Basically aimed at students in the final year of Syrian high school,two self-study guides of English Grammar and English for Starters 12 below can be quite useful for any Arab keen on learning/improving basic grammar of English and other English skills. upload by Magid Hussein

1. 2012-2013
∏¬÷€;’ŒÊ¡Å;¸›“÷ËáÁ�Ï
¡ÅÄ;¯ài]ÇU;^∂Å;dç3;à]%

2. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
1
¯ài]Ç;^∂Å;dç3;à]%;
;
;
;
;
o‫م‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬:
•ÖÎâap@€‹íËbÖÒ@a€rb„ÏÌÚ@@
•ÖÎâap@€�˝l@a˛Öl@a�„ÿ‹Óå@ø@∫Ó…@a€é‰Ïap@
•ÖÎâap@€�˝l@”é·@a€6∫Ú@ø@a€n»‹Ó·@aΩ–nÏÄ
•ÖÎâap@€‹íËbÖÒ@a€rb„ÏÌÚ@ib€‹ÃÚ@a�„ÿ‹ÓåÌÚ@œ‘¡@€‹‡n–Ï”¥@ÎflÂ@ÌäÀk@iÜÅÏfi@”é·@a˛Öl@
a�„ÿ‹ÓåN
€‹nÏaï›Z@
Mobile: 0999 126 186
Facebook: www.facebook.com/ahmed.bashier.salem
@
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫أل‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ز‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ن‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ح‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ز‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬
Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow;
He who would search for pearls, must dive below.
John Dryden, All for Love
‫إ‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ز‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ألا‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬2006.
‫م‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ألا‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ة‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬.
‫ق‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ن‬
‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬:‫ر‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬((‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬))‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬((‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬
‫ش‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ه‬))‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫و‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ة‬((‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬))‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬.

3. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
2
capital letters
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬
small letters
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬
capital letters
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬
small letters
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬
A a N n
B b O o
C c P p
D d Q q
E e R r
F f S s
G g T t
H h U u
I i V v
J j W w
K k X x
L l Y y
M m Z z
‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫س‬‫ّم‬‫ّم‬‫ى‬‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬a, e, i, o, u‫أ‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ص‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ة‬.‫أ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ف‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫س‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ة‬.
1. a
‫ُيُي‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬a‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬O(‫أ‬‫و‬‫و‬)‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
all ‫ك‬‫ل‬ water ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬
talk ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬ walk ‫ي‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ش‬‫ي‬
mall ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬‫ُت‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ّم‬‫ق‬ alternative ‫ب‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ل‬
stalk ‫س‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ت‬ tall ‫ط‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ل‬
ball ‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ة‬ install ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ص‬‫ب‬،‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬
call ‫ي‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫و‬ recall ‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ذ‬‫ك‬‫ر‬
2. c
‫ُيُي‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬c‫ك‬‫ـ‬(‫س‬)‫ف‬‫ق‬‫ط‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:e, i, y،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
centre ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ز‬ city ‫م‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ة‬ bicycle ‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ة‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫آ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ُيُي‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ك‬‫ـ‬(‫ك‬)،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
car ‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬ picnic ‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ه‬‫ة‬ electric ‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ي‬
3. g
‫ُيُي‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬g‫ك‬‫ـ‬(‫ج‬)‫ف‬‫ق‬‫ط‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:e, i, y،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
general ‫ع‬‫ا‬‫م‬ giant ‫ع‬‫م‬‫ال‬‫ق‬ gym ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬
‫ُي‬‫ُي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
girl ‫ف‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ة‬ get ‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ give ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ي‬ forget ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ى‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬g‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬e, i, y‫أ‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ُيُي‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ك‬‫ـ‬(‫ج‬)‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ج‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ص‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
garden ‫ح‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬ sing ‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ running ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ض‬
¯tzÖÃ;¯õÅÁÏ;English Alphabet;
ÕÊ¡Å;·]Ÿ�Ï;∫;’÷ ø;Pronunciation Rules;

4. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
3
4. g + n
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬n‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬g‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬g،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
sign ‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬ foreign ‫أ‬‫ج‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ reign ‫ح‬‫ك‬‫م‬
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
significance ‫أ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ significant ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫م‬ signature ‫ت‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ signal ‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬
5. k + n
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬n‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬k‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬k،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
knife ‫س‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ن‬ know ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ knight ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬
6. tu
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ة‬"‫ت‬‫ش‬"،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
future ‫م‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬ fortune ‫ث‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ة‬ picture ‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬
‫ُي‬‫ُي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
turn ‫ي‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬ return ‫ي‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫د‬ student ‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ turbulence ‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬
7. tion
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ب‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬"‫ش‬‫ن‬"،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
station ‫م‬‫ح‬‫ط‬‫ة‬ action ‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬ question ‫س‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬
8. sion
‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬sion‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬(‫ﭼ‬‫ن‬)‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ي‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
decision ‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ revision ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ع‬‫ة‬ occasion ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ة‬
‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬sion‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬(‫ش‬‫ن‬)‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ن‬:
profession ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ة‬ expression ‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ passion ‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ف‬‫ة‬
9. gh
‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ن‬gh‫ث‬‫ال‬‫ث‬‫ط‬‫ر‬‫ق‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬:
‫أ‬‫و‬‫ال‬
‫ًا‬
:‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬(‫ج‬)‫م‬‫ص‬‫ر‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
ghost ‫ش‬‫ب‬‫ح‬ ghetto ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ش‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ ghoul ‫غ‬‫و‬‫ل‬
‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
:‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬(‫ف‬)‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫آ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
cough ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ enough ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ف‬ laugh ‫ي‬‫ض‬‫ح‬‫ك‬
‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
:‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
right ‫ح‬‫ق‬ night ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ light ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ر‬،‫ض‬‫و‬‫ء‬
‫ك‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
high ‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬ through ‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ although ‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫غ‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ن‬
10.w + r
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬r‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬w‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬w،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
write ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ wrong ‫خ‬‫ط‬‫أ‬ wrist ‫م‬‫ع‬‫ص‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫د‬
11. sh, cie, cia, cio, cea, tie, tio, tia, xio, ssu
‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫م‬‫ا‬‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬(‫ش‬)،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
short ‫ق‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ ancient ‫ق‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫م‬ special ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬
precious ‫ث‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ن‬ ocean ‫م‬‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ط‬ patient ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ض‬
cautious ‫ح‬‫ذ‬‫ر‬ essential ‫ج‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ anxious ‫ق‬‫ل‬‫ق‬
sure ‫م‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ك‬‫د‬ confidential ‫س‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ financial ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬

5. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
4
12.th
‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬th‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬(‫ث‬)‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫آ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬r‫أ‬‫و‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬i،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
both ‫ك‬‫ال‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬ through ‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ل‬ think ‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ك‬‫ر‬
‫ُي‬‫ُي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬with‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬th‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬(‫ذ‬).
‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬th‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬(‫ذ‬)‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬.‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
this ‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬ father ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬ although ‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫غ‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ن‬
‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬،‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
1.‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬nouns:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫أ‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ن‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
house ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ل‬ Syria ‫س‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ Sami ‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ي‬
2.‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬pronouns:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ذ‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫و‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫د‬‫و‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ل‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
he ‫ه‬‫و‬ you ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ them ‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫م‬
3.‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ت‬adjectives:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫ح‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ق‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
a tall man ‫ر‬‫ج‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ a red shirt ‫ق‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ص‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫ر‬ a smart girl ‫ف‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ة‬‫ذ‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
4.‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬verbs:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ط‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ت‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
play ‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬ is ‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬ was ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬
5.‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ف‬adverbs:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫ح‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ق‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
He ran quickly. ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ض‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ة‬. I met him yesterday. ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ة‬.
6.‫ح‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ر‬prepositions:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ظ‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ى‬‫و‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬،
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
I sent the money to him. ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ه‬. The book is on the table. ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ة‬.
7.‫أ‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ف‬conjunctions:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬.‫و‬‫أ‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ث‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬:
for ‫أل‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ and ‫و‬ nor ‫و‬‫ال‬ because ‫أل‬‫ن‬‫ه‬
or ‫أ‬‫و‬ yet ‫إ‬‫ال‬‫أ‬‫ّنّن‬‫ه‬ so ‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬ whereas ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ا‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
Ruba and Sami ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ى‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ي‬ I felt pain, so I went to the doctor. ‫ش‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫أل‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ب‬.
8.‫ص‬‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ج‬‫ب‬interjections:‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫إ‬‫ح‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ئ‬.‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫د‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬
‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬.‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
Hello! ‫م‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ب‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
Oh! ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ش‬‫ة‬ Ah! ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ا‬
^›Êƒ;’“÷⁄]k;Parts of Speech;

6. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
5
subject
‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫د‬‫أ‬
verb
‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬
object
‫م‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ه‬
manner
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ل‬
place
‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬
time
‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬
I played football well at school last year.
‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ت‬ ‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫م‬ ‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬
‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬،‫ت‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬subject‫و‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬،‫ث‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬verb‫ث‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬
complement،‫و‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ًالًال‬‫ب‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ق‬.
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ن‬‫ق‬‫ط‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ًالًال‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫إ‬‫ال‬‫ف‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬.
1.‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:‫إ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ال‬‫م‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ق‬‫ط‬‫ة‬(.)‫أ‬‫و‬‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ّجّج‬‫ب‬(!)‫أ‬‫و‬‫إ‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ف‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫م‬(?).
Do people love money? Of course they do. ‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫؟‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ّبّب‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ه‬.
2.‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ألا‬‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ألا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ألا‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ر‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
Tom ‫ت‬‫و‬‫م‬ Hyde Park ‫ح‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫د‬ Mercury ‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫د‬ Aleppo ‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬
Syria ‫س‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ Everest Mountain ‫ج‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫إ‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ت‬ the Nile ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ل‬ Orontes ‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ص‬‫ي‬
English ‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ National Museum ‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ط‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ Arab ‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ Arabic ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬
3.‫ف‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ألا‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ش‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
New Year’s Day ‫ي‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ة‬ Ramadan ‫ش‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ن‬ January ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ألا‬‫و‬‫ل‬
Mother’s Day ‫ع‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ألا‬‫م‬ Friday ‫ي‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ة‬ February ‫ش‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ط‬
4.‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ج‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬Internet‫و‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬I‫و‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬Quran
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫آ‬‫ن‬.
î⁄]Ö;’ ]¡◊U‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫م‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ف‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ا‬:
I ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ we ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬
you ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫َا‬,‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ِق‬,‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬,‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫م‬,‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ن‬ they ‫ه‬‫م‬،‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬،‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ّم‬
he ‫ه‬‫و‬ she ‫ه‬‫ي‬
it ‫ه‬‫و‬/‫ه‬‫ي‬(‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ط‬‫ف‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ح‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ج‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ه‬)
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬:
I am Nour. I am a student. ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ّم‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ر‬.‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ة‬.
Samer lives in Damascus. He is a teacher. ‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ق‬.‫ه‬‫و‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ّرّر‬‫س‬.
Ruba is very smart. She speaks Spanish. ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ى‬‫ذ‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ّم‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
.‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬‫إلا‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ة‬.
Ahmed and Samer live here. They are friends. ‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ا‬.‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ي‬‫ن‬.
My brother and I play football. We love sport. ‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫م‬.‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ة‬.
Will you help me? You are a good boy. ‫ه‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫؟‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ب‬.
Our cat is cute. It is very young. ‫ق‬‫ط‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ة‬.‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
.
ŸiÌ;›âi}Å‹;¯tÖÃ;’“e3ÎZCapital Letters?
î⁄]Ö;’ ]¡◊;Subject Pronouns
dfiËÏ;°⁄÷Ï;Sentence Structure;

7. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
6
;
;
;
;
ê ]k;∏÷“ËÏU‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬:
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬
I ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ my ‫ل‬‫ي‬
he ‫ه‬‫و‬ his ‫ل‬‫ه‬
she ‫ه‬‫ي‬ her ‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬
it ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬ its ‫ل‬‫ه‬
we ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬ our ‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ا‬
you ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ your ‫ل‬‫ك‬‫َا‬،‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ِق‬،‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ا‬،‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬،‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ّم‬
they ‫ه‬‫م‬،‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬،‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ّم‬ their ‫ل‬‫ه‬‫م‬،‫ل‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬،‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ّم‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
I am a student. My name is Nour. ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ة‬.‫ا‬‫س‬‫ّم‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ر‬.
Samer lives in this street. That is his house. ‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬.‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ل‬‫ه‬.
Ruba is very polite. She always helps her mother. ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ؤ‬‫د‬‫ّم‬‫ب‬‫ة‬
‫ٌف‬
‫ج‬‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
.‫ه‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫م‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ت‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ا‬.
Ahmed and Samer play football in their school. ‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬.
My brother and I play football in our free time. ‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬.
Where is your brother? ‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫؟‬
î⁄]Ö;∏ ¬Êÿ;d„U‫و‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ل‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ُت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫م‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
‫إ‬‫ّمّم‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ر‬:
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ه‬
I ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ me ‫ي‬
he ‫ه‬‫و‬ him ‫ـ‬‫ه‬
she ‫ه‬‫ي‬ her ‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬
it ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬ it ‫ـ‬‫ه‬
we ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬ us ‫ـ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬
you ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ you ‫ـ‬‫ك‬
they ‫ه‬‫م‬،‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬،‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ّم‬ them ‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫م‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ه‬:
Sami has given me a flower. He loves me. ‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ة‬.‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ّبّب‬‫ن‬‫ي‬.
Rami is sick. I will visit him. ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ض‬.‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫أ‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ه‬.
Ruba is my student. I teach her English. ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ى‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ت‬‫ي‬.‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ع‬‫ّلّل‬‫م‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬.
Ahmed and Samer are very nice. I like them. ‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ر‬‫ل‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
.‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫ّب‬‫ّب‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬.
Our parents have sent money to us. ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ا‬.
ê ]k;∏÷“ËÏ;Possessive Adjectives;
î⁄]Ö;∏ ¬Êÿ;d„;Object Pronouns

8. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
7
î⁄]Ö;∏÷“ËÏU‫و‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ف‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬،‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬
I ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ mine ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ي‬
he ‫ه‬‫و‬ his ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ه‬
she ‫ه‬‫ي‬ hers ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬
it ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬ its ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ه‬
we ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬ ours ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ا‬
you ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ yours ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ك‬
they ‫ه‬‫م‬،‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬،‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ّم‬ theirs ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫م‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬:
I have bought this car. It is mine now. ‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ّيّي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫آلا‬‫ن‬.
He took my hand in his. ‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ه‬(‫ب‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ه‬).
His eyes met hers. ‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬.
They think that everything is theirs. ‫ه‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ء‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫م‬.
Their house is big, but ours is small. ‫م‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ر‬،‫و‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ا‬(‫م‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ا‬)‫ص‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬.
It is not my fault; it is yours. ‫إ‬‫ّنّن‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ئ‬‫ي‬،‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ت‬‫ك‬(‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ؤ‬‫ك‬‫َا‬).
’ï⁄]Ö;ˆ›¬“]àËÏU‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫إل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ش‬‫خ‬‫ًاّصّص‬
‫ًا‬
‫م‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬،‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫آ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫د‬:
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫الا‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ي‬
I ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ myself ‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ي‬
he ‫ه‬‫و‬ himself ‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬
she ‫ه‬‫ي‬ herself ‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫ا‬
it ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬ itself ‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬
we ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬ ourselves ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬
you ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬ yourself/yourselves ‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ك‬،‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫م‬
they ‫ه‬‫م‬،‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬،‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ّم‬ themselves ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫م‬
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫الا‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
I hurt myself by accident. ‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫أ‬.
Rami introduced himself to us. ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ّرّر‬‫ف‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ا‬.
Ruba herself made the cake. ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ى‬‫ب‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ص‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ك‬.
They are looking at themselves in the mirror. ‫ه‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ر‬‫آ‬‫ة‬.
We laughed at ourselves. ‫ض‬‫ح‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫ا‬
î⁄]Ö;∏÷“ËÏ;Possessive Pronouns
’ï⁄]Ö;ˆ›¬“]àË�Ï;Reflexive Pronouns

9. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
8
;
;
î⁄]Ö;¸å]ÑÎU‫ن‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫إلا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ل‬‫إل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ألا‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ء‬:
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫إلا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ألا‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫إلا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ألا‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬
this ‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬,‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬(‫م‬‫ع‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫د‬) that ‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬,‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ك‬(‫م‬‫ع‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫د‬)
these ‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬(‫م‬‫ع‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬) those ‫أ‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ئ‬‫ك‬,‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ك‬(‫م‬‫ع‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬)
‫ع‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫إلا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ه‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
•‫ن‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫أ‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫د‬is‫أ‬‫و‬was‫م‬‫ع‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫إلا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ة‬this‫و‬that.
•‫ن‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫أ‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬are‫أ‬‫و‬were‫م‬‫ع‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫إلا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬these‫و‬those.
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫إلا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬:
This is a pen. ‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ق‬‫ل‬‫م‬. That is a bird. ‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫ر‬.
These are pens. ‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ق‬‫ال‬‫م‬. Those are birds. ‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ت‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ر‬.
Saturday ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ت‬ Tuesday ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ال‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ء‬
Sunday ‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫د‬ Wednesday ‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ء‬
Monday ‫الا‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ن‬ Thursday ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫س‬
Friday ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ة‬
January ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ July ‫ت‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ز‬
February ‫ش‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ط‬ August ‫آ‬‫ب‬
March ‫آ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ September ‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ل‬
April ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ن‬ October ‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ألا‬‫و‬‫ل‬
May ‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ November ‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬
June ‫ح‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ن‬ December ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ألا‬‫و‬‫ل‬
î⁄]Ö;¸å]ÑÎ;Demonstrative Pronouns
^Á]‹;¯àeʃ;Days of the Week
^å‚Ö;’âfiÏ;Months of the Year

10. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
9
1 one 19 nineteen 37 thirty-seven
2 two 20 twenty 38 thirty-eight
3 three 21 twenty-one 39 thirty-nine
4 four 22 twenty-two 40 forty
5 five 23 twenty-three 41 forty-one
6 six 24 twenty-four 42 forty-two
7 seven 25 twenty-five 43 forty-three
8 eight 26 twenty-six 44 forty-four
9 nine 27 twenty-seven 45 forty-five
10 ten 28 twenty-eight 46 forty-six
11 eleven 29 twenty-nine 50 fifty
12 twelve 30 thirty 60 sixty
13 thirteen 31 thirty-one 70 seventy
14 fourteen 32 thirty-two 80 eighty
15 fifteen 33 thirty-three 90 ninety
16 sixteen 34 thirty-four 100 hundred
17 seventeen 35 thirty-five 1000 thousand
18 eighteen 36 thirty-six 1000000 million
the first ‫ألا‬‫و‬‫ل‬ the ninth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ع‬
the second ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ the tenth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ر‬
the third ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬ the twenty-first ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬
the fourth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ع‬ the twenty-second ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬
the fifth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫س‬ the twenty-third ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬
the sixth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬ the twenty-fourth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬
the seventh ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ع‬ the twenty-fifth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬
the eighth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ن‬ the twenty-sixth ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬
spring ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ summer ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ف‬
autumn / fall ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬ winter ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ء‬
¯¡ÅÄ;Cardinal Numbers
¯¡ÅÄ;’2hËeËÏ;Ordinal Numbers
’ ëÊÿ;¯Ñd¬Ï;Seasons of the Year

11. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
10
‫ل‬‫أل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ث‬‫ال‬‫ث‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ل‬،‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬present‫و‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬past‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬past
participle.‫و‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬ed‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬،
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
‫ي‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ش‬‫ي‬ walk ‫م‬‫ش‬‫ش‬‫ى‬ walked ‫ي‬‫ز‬‫و‬‫ر‬ visit ‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ visited
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ـ‬e‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ُنُن‬‫ض‬‫ي‬‫ف‬d‫ف‬‫ق‬‫ط‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ش‬ live ‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ﺵ‬‫َا‬ lived ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ use ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬ used
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬y‫و‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ن‬،‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ذ‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬y‫و‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ع‬ied،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
‫ي‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬ study ‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬ studied ‫ي‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫ل‬ carry ‫ح‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫َا‬ carried
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬y‫و‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ي‬،‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ع‬ed‫ف‬‫ق‬‫ط‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ذ‬‫ف‬y،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬ play ‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫َا‬ played ‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ى‬ stay ‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ stayed
Ÿ˜tæÏ:‫ي‬‫س‬‫ّمّم‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ـ‬base form،‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬.
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ه‬.‫ف‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ج‬.
BBAASSEE FFOORRMM ‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬ PPAASSTT SSIIMMPPLLEE ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ط‬ ‫ب‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ط‬ PPAASSTT PPAARRTTIICCIIPPLLEE ‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ظ‬ awake awoke awoken
‫ي‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫ل‬ bear bore born
‫ي‬‫ض‬‫ر‬‫ب‬،‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ beat beat beaten
‫ي‬‫ص‬‫ب‬‫ح‬ become became become
‫ي‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫أ‬ begin began begun
‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫خ‬،‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ب‬ blow blew blown
‫ي‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ر‬ break broke broken
‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ breed bred bred
‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ل‬‫ب‬،‫ُيُي‬‫ح‬‫ض‬‫ر‬ bring brought brought
‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ build built built
‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ buy bought bought
‫ي‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ك‬،‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ catch caught caught
‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ choose chose chosen
‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬ come came come
‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ف‬ cost cost cost
¯…¬]ÿ;¯à]àË�Ï;Verbs;
Õ]⁄Ï;d_·€;¯…¬]ÿ;’ç]ÇÎ;Irregular Verbs

12. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
11
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ط‬‫ع‬،‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ cut cut cut
‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ل‬ deal dealt dealt
‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ف‬‫ر‬ dig dug dug
‫ي‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬ do did done
‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫م‬ draw drew drawn
‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ drink drank drunk
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫د‬ drive drove driven
‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ك‬‫ل‬ eat ate eaten
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ق‬‫ط‬ fall fell fallen
‫ُيُي‬‫ط‬‫ع‬‫م‬ feed fed fed
‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ع‬‫ر‬ feel felt felt
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ل‬ fight fought fought
‫ي‬‫ج‬‫د‬ find found found
‫ي‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ر‬،‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ fly flew flown
‫ي‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ى‬ forget forgot forgotten
‫ُيُي‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ح‬ forgive forgave forgiven
‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ّم‬‫ّم‬‫د‬ freeze froze frozen
‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ get got got/ gotten
‫ُيُي‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ي‬ give gave given
‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬ go went gone/been
‫ي‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫و‬ grow grew grown
‫ي‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬ have had had
‫ي‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ع‬ hear heard heard
‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ف‬‫ي‬،‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ب‬‫أ‬ hide hid hidden
‫ي‬‫ض‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ hit hit hit
‫ي‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ك‬ hold held held
‫ي‬‫ؤ‬‫ذ‬‫ي‬،‫ي‬‫ؤ‬‫ل‬‫م‬ hurt hurt hurt
‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ظ‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬ keep kept kept
‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬ know knew known
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫د‬ lead led led
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ف‬‫ز‬ leap *leapt/leaped *leapt/leaped
‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬ learn *learnt/learned *learnt/learned
‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬،‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ر‬ leave left left
‫ُيُي‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫ض‬،‫ُيُي‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ر‬ lend lent lent
‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ك‬،‫ي‬‫د‬‫ع‬ let let let
‫ُيُي‬‫ش‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ light lit lit
‫ي‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ر‬ lose lost lost
‫ي‬‫ص‬‫ن‬‫ع‬ make made made
‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ mean meant meant

13. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
12
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ص‬‫د‬ meet met met
‫ي‬‫د‬‫ف‬‫ع‬ pay paid paid
‫ي‬‫ض‬‫ع‬ put put put
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ read read read
‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ن‬،‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ل‬ ring rang rung
‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ق‬،‫ي‬‫ظ‬‫ه‬‫ر‬ rise rose risen
‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ك‬‫ض‬ run ran run
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ل‬ say said said
‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ى‬ see saw seen
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ى‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ء‬ seek sought sought
‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ sell sold sold
‫ُيُي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ل‬ send sent sent
‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ق‬،‫ُيُي‬‫ش‬‫ع‬ shine shone shone
‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ر‬‫ق‬ sink sank sunk
‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ل‬‫س‬ sit sat sat
‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫م‬ sleep slept slept
‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ذ‬‫ر‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ض‬ sow sowed sown
‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬ speak spoke spoken
‫ُيُي‬‫م‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬،‫ي‬‫ص‬‫ر‬‫ف‬ spend spent spent
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ب‬،‫ُيُي‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ق‬ spill *spilt/spilled *spilt/spilled
‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ش‬‫ر‬ spread spread spread
‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ف‬،‫ي‬‫ح‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ل‬ stand stood stood
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫ق‬ steal stole stolen
‫ي‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ع‬ sting stung stung
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ح‬ swim swam swum
‫ي‬‫أ‬‫خ‬‫ذ‬ take took taken
‫ُيُي‬‫ع‬‫ّلّل‬‫م‬ teach taught taught
‫ُيُي‬‫خ‬‫ب‬‫ر‬ tell told told
‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ّكّك‬‫ر‬ think thought thought
‫ي‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ي‬ throw threw thrown
‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ه‬‫م‬ understand understood understood
‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ظ‬ wake woke woken
‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫س‬،‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫د‬‫ي‬ wear wore worn
‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ح‬ win won won
‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ write wrote written
*‫ال‬‫ح‬‫ظ‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ض‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ظ‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫آلا‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬.

14. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
13
‫ت‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ض‬‫ألا‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬.‫و‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
11II…¬◊ …¬◊;;’“ʇ ’“ʇ;;;;;;BBEE
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬past participle
I am
was
been
he
isshe
it
you
are werewe
they
‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ًالًال‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ًالًال‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫أل‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ال‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬،
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
 He is a student. ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬.  He student. ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬(‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬).
They were students. ‫ه‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ال‬‫ب‬. He was a student. ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
.
22II…¬◊ …¬◊;;∏÷” ∏÷”;;HHAAVVEE
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬past participle
he
has
had had
she
it
I
have
you
we
they
‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫أ‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫م‬perfect tenses.‫و‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ال‬
‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ًالًال‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫إ‬‫ال‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫أ‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫م‬.
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬:
He has a car. ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ّيّي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬. We have a car. ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ّيّي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
We had a car. ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬. They had a car. ‫ه‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ّيّي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
¯…¬]ÿ;∏â]¡ÅÎ;Auxiliary Verbs

15. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
14
33II¯…¬]ÿ ¯…¬]ÿ;;∏â]¡ÅÎ ∏â]¡ÅÎ;;’ç“÷ËÏ ’ç“÷ËÏ;;;;;;MMOODDAALL VVEERRBBSS
Modal Verbs ‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬
‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬
can ‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ could ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ع‬
will ‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬ would ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬
must ‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬ had to ‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ب‬
may ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ا‬ might ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬
should ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫غ‬‫ي‬ Ø
‫ت‬‫س‬‫ّم‬‫ّم‬‫ى‬‫ه‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ألا‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ًالًال‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬‫أل‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ُيُي‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ي‬،‫ب‬‫ل‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫إ‬‫ال‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ا‬.‫إ‬‫ال‬
‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ض‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ت‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬.‫و‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬
(‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬)‫و‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ن‬s‫أ‬‫و‬ing.‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
I can swim. ‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ة‬. He can swim. ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ة‬.
You must study. ‫ي‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬. He had to study. ‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ب‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ه‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬.
44II…¬◊ …¬◊;;’¬⁄◊ ’¬⁄◊;;DDOO
‫ض‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬ ‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ض‬‫ي‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫و‬‫ل‬past participle
he
does
did done
she
it
I
do
you
we
they
‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫آ‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬.‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
She does the washing on Tuesdays. ‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫غ‬‫س‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ال‬‫ب‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ال‬‫ث‬‫ا‬‫ء‬.
He does not speak Spanish. ‫ه‬‫و‬‫ال‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬‫إلا‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬.
They do not study well. ‫ه‬‫م‬‫ال‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫ي‬‫د‬.
She did not come yesterday. ‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ة‬.
We did not come yesterday. ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ة‬.

16. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
15
•‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ض‬‫ع‬not‫ب‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
He is a student.
‫ه‬‫و‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬.
He is not a student.
‫ه‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬.
They are students.
‫ه‬‫م‬‫ط‬‫ال‬‫ب‬.
They are not students.
‫ه‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ال‬‫ب‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
.
She has come home.
‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ل‬.
She has not come home.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ل‬.
They will go to Damascus.
‫ه‬‫م‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ق‬.
They will not go to Damascus.
‫ه‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫د‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫ق‬.
She can swim.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ة‬.
She cannot swim.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ط‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ة‬.
•‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إ‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ى‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ث‬‫ال‬‫ث‬‫ة‬/ do , does , did /‫و‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ق‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ل‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬(‫و‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ال‬
‫ًا‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
)‫و‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ًالًالّصّص‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ث‬‫ألا‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
We go to school every day.
‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫م‬.
We do not go to school every day.
‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫م‬.
She speaks English.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬.
She does not speak English.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬.
He has a car.
‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
He does not have a car.
‫ه‬‫و‬‫ال‬‫ي‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
She had a car.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ّيّي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
She did not have a car.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
êË∆Ï;’fi È;Negative Case;

17. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
16
•‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬
He will go.
‫ه‬‫و‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬.
Will he go?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫؟‬
He has come home.
‫ل‬‫ق‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ت‬.
Has he come home?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫ل‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫؟‬
She was happy.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ة‬.
Was she happy?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫؟‬
•‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ًالًال‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫م‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬/ do , does , did /‫و‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫ف‬‫ق‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
‫ل‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ل‬(‫و‬‫ال‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ص‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫ع‬‫ًالًال‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ًا‬
‫ًا‬
)‫و‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ف‬‫ًالًالّصّص‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ث‬
‫ألا‬‫ز‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
He goes to school every day.
‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫م‬.
Does he go to school every day?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ي‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ك‬‫ّلّل‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫م‬‫؟‬
She has a car.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
Does she have a car?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫؟‬
She had a car.
‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬.
Did she have a car?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫؟‬
Ÿ˜tæÏ;·]ŸÏU‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ك‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫ق‬،‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ض‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ئ‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ص‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬:
I you
we you
my / our your
me you
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
I speak English.
‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬.
Do you speak English?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ث‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫؟‬
We are happy.
‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ن‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ء‬.
Are you happy?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫؟‬
My hand hurts me.
‫ي‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ؤ‬‫مل‬‫ن‬‫ي‬.
Does your hand hurt you?
‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫د‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ؤ‬‫مل‬‫ك‬‫؟‬
êË∆Ï;’âıÿ;Interrogative Case

