The document provides details on the rules and regulations of football, including: - The field of play dimensions and markings. - Ball specifications. - Team composition of 11 players maximum per side. - The referee's and linesmen's roles in enforcing rules. - Match duration, timeouts, and restart procedures. - Scoring a goal, offside rule, fouls, free kicks, penalty kicks, and throw-ins.

1. Practical Portfolio-Football
By Grace Rudman

2. Rules and Regulations of Football
There are 15 laws in total for football. Firstly Field of play. Field of play means playing on either
natural or artificial surfaces. The surface must be green and rectangular. There should be two lines
covering the width called the touchline, and two lines covering the length called the goal lines. There
is then a line running through the middle to identify the middle of the pitch. The second is the Ball.
The ball must be spherical and made of leather or something similar. It must also be 68-70cm in
circumference. There must also be a certain pressure inside of the ball. Then The number of players.
There are two teams playing during a game. On the pitch the team cannot contain anymore players
then 11. This is including the goalie. You are allowed seven players on the bench. Next the Referee
and linesmen. The referee ensures the rules of the game are being put into practice. The linesmen are
responsible for seeing if a player is onside or off and for letting players know who’s ball it is. The
duration of the match is 90 minutes, however it is played in two halves of 45 minutes. Half time
cannot be longer than 15 minutes, and in the ref stops play time will be added onto to make up for
time paused. The start and restart if play consists of kick-off at the beginning of the match or after a
goal is scored. If the ball goes beyond the lines, if a goal was scored or if the ref blows his whistle, this
means the Ball is out of play. The only method of scoring is the ball crosses the goal line. A player
can also causes an offence by being Offside. It is against the rules for a player to be in contact if they
are past the last defender of the opposing team. This stops players from being one on one with the
goalie. Players can also be singled out for Fouls or misconduct. There are a variety of ways a player
can cause a foul. A foul can cause if a player deliberately or undeliberately handles the ball or if
tackles and does not win the ball. Due to fouls occurring during a game Free kicks were introduced to
restart play. Only referees can award a free kick. There are two types of free kicks. Direct, where you
can have a shot on goal. And indirect, where you are not allowed to have a shot at goal. Penalty kicks
are awarded if a foul is committed inside the box. Here you are one on one with the goal keeper, and
are allowed a shot on goal. All other players must be outside of the box. Throw-ins arte also used to
restart play if the ball goes across the touch line, they must be thrown over head, and the players feet
must not leave the ground. However if the ball goes across the goal line, then a corner kick is
awarded instead. Here the ball is kicked in. Lastly a goal kick is used to restart play if a goal has not
been scored.

3. Scoring System for Football
In football the only way you can score is by scoring a goal. A goal is only scored when the
whole of the ball crosses over the goal line. (The goal line is found in between the goal posts
and underneath the crossbar.) However a goal can be disallowed if a law of the game was
broken before the team scored the goal.
The team with the most goals once the game has finished is the winning team. If both teams
have the same amount of goals then it means they drew. If no goals were scored in the game
by both teams it also means that they drew.
However when a competition needs a definite winner the three things that can be added is:
• Away goal rule;
• Extra time;
• Kicks from the penalty mark.
Goal line technology was added recently. This was put in place to help decide whether a goal
crossed the line
In a league, points are awarded for winning and drawing. However if you lose you receive
nothing. For a win your team will receive three points. For a draw you will receive one point.
In the league the goal difference is also shown. This shows how many goals the team has
scored or conceived. In the result of a team having the same points at the end of the league.
Goal difference will be used to decide the winner.

