The document discusses the goals and process of a preanaesthetic evaluation. The anaesthesiologist aims to optimize the patient's medical condition, assess fitness for anaesthesia, and identify any risks. They take a full medical history, examine the patient, and order relevant investigations. For higher risk patients, evaluation may involve multiple specialists and days of preparation. The anaesthesiologist discusses the planned anaesthetic with the patient and obtains consent. Premedication is sometimes used to reduce anxiety, secretions, nausea/vomiting, or enhance the effects of anaesthesia.
1) Acute tracheobronchitis is usually caused by viruses like influenza and parainfluenza. Bacterial factors like dust, smoke and chemicals can exacerbate it.
2) Symptoms include cough, sore throat, wheezing and difficulty breathing. Fever may be present from days 3-4.
3) Treatment is usually supportive. Bronchodilators and antibiotics if bacterial infection is present may be used.
The document discusses the goals and process of a preanaesthetic evaluation. The anaesthesiologist aims to optimize the patient's medical condition, assess fitness for anaesthesia, and identify any risks. They take a full medical history, examine the patient, and order relevant investigations. For higher risk patients, evaluation may involve multiple specialists and days of preparation. The anaesthesiologist discusses the planned anaesthetic with the patient and obtains consent. Premedication is sometimes used to reduce anxiety, secretions, nausea/vomiting, or enhance the effects of anaesthesia.
1) Acute tracheobronchitis is usually caused by viruses like influenza and parainfluenza. Bacterial factors like dust, smoke and chemicals can exacerbate it.
2) Symptoms include cough, sore throat, wheezing and difficulty breathing. Fever may be present from days 3-4.
3) Treatment is usually supportive. Bronchodilators and antibiotics if bacterial infection is present may be used.
Acute tracheobronchitis is usually caused by viruses like influenza. It involves inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi, leading to cough, sputum production, and difficulty breathing. Physical exam may reveal wheezing, rhonchi, or crackles on auscultation. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms like cough and fever. Antibiotics are generally not needed unless a bacterial infection is also present.
This document provides information about histamine and anti-histamines. It discusses how histamine is synthesized from the amino acid histidine and stored in mast cells and basophils. It is released in response to stimuli like allergens and causes effects through four main histamine receptors: H1, H2, H3, and H4. Anti-histamines work by blocking the H1 and H2 receptors. First generation anti-histamines are more sedating while second generation ones have less side effects. They are used to treat allergies, hives, and gastric disorders.
This document outlines a course on infectious diseases taught by Lecturer Abdullah Sahar. It covers 16 weekly topics on various infectious diseases like enteric fever, hepatitis, influenza, and more. It also dedicates several weeks to tuberculosis, discussing its history, classifications, forms, and treatments. The goal is to educate students on the definitions and transmission of infectious diseases, how pathogens cause illness, approaches to control diseases, and the emergence of new infectious agents.
Acute tracheobronchitis is usually caused by viruses like influenza. It involves inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi, leading to cough, sputum production, and difficulty breathing. Physical exam may reveal wheezing, rhonchi, or crackles on auscultation. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms like cough and fever. Antibiotics are generally not needed unless a bacterial infection is also present.
This document provides information about histamine and anti-histamines. It discusses how histamine is synthesized from the amino acid histidine and stored in mast cells and basophils. It is released in response to stimuli like allergens and causes effects through four main histamine receptors: H1, H2, H3, and H4. Anti-histamines work by blocking the H1 and H2 receptors. First generation anti-histamines are more sedating while second generation ones have less side effects. They are used to treat allergies, hives, and gastric disorders.
This document outlines a course on infectious diseases taught by Lecturer Abdullah Sahar. It covers 16 weekly topics on various infectious diseases like enteric fever, hepatitis, influenza, and more. It also dedicates several weeks to tuberculosis, discussing its history, classifications, forms, and treatments. The goal is to educate students on the definitions and transmission of infectious diseases, how pathogens cause illness, approaches to control diseases, and the emergence of new infectious agents.