Canada's population has been growing exponentially over time. Exponential growth models use four key parameters: the original population (A0), the final population (A), the growth or decay rate (r), and the time period (t). The basic exponential growth function is A = A0ert, where A0 is the starting population, A is the final population, r is the growth rate, and t is the time period. This model can be used to understand how Canada's population has changed over time.