4. Football Scenario 1-Foul
Description: On the 23rd February 2008, an instant occurred in Arsenal game vs
Birmingham. Here Arsenal are on the attack, when Eduardo receives the ball. He
then begins to run however is then badly fouled by one of the defenders.
Rules that were broken: In this situation law 12 was broken. This is because the
Birmingham defender tackled the defender with excessive force. Law 12 says
‘These are many and varied, broadly speaking it is an offence to use excessive force
whilst playing the game either deliberately or undeliberately or to handle the ball
(unless you are a goal keeper). The referee may show the yellow card to caution
players for less serious offences and the red card for more serious offences
resulting in the player being sent off. Two yellow cards are equivalent to one red
card.’
The result taken: The referee gave the defender a red card which links to law 12.
This resulted in Birmingham falling to 10 men. A free kick was also awarded by the
referee.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dahv9rBiWAk

5. Football Scenario 2-Offside Rule
Description: Inter Milan vs Siena. Here a free kick had been awarded previously.
During the taking of the free kick, the opposing team begins to run forward, causing
for the team to become offside.
Rules that were broken: Law 11 was broken. This is because the teams players were in
the offside position, as they was not in line or behind the opposing teams defenders,
when the ball was played. Law 11 states. ‘It is an offence for a player to be in contact
with the ball when they are closer to the opponents' goal than both the ball and the
second-last opponent. The offside rule exists to ensure there are always opponents
(generally the goal keeper and a defender) between a player receiving the ball and
the goal. Without the offside rule, play can become boring with repeated long balls
being kicked to a player stood next to the goalkeeper for an easy goal.’
The result taken: The lines men flagged showing that the players where offside. The
referee then awarded a free kick where the law was broken.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFDw589suBY

6. Football scenario 3-Penalty
Description: Here is a game Arsenal vs Liverpool. Previously Liverpool was awarded a free
kick. When that free kick was taken the ball was deflected off of the Arsenal player.
Sending the ball out onto the wing. Eboue and Lucas then begin to run for the ball, when
Eboue pushes Lucas, causing him to fall inside the penalty box.
Rules that were broken: In this scenario, law 12 was broken. This is because Eboue used
force to bring the player down In the box. Law 12 says ‘These are many and varied,
broadly speaking it is an offence to use excessive force whilst playing the game either
deliberately or undeliberately or to handle the ball (unless you are a goal keeper). The
referee may show the yellow card to caution players for less serious offences and the red
card for more serious offences resulting in the player being sent off. Two yellow cards are
equivalent to one red card.’
The result taken: Liverpool was awarded a penalty by the referee. This is because the foul
was committed inside of the box. However Eboue was not issued a yellow or red card.
Instead he was given a warning for his actions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiWtoydTYN0

7. Skills and techniques of Football
Shooting
Control
Passing
Heading
Crossing

8. Dribbling in Football
Dribbling in sport involves running with the ball into a space or to outrun the defender. When you are
running with the ball it is important that you have control of the ball at all times. To have good control of
the ball it is important that you have good balance and steadiness. It is also important to look up whilst
running with the ball. This is because it allows for you to see if any defenders are coming towards you. As
well as to analyse where your team mates are.
When dribbling it is important that you use both the inside and outside of your foot. This keeps the ball
close to you, and allows for you to change direction easily. You must also take small touches. This allows
for the ball to stay close to the body.
Here Gareth Bale displays the perfect way of dribbling. This is because he uses both the outside and inside
of his foot. His body is also upright, which allows for
him to look at where he is going.
Here I am displaying dribbling. As you can see, I am using the
Outside of my foot. This gives me more control of the ball.
In the second picture I am using the outside of my foot.

9. Control in FootballControlling the ball in football is a important skill to have. This is because it
allows for you to get the ball under control. Which makes it easier for you to
move off. You can control the ball with many different ways:
• With your foot;
• With your thigh;
• With your head;
• And with your chest.
When controlling the ball, it is important that you come in line with the flight
of the ball. You must also make sure what part of your body you are going to
control it with. Once the ball comes near you, present what part of the body
you are going to control it with. You must get a large area behind the ball, as
this will take the impact away from it. It is also important that you relax
when you make contact with the ball. This will allow for the ball to fall to the
ground in front of you. It is important to have your arms out to the side. This
is because it allows for you to keep your balance.
As you can see here in the professional example, as he prepares he brings his
leg up towards the ball, to create a place for the ball to land.