18. ‫ُت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ط‬‫ل‬‫ب‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ألا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫ج‬–‫ح‬‫ل‬‫ب‬–‫ش‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ن‬–‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ف‬2261560
‫ا‬‫مل‬‫د‬‫ّر‬‫ّر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫م‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫م‬–‫د‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫س‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ّص‬‫ّص‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ّيّي‬‫ز‬‫ة‬–‫م‬‫و‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ل‬0999126186
17
‫ت‬
‫ُت‬
‫ق‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ًا‬
‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ع‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬،‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ة‬.
11II^4]Ô ^4]Ô;;Ÿ¬ÅÂÄ Ÿ¬ÅÂÄÎÎ;;;;;;CCOOUUNNTTAABBLLEE NNOOUUNNSS;;
‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬:
•‫ي‬‫م‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ه‬‫ا‬:one apple , two apples , three apples ….. etc.
•‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬s‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ا‬،‫و‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬.
•‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫أ‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ر‬a / an:a man / an apple
êË]≈Ï;°⁄√;Ÿfl;¯4]Ô;∏¬ÅÂÄÎ;
‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ث‬‫ال‬‫ث‬‫ة‬‫ف‬‫أ‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ر‬،‫ي‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ا‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫أ‬‫ك‬‫ث‬‫ر‬،‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ال‬‫ت‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫د‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫إلا‬‫ن‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ز‬‫ي‬‫ة‬.
‫و‬‫ت‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫غ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ألا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ة‬s‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫مل‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫د‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
book ‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ب‬ books ‫ك‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ computer ‫ك‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ر‬ computers ‫ك‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
Â’“fl،‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ى‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫أ‬‫ح‬‫د‬‫ألا‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬ch, sh, o, s, x, z‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ع‬es،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
pitch ‫م‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬ pitches ‫م‬‫ال‬‫ع‬‫ب‬ dish ‫ص‬‫ح‬‫ن‬ dishes ‫ص‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ن‬
class ‫ص‬‫ف‬ classes ‫ص‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫ف‬ box ‫ص‬‫ن‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ق‬ boxes ‫ص‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ق‬
potato ‫ح‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ potatoes ‫ب‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ا‬ quiz ‫م‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ة‬ quizzes ‫م‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬
‫ُي‬‫ُي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
zoo ‫ح‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ّم‬‫ّم‬‫ة‬ zoos dynamo ‫م‬‫و‬‫ل‬‫د‬ dynamos
photo ‫ص‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ة‬ photos kilo ‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫و‬ kilos
radio ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫و‬ radios piano ‫ب‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫و‬ pianos
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ى‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ـ‬f‫أ‬‫و‬fe‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ذ‬‫ف‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ع‬ves،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
life ‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ة‬ lives thief ‫ل‬‫ص‬ thieves
knife ‫س‬‫ك‬‫ي‬‫ن‬ knives wife ‫ز‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫ة‬ wives
‫ُي‬‫ُي‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ث‬‫ن‬‫ى‬‫م‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ق‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ة‬:
roof ‫س‬‫ط‬‫ح‬ roofs belief ‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ت‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫د‬ beliefs
cliff ‫ج‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ص‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ cliffs chief ‫ر‬‫ئ‬‫ي‬‫س‬ chiefs
‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ى‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬y‫و‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ك‬‫ن‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ح‬‫ذ‬‫ف‬‫ه‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ع‬ies،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
story ‫ق‬‫ّصّص‬‫ة‬ stories city ‫م‬‫د‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ة‬ cities
jury ‫ه‬‫ي‬‫ئ‬‫ة‬‫ق‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ة‬ juries society ‫م‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫م‬‫ع‬ societies
‫أ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ه‬‫ى‬‫الا‬‫س‬‫م‬‫ب‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬y‫و‬‫ق‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ف‬‫ص‬‫و‬‫ت‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫إ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ض‬‫ع‬s‫ف‬‫ي‬‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ي‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ر‬،‫أ‬‫م‬‫ث‬‫ل‬‫ة‬:
toy ‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ب‬‫ة‬ toys boy ‫ص‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ boys
key ‫م‬‫ف‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ح‬ keys play ‫م‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ّيّي‬‫ة‬ plays
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