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MONEY & BANKING: State vs. Market ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MONEY & BANKING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
I. “Austrian” Economics Carl Menger (1840- 1921) Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851-1914) Ludwig von Mises (1881- 1973) Friedrich von Hayek (1899- 1992)
II. Origin of Money
A. Money Not  “Invented”
B. Carl Menger ’s Theory
III. The Value of Money
A. Difficulties Even though Menger, Jevons, and Walras had developed modern subjective value theory in the early 1870s to explain RELATIVE prices, economists still used an entirely different approach—a “macro” framework based on MV=PT—to explain ABSOLUTE money prices. They thought it would be a “circular argument” to use subjective value theory to explain the purchasing power of money.
B. Ludwig von Mises ’ Solution
IV. Banking
A. Two Functions of Banking ,[object Object],[object Object]
B. Goldsmiths and Fractional Reserve Banking (FRB)
C. Market Constraints on FRB
V. Gov’t Interventions FOR MORE:
A. Central Banking Establishment of a “central bank” as “lender of last resort” supposedly in order to stop financial panics. But many Austrian Economists argue that this removed obstacles to a coordinated inflation by the private banks.
B. Fiat Money Governments gradually monopolized the issue of bank-notes (through the central bank), but originally the notes were still tied to the market’s commodity money. Eventually all ties with gold and silver broken.
VI. Consequences of Government Intervention
A. (Hyper)inflation
B. Business Cycle

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