10. Shooting in Football
Shooting in football is vital. It’s the way that teams win games.
When shooting it is important that you prepare, execute and
recover. The first thing you must do is get your body in line with
the ball. Then using the outside of your foot make contact with
the ball. Make sure middle of your foot makes contact the ball.
You should keeps your arms out to the same time. This is to give
stability and balance when executing the ball. To have the ball
raise in the air slightly, you should also lean back slightly.

11. Crossing in football
Crossing in football is an important skill to have. It allows for you to reach team mates on the wing or even through
to your strikers. There are certain things that you must make sure you do to achieve a good cross. These pointers
allow for you to cross the ball successfully:
• Lean back. This will allow for the ball to create height as you kick it;
• Bring your arms out to the side of you. This helps to give you balance as you strike the ball and recover;
• Look up as you make contact with the ball. this allows for you to know where you are about to kick the ball;
• When you make contact with the ball, you want to wrap your football around it. This should be done with the
inside of your foot;
• Your planted foot should be next to the ball;
• And make sure your hips are at the angle of the ball.
Here is an example of myself crossing the ball. In this example I used the cross bar of the goal as my player.

12. Heading in football is an important skill to have and is a necessary skill for all players. Heading is used in many different
situations. It is mainly seen during shooting or clearance from a defender. When heading there are many steps you should
follow:
• As you begin to jump it Is important that you keep your eye on the ball.
• You must also have your body in line with the flight of the ball.
• When performing a header, it is important to generate power. This should be done by: Bending the knees; keeping
your neck strong; when the ball comes towards you, you should push your body towards.
• It is also important to keep your arms out to the side or in front of you. This is to give you balance.
• When making contact with the ball, make sure you head it with your forehead. This should be in the middle of your
head.
• Keep your eyes pen and make sure you keep looking at the ball.
Heading in Football

13. Tactics in football
There are many different tactics that are used In football. One is Counter-attack. Counter-attack
means using the opponents desperation to score to your advantage. This means falling back into
your own half but keeping at least one person in the opponents half. The aim of counter attack is
to take the ball off of the opponent while they have players on the aim of attacking. By achieving
this it gives you more space and time to deliver a through ball. This tactic is seen as a risky tactic
but can deliver good results if executed properly.
The second tactic is Zonal defence. Zonal defence requires each defender and midfielder having a
specific area of space that they must cover when the opposition has the ball. The tactic is very
effective if carried out correctly. This is because it requires every player to keep up concentration
and not fall into other peoples zones. In this tactic the defensive line is very important. This is
because they help to exploit the offside rule. It also helps to prevent long-balls being played
through.
In football there are many different formations. The most basic and popular formation is 4-4-2.
This formation requires 4 defenders, 4 midfielders and 2 strikers. In 4-4-2 the real advantage is
having a extra player that can help the striker attack. This prevents having to wait for the midfield
to support. 4-4-2 also creates width across the pitch. This lets the two wing midfielders and the
two fullbacks carry the space on the width of the pitch. This allows to implement the offside rule
and attack and defend on the wings.

14. Match analysis-Arsenal 2-0 Manchester city
Arsenal defensive play: During this game, Arsenal’s defence
took time to get into the game. However by the first 15
minutes, arsenals defence had fallen into 4-1-4-1. This
allowed for players on the wing to get back quickly and help
defend. Arsenal’s defence was supported hugely by their
midfield. They always were back when Man City were on
the attack. This aloud for a strong and supported back four
to be in place.
Arsenals formation: Arsenals formation was 4-1-4-1. This
was a strong formation. This is because it allowed for
support to be available from the midfield for the defence
and strikers. Wenger had also placed the defence and
midfield so that they were not in a straight line, allowing for
the defence to push up and support.
Ospina passes to Giroud:
During the game it is became noticeable that Ospina was
focusing on his goal kicks at Giroud. It was noticeable that
all of Ospina’s kicks were successful and Giroud had a good
success rate, winning 70% of the kicks. This success rate was
a real help for Arsenals position. It helped gain the ball in
the opposite half which in the end helped to relieve the
pressure.
Later in the game: Wenger brought on Flamini late in the
game to replace a very tired Ramsey. A change was also
made replacing Sanchez for Gibbs. This then changed the
whole formation, causing for Arsenal to play 5-4-1. This
formation was not the greatest change, this is due to it
putting players out of their original position, which could
potentially cause confusion. However this change is usual
for Wenger and has been successful in older games.

