This document outlines a proposed study on the evolution of forest policy processes and politics in Odisha, India. It discusses how forest governance and policies have transitioned over time, from a focus on commercial use under British rule to more recent policies emphasizing community participation, rights, and livelihoods. The study aims to understand this policy evolution by examining the role of institutions and actors, the link between policies and political factors, and the increasing emphasis on livelihood issues. Key research questions focus on the drivers of decentralization trends and the relationship between policy processes and political processes. The methodology will include analysis of policy documents and interviews with government officials and community members.
The document outlines a study on decentralized forest governance, institutions, and livelihood policies in Odisha, India. It discusses the background and objectives of the study, which aim to understand the evolution of forest policies in Odisha and how livelihood issues of forest dwellers were addressed. The methodology included secondary data analysis and primary research through interviews. Key findings were that Odisha's forest policies have recognized community rights but are still largely rationalist and bureaucratic. Livelihood issues gradually gained importance due to public demands. However, unclear policies and legal ambiguities remain challenges.
This document discusses a study on implementing an integrated forest management model in East Java, Indonesia by empowering local leadership forums. The study aims to establish better communication between local governments and Perhutani, a state-owned forestry corporation, to improve forest management. Currently, their lack of coordination has led to partial problem solving. The study uses legal and sociological research methods, including analyzing local laws and regulations, to develop recommendations for clarifying the role of local leadership forums in integrated forest management. The findings could inform revisions to Indonesia's forestry laws.
Different animal projects in india as launched by govt. of IndiaMeentu Prakash
The document discusses several animal conservation projects in India. It provides details about Project Elephant which aims to protect elephants, their habitats, and address conflicts with humans. It also discusses the Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project which seeks to establish a second population of Asiatic lions in Madhya Pradesh. Project Tiger and initiatives to conserve the greater one-horned rhinoceros in Assam are also summarized. Conservation of snow leopards and gharials are covered along with the objectives of Project Snow Leopard and the historical decline of gharial populations in India.
Evolution of community forestry regimes and decentralization of forest manage...CIFOR-ICRAF
The document summarizes research on the evolution of community forestry and decentralization of forest management in Babati District, Tanzania. It finds that over time, different forest management regimes have emerged in the area due to a combination of bureaucratic and socially embedded drivers of change. Centralization, deconcentration, devolution, and privatization processes have led to the development of state forest management, joint forest management, community-based forest management, and traditional forest management in the same area. However, traditional forest management regimes are gradually declining in importance.
Discuss the Changing discourses in policy arena and current status of Nepal.Amit Chaudhary
Changing Discourses in Forest Policy Arena and Current Status is a term paper presentation on forest policy, laws, and international conventions in Nepal. It discusses the historical shifts in Nepal's forest policy discourse from 1950 to present day across four periods: strict protection (1950-1975), resource creation for crisis management (1975-1986), participatory forestry (1986-2008), and broad-based global normative discourse (2008-onwards). The current status synthesizes these historical shifts and frames Nepal's forest policy with a focus on sustainable and participatory resource use, prosperity, and maintaining forest cover through cooperation across stakeholders.
CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC: evidence, capacity building and engagementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presents findings from three studies in Indonesia on social forestry, in Laos on REDD+, and in Vietnam on swidden agriculture.
The presentation was given at the ASFN Annual meeting in Palawan in June 2016.
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World CongressJosique Lorenzo Lemire
Presentation by Josique Lorenzo at the IUFRO World Congress in Salt Lake City, USA, October 7th 2014.
Session 26. International to local forest governance: taking stock of political theories, methodologies and research findings
Organizers: Lukas Giessen (University of Goettingen, Germany), Bas Arts (Wageningen University, Netherlands), Florian Kraxner (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria) & Constance McDermott (University of Oxford, UK)
This session aims at taking stock of innovative theoretical, methodological and empirical achievements in forest governance research, from the local to the global level.
