrition (a working group has been convened)
3R Symposium, Copenhagen, 12-13 November 2019
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
23. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
(not just the direct suffering caused by the
procedure)
Fear, boredom and discomfort
Caused by, for example:
Transport, or changes in housing,
husbandry and social groups
Single-housed male mice show symptoms of what in humans would be
characterised as depression
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0111065
photo: colourbox.com
animalcaresystems.com
Contingent suffering
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
24. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/how-to-pick-up-a-mouse
Stress caused by capture and handling
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
26. • Are you sure that your injection ends up in the same place
each time?
• Are the injections painful?
• Are they realistic? (intramuscular injections in small animals)
Photo: NMBU
Artefacts caused by poor administration techniques
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
27. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
‘Simple’ case: a researcher wants a blood sample
The best blood sampling techniques are those where you can:
ü see the blood vessel
ü regulate the amount of blood you remove
ü stop the bleeding easily (including internal bleeding)
ü avoid damage to the surrounding tissue
ü collect samples rapidly, to avoid artefacts due to mechanical stress, temperature
changes, differing lengths of sampling time
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
medipoint.com/html/for_use_on_mice.html photo:NMBU
theodora.com/rodent_laboratory/
blood_collection.html
28. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Carol M. Newton (1925-2014)
The three S’s
• Good Science
• Good Sense
• Good Sensibilities
https://norecopa.no/3S
National Library of Medicine
29. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Report
Design / plan
Conduct
Analysis
Identify and ensure the quality of (at least)
the critical points in the experiment:
critical for scientific validity and animal
welfare
Preparation and evaluation are part of a
continuing learning spiral
30. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
eaugallecheese.com/Swiss-Cheese
wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_cheese_model
Weakness / hazard
"Layer of defence"
or redundancy
Loss
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Threat and Error Management
31. Contingency and redundancy
Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong (Murphy’s Law)
when it's least convenient (Sod's Law)
Photo: NMBU
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
PREPARE draws on the authors'
experience in managing
accredited research facilities.
Work in this spirit, even if your
facility is not accredited
32. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
• Complex machines (animals) create known or unknown unknown interactions
• Design weaknesses (which the engineers knew about!)
• External pressure to launch (political, media) - Publish or perish.
• Management decisions (pushing the safety envelope):
“We’ve got away with it before”
”We’ve managed to publish the experiments before”
• A combination of many factors, each of which may be harmless until they occur
simultaneously
cbsnews.com no.wikipedia.org
NASA
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
We need a Culture of Care: more about that tomorrow!
33. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Pre-published under Open Access on 3 August 2017,
sponsored by the Universities Federation for Animal
Welfare (UFAW), UK
https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677217724823
Established 1926
Over 12,000 downloads from the
journal website so far
Also downloadable from
norecopa.no/PREPARE
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
34. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
PREPARE covers 15 topics:
Formulation of the study
1. Literature searches
2. Legal issues
3. Ethical issues, harm-benefit assessment and humane endpoints
4. Experimental design and statistical analysis
Dialogue between scientists and the animal facility
5. Objectives and timescale, funding and division of labour
6. Facility evaluation
7. Education and training
8. Health risks, waste disposal and decontamination
Methods
9. Test substances and procedures
10. Experimental animals
11. Quarantine and health monitoring
12. Housing and husbandry
13. Experimental procedures
14. Humane killing, release, reuse or rehoming
15. Necropsy
PREPARE:
Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence
Items in pink are
not typically
highlighted in
reporting guidelines
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
35. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
norecopa.no/PREPARE/prepare-checklist
Three Rs!
36. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703181v1
Reference to 3R-related issues
37. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703181v1
Reference to 3R-related issues
38. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
In addition to the checklist, much more information is available on:
norecopa.no/PREPARE
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
39. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
norecopa.no/PREPARE
Links to quality guidelines worldwide on e.g. blood sampling, injection volumes, housing
and husbandry, analgesia, humane endpoints, experimental design
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
40. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
An example: i.v. injection of a radioactive isotope:
procedureswithcare.org.uk/intravenous-injection-in-the-mouse
norecopa.no/PREPARE
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
41. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
A simple but effective Master Plan
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
42. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
A contract between the animal facility
and the research group
The division of labour and responsibilities
Clarifying all stages of the experiment
Ensuring that all necessary parameters are
recorded
Page 2 of 4
Animal
facility
Researcher Not
applicable
Animal:
Arrival date
Species
Strain/stock and substrain
Supplier (full name and address) or bred on the premises
Number and sex
Age, weight, stage of life cycle on arrival
Pre-treatment (surgical or medical) from supplier
Quality (e.g. SPF, germ-free, gnotobiotic, conventional)
Acclimation time before the start of the experiment
Time and duration of fasting (with/without water and bedding)
Environment:
Type of housing: barrier/conventional
Temperature (mean ± variation)
Light schedule
Relative humidity (mean ± variation)
Number of air changes in the animal room/cabinet per hour
Environmental enrichment
Housing:
Free-range, shelf, cabinet, isolator
Cage type and size
Number and method of distribution of animals per cage
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
43. A Contingency Plan, based upon risk assessment
https://norecopa.no/prepare/6-facility-evaluation/master-plan-and-sops/contingency-plan
• Access to emergency services (police, fire, medical and veterinary help, security guards, personnel
transport in cases of acute illness)
• Means of communication with staff members at all levels
• SOPs for acute illness, including
• serious haemorrhages
• fainting
• allergic and anaphylactic reactions
• burns
• head injuries
• bites
• corrosive injuries
• and forms for reporting such injuries
• Firefighting, evacuation of personnel and animals
• Access to specialist services (e.g. ventilation system, plumbing, electrical installations, suppliers of
equipment)
• Routines in cases of power failure, water leaks and (if applicable) natural disasters such as flooding
• Routines for emergency killing of animals
• Routines in cases of threats to the facility or personnel
Temporary staff at weekends and holidays
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
44. What if things go wrong?
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
45. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
PREPARE encourages scientists to collaborate with
animal carers and technicians from Day 1
• they have a right to know and will be more motivated
• they know the possibilities (and limitations) in the animal facility
• they often possess a large range of practical skills and are good at lateral
thinking
• they know the animals best
• the animals know them best
• lack of involvement creates anxiety, depression and opposition to animal
research, as well as limiting creativity which might improve the experiments
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
46. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
norecopa.no/be-prepared
Good advice is emerging from the Covid-19 pandemic
lava.uk.net/viewtopic.php?f=3&p=80
47. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
PREPARE is not just another set of guidelines!
"We ARRIVED, because we were PREPARED"
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
ü Better Science
ü Improved animal welfare
ü Advancement of the 3Rs
ü Safer working environment
48. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
vimeo.com/358069203 or norecopa.no/PREPARE
3-minute cartoon film
49. Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
wikipedia.org
Søren Kirkegaard (1813-1855)
It is perfectly true, as philosophers
say, that life must be understood
backwards. Reporting!
But they forget the other
proposition, that it must be lived
forwards. PREPARE!
English-language newsletters post@norecopa.no
50. Thanks to Norecopa's main sponsors:
• Standing Committee on Business Affairs, Norwegian Parliament
• Norwegian Ministries of Agriculture and Fisheries
• Research Council of Norway
• Laboratory Animals Ltd.
• Architect Finn Rahn's Legacy
• Nordic Society Against Painful Experiments (NSMSD)
• Norwegian Society for Animal Protection (Dyrebeskyttelsen Norge)
• Norwegian Animal Protection Alliance (Dyrevernalliansen)
• Novo Nordisk
• Sanofi
• Scottish Accreditation Board (SAB)
• Stiansen Foundation
• Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW)
• US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Norecopa: PREPARE for better Science
Graphics: colourbox.com