15. Preparation-Me
1
2
3
4
1)
My eyes are looking
towards the ball and are
facing the way I am
going to send the ball.
This is to get accuracy
when crossing the ball.
2)
My arms are coming
across my upper body.
This is to generate
power whilst I am
running.
3)
My left foot Is planted,
this is so I can generate
power into the cross.
My right foot is slightly
raised to get ready to kick
the ball.
4)
My upper body Is slightly
tilted. This is to generate
power whilst running.

16. Preparation-Bale
1
2
4
3
1
2
4
3
1)
Bales eyes are looking
towards the ball and
the way he is sending
it. This is to get
accuracy when crossing
the ball.
2)
Bales arms are out
to the side of him.
This is to give him
balance and
stability when
crossing the ball.
3)
Bales left foot
Is planted to
the floor. This
is to generate
power into the
kick. Bales
right foot is
slightly raised
to generate
speed.
4)
Bales upper body
is slightly tilted
forward. This is to
generate power
into the cross

17. Comparison- Preparation
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
4
3
1
2
3
4
1
2
4
3
1)
My eyes are
looking
towards the
ball, and in
the same
direction that
I am going to
send the ball.
Similarly
Bales eyes
are looking
towards the
ball, and in
the same
direction he
is going to
send it.
2) My arms are coming across my body. This is to generate power. However Bales arms are
out to the side of him. This is to give stability and to give him balance.

18. Comparison- Preparation
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
4
3
1
2
3
4
1
2
4
3
3) My right
foot is fully
planted. This
is to generate
power.
Where as
Bales right
foot is more
upright. This
is so bale can
generate
power and
speed.
4) My upper body is slightly tilted forward. This is to generate speed. Similarly Bales
upper body is slightly tilted forward. This is to generate speed.

19. Execution
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
1) My eyes are looking
towards the direction
of where the ball is
being sent. This is so I
follow through with
the cross.
2)My arms are to the
left side of my upper
body. This is to give me
balance and stability.
3) My right foot is fully extended.
This is to generate power into the
ball. Also I kicked the ball with my
laces which gave the cross more
power.
4) My left foot is slightly
raised once my shot was
taken. This is put more
power into the ball. As
well as to follow through
with the cross.
5) My body, from my
shoulders to my hips
are slightly tilted
backwards. This is so I
can get under the ball,
and lift it.

20. Execution-Bale
5
1
3
4
5
1) Bales eyes are
looking towards the
direction he sent the
ball. This is to give
accuracy when
crossing the ball.
2) Bales arms out to
the side as well as
giving him balance
and stability after
striking.
3) Bales leg is fully extended, this is so he can put power into
the ball once shot. Also he kicked the ball with his laces
which generated power into the ball
4) Bales right foot
is fully planted.
This is to give him
stability and
balance when
striking the ball.
His left foot is also
fully extended.
5) Bales body from
his hips to his
shoulders are titled
over the ball. This
will make the ball
go lower, but still
leave the ground

21. Comparison-Execution
1
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1)My eyes are looking towards the ball.
This is to get accuracy and to see where
the ball is being placed. Similarly Bale is
looking towards the ball.
2) My arms are out to the side of my body. This is
to give me balance and stability. Similarly Bales
arms are out to the side.

22. Comparison-Execution
1
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
3/4) My leg is fully extended and my left is foot
is slightly planted. This gives me balance and
power. My extended leg is not very raised.
However bales leg is fully extended, but his
right foot is fully planted to the floor. Also Bales
extended leg is more raised.
5) My upper body from my hips to my
shoulders are leaning back slightly.
Where as bales upper body from his hips
to his shoulder are tilted towards the ball
more.

