https://youtube.com/watch?v=RbmhsyYsEuk&si=vFEHLXbKnV-VFURDhttps://youtu.be/gtxryoHbBrM?si=oCr9_KxMfHwQtvILhttps://youtu.be/kXUeBTvpa94?si=SL5Qyp1cfFLoTI1Udefine about prediction in simulationsPrediction in simulations refers to the process of estimating or forecasting the future behavior or outcomes of a system based on its current state and known dynamics. Simulations are often used to model complex systems, such as physical phenomena, economic systems, or social interactions, and prediction is a crucial aspect of understanding and analyzing these systems.
In simulation-based prediction, the behavior of the system is simulated over time using mathematical models, algorithms, or computer programs. The initial conditions of the system are defined, and the simulation progresses by iteratively updating the state of the system according to the specified rules and dynamics. By observing the simulated behavior, researchers can gain insights into how the system might evolve under different conditions or scenarios.
Predictions in simulations can take various forms depending on the nature of the system being modeled. They can involve estimating the future values of specific variables, such as the position of a particle in a physical simulation or the price of a stock in an economic model. Alternatively, predictions can involve forecasting the overall behavior or trends of the system, such as predicting the spread of a disease in an epidemiological simulation or the performance of a new product in a market simulation.
It's important to note that predictions in simulations are based on assumptions and simplifications made in the models. The accuracy of the predictions depends on the quality of the model, the accuracy of the input data, and the validity of the underlying assumptions. Simulations can be used to explore different scenarios and test the sensitivity of predictions to changes in parameters or initial conditions, helping to identify potential risks, optimize strategies, or guide decision-making.define about prediction in simulationDescribe the main elements of different reservoir dynamic simulation models.
Reservoir simulation models are often referred to by types of models:
· Black-oil
A black-oil simulator does not consider changes in composition of the hydrocarbons as the field is produced, beyond the solution or evolution of dissolved gas in oil, or vaporization or dropout of condensate from gas.
· Compositional
A compositional reservoir simulator calculates the PVT properties of oil and gas phases once they have been fitted to an equation of state (EOS), as a mixture of components. The simulator then uses the fitted EOS equation to dynamically track the movement of both phases and components in field. This is accomplished at increased cost in setup time, compute time, and computer memory.
· Thermal
Thermal simulators (most commonly used for heavy crude oil applications) add conservation of energy to this list, allowing temperatures t
دراسات خاصه.pptxhfkfvjfscjfvckvsibdubfxjydvkxejvyvdi
1. University of Benghazi
Faculty of Engineering & Petroleum-
Galo
Department of Petroleum
Engineering
Topic : Heat exchanger
Prepared by :
Hussein Ibraheem 1568
Salem Ben Ali 1567
Wessam saleh 1693
Abdussalam Khalifa 1566
Supervisor : Dr. Gaddafi Mansour
3. INTRODUCTION
Heat exchanger is a device which is used for transferring the
heat from one fluid to another through the separating wall.
The heat exchanger is mainly used in process industries.
In a chemical process is a heat balance must be calculated
through the addition or removal of heat by exchangers with
hot and cold process streams.
4. Purpose of Heat Exchanger
Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from
one medium to another.
These media may be a gas, liquid, or a
combination of both.
The media may be separated by a solid wall to
prevent mixing or may be in direct.
5. TYPES
• There are different types of heat exchangers:
1. Shell and tube heat exchanger.
2. Double pipe heat exchanger.
3. Plate type heat exchanger.
4. Finned tube heat exchanger.
6. SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGE
• These are most widely used types of heat exchanger.
The equipment consist of a number tubes enclosed in
a relatively closed fitting cylindrical shell.
8. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Capacity of tube cannot
be increased .
• Requires more space in
comparison to plate
cooler .
• Pressure drop across a
tubecooler is less.
• Less expensive as
compared to plate type
cooler.
9. DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER
• This is used particularly when the flow rates are low
and when the temperature range is relatively high. In
this type one fluid flows inside a pipe while a second
fluid either co current or countercurrent in the
annulus a large pipe and out sideof the inner pipe
carrying the fluid. The components of the heat unit
consist of concentric pipes connecting tees and return
bands.
11. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• The use of two single
flow areas leads to
relatively low flow rates
and moderate
temperature diff.
• can't be used in handling
dirty fluids.
• Verysimple to construct
& very easy of operation.
• U-type or hair pin
construction handle
differential thermal
expansions.
12. PLA
TE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER
• This is constructed by a series of corrugated parallel
plates held firmly together between frames. The heat
transfer surfaces consists of adjust place. Gaskets
connected to the plates help to fonn separate channels
for the two fluids.
14. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Initial cost is high since
titanium plates are
expansive.
• Finding leakage is
difficult since pressure
test is not as ease as tube
cooler.
• Simple and compact in
size.
• Can be easily cleaned.
• Heat transfer efficiency
1s more.
15. FINNEDTUBEHEATEXCHANGER
In case of heating air or gas where the heat transfer
coefficient are low the surface area can be increased by
the used of fines either in transverse or longitudinal
form.
Transverse finned tubes are used for cooling process
streams by air, longitudinal finned tube units are used
at high temperature and high pressure service where
heat transfer rates are low.
17. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Slurry fluid can not be
handled.
• High pressure drop.
• Deposition of particle at
fin corner.
• Use to handle low heat
transfer coefficient fluids
• Used for cooling and
heating of gasses.
18. APPLICATIONS
• Chemical and petrochemical
• Food industry
• Pharmaceutical industry
• Fertilizer industry
• Textile industry
• Power production
• Waste heat recovery