23. Recovery
1
2
3
4
1) My eyes are looking the
way I sent the ball.
2) my arms are our out
to the side of me. This is
so I have balance after
striking the ball and
allows my body to adjust
after the shot.
3) My body is upright and
quite straight. This Is so
my body can adjust to the
cross I had just took, as
well as so I can move on
quickly and make another
move.
4)
My feet are planted. This is so
I can keep balance. My left
foot is slightly upright. This is
so I can move on quickly to
receive the ball.

24. Recovery-Bale
1
2
3
4
1) Bales eyes are
looking the way he
sent the ball.
2) Bales arms are in
front of him and
down low. This is
so he can move on
quickly.
3) Bales body is tilted forward. This is so he can move on quickly to another
ball.
4) Bales foot is
planted as well as
to give him
stability and give
him balance. His
right foot is
slightly up right.
This is so he can
move on the ball
quickly.

25. Comparison-Recovery
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
1)My eyes
are looking
towards the
way I send
the ball.
Similarly
Bales eyes
are looking
towards the
way he sent
the ball
2) my arms are
our out to the
side of me. This is
so I have balance
after striking the
ball and allows
my body to adjust
after the shot.
Where as,
Bales arms are in
front of him and
down low. This is
so he can move
on quickly.
3) My body is upright and quite straight. This Is so my body can adjust to
the cross I had just took, as well as so I can move on quickly and make
another move.
Where as,
Bales body is tilted forward. This is so he can move on quickly to another
ball.
4) My feet
are planted.
This is so I
can keep
balance. My
left foot is
slightly
upright. This
is so I can
move on
quickly to
receive the
ball. Bales
foot is
planted as
well as to
give him
stability and
give him
balance. His
right foot is
slightly up
right. This is
so he can
move on the
ball quickly.

26. My Self Analysis
Skills 1 Excellent 2 Good 3 Average 4 Needs
improveme
nt
5 Poor
Pass
Cross
Shot
Tackling
Header
Control
Dribbling

27. Improvements Needed:
Pass: When looking ay my pass I looked at two factors: my technique and my accuracy. My technique was good. I used the
instep of my foot. This allowed for me to monitor how much power I give the ball. However I feel my accuracy of my passes
could have been better. This is because sometimes the ball was not going where I wanted it to go. To improve this for next
time I am going to work on this drill. This drill works specifically on my accuracy due to the cones being used as lines for
passes. This will as well as help improve my technique due to the change of situation and position. This will help me move
into the good section or even the excellent section.
Cross: When looking at my cross, both my technique and accuracy was very good. I used the crossbar as my target, which
gave me a good judgement on how much power I should give the ball. My technique was good. I used the in-step of my
foot, and to give the height I slightly lent back. My arms also came out to my side. This enabled me to have balance when
striking the ball. My recover was also good, and the ball hit the crossbar which showed that I hit my target.
Shot: My shot again was good. My technique was good. I again used my in-step when striking the ball. However I feel to
improve for next time I should practice using my laces. This will enable me to have more accuracy. I should also again lean
back slightly. This will enable the ball to come off of the ground. This would be a real benefit. This is because it would allow
me to kick into the left and right hand corners on the goal, which is a hard place for a goalie to save the ball.
Tackling: My tackling is pretty weak. I do not have a great win rate and I feel this is down to my technique. I am definitely
going to work on my tackling with a partner. I am firstly going to work on my technique and judgment for a block tackle.
This will enable for my performance in a game to improve and for me to move up on the chart.
Heading: When looking at my heading I look at two factors: Attacking and defensive headers. I feel that my defensive
headers are good. I clear the ball well and have a good win rate. However when it comes to attacking I feel that my headers
are not very accurate. This is because they do not usually hit the target. To work on this I will use a drill that focuses on
hitting specific targets that are hanging from the goal. This will help me
Control: My control is ok. It could be improved through some specific drills. I feel that my touch with my foot could be
improved. This is due to the ball always falling too far in front of me. To work on this I am going to work with a partner to
work on my control. They will work on throwing the ball to specific body parts.
Dribbling: My dribbling is pretty good. I keep the ball close to me and use both the in-step and outer side of my foot.
However I do need to work on my dribbling when under pressure. I often lose control of the ball which usually results in the
ball becoming lost.