Abstract. A Model Forest is a landscape-level approach focused on people working together voluntarily in partnership towards a common vision of the human sustainable development of a large territory in which forest ecosystems play an important role. In the Ibero-American region, there are currently 29 Model Forests in 15 countries, which means that the approach is having a potential impact on the management of over 30 million hectares and on more than 6 million people. The emphasis is usually placed on environmental and economic benefits, whereas this research examines the main social and political impacts which emerge from the analysis of the reports submitted by the Model Forests to the regional network secretariat during the last decade and the data collected through interviews and monitoring activities. The study indicates that Model Forests constitute effective platforms for the application of international agreements, public policies and State programs at the local level, and that they are able to influence decision-makers through advocacy. The paper reviews the success stories of several Model Forests in this regard. Finally, even though the Model Forests process is still at its early stages, the study shows how it can drive long-term sustainability and social change in the communities.
The document outlines a study on decentralized forest governance, institutions, and livelihood policies in Odisha, India. It discusses the background and objectives of the study, which aim to understand the evolution of forest policies in Odisha and how livelihood issues of forest dwellers were addressed. The methodology included secondary data analysis and primary research through interviews. Key findings were that Odisha's forest policies have recognized community rights but are still largely rationalist and bureaucratic. Livelihood issues gradually gained importance due to public demands. However, unclear policies and legal ambiguities remain challenges.
This document discusses a study on implementing an integrated forest management model in East Java, Indonesia by empowering local leadership forums. The study aims to establish better communication between local governments and Perhutani, a state-owned forestry corporation, to improve forest management. Currently, their lack of coordination has led to partial problem solving. The study uses legal and sociological research methods, including analyzing local laws and regulations, to develop recommendations for clarifying the role of local leadership forums in integrated forest management. The findings could inform revisions to Indonesia's forestry laws.
Different animal projects in india as launched by govt. of IndiaMeentu Prakash
The document discusses several animal conservation projects in India. It provides details about Project Elephant which aims to protect elephants, their habitats, and address conflicts with humans. It also discusses the Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project which seeks to establish a second population of Asiatic lions in Madhya Pradesh. Project Tiger and initiatives to conserve the greater one-horned rhinoceros in Assam are also summarized. Conservation of snow leopards and gharials are covered along with the objectives of Project Snow Leopard and the historical decline of gharial populations in India.
Evolution of community forestry regimes and decentralization of forest manage...CIFOR-ICRAF
The document summarizes research on the evolution of community forestry and decentralization of forest management in Babati District, Tanzania. It finds that over time, different forest management regimes have emerged in the area due to a combination of bureaucratic and socially embedded drivers of change. Centralization, deconcentration, devolution, and privatization processes have led to the development of state forest management, joint forest management, community-based forest management, and traditional forest management in the same area. However, traditional forest management regimes are gradually declining in importance.
Discuss the Changing discourses in policy arena and current status of Nepal.Amit Chaudhary
Changing Discourses in Forest Policy Arena and Current Status is a term paper presentation on forest policy, laws, and international conventions in Nepal. It discusses the historical shifts in Nepal's forest policy discourse from 1950 to present day across four periods: strict protection (1950-1975), resource creation for crisis management (1975-1986), participatory forestry (1986-2008), and broad-based global normative discourse (2008-onwards). The current status synthesizes these historical shifts and frames Nepal's forest policy with a focus on sustainable and participatory resource use, prosperity, and maintaining forest cover through cooperation across stakeholders.
CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC: evidence, capacity building and engagementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presents findings from three studies in Indonesia on social forestry, in Laos on REDD+, and in Vietnam on swidden agriculture.
The presentation was given at the ASFN Annual meeting in Palawan in June 2016.
Model Forests, Social and political impacts, by Josique, IUFRO World CongressJosique Lorenzo Lemire
Presentation by Josique Lorenzo at the IUFRO World Congress in Salt Lake City, USA, October 7th 2014.
Session 26. International to local forest governance: taking stock of political theories, methodologies and research findings
Organizers: Lukas Giessen (University of Goettingen, Germany), Bas Arts (Wageningen University, Netherlands), Florian Kraxner (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria) & Constance McDermott (University of Oxford, UK)
This session aims at taking stock of innovative theoretical, methodological and empirical achievements in forest governance research, from the local to the global level.
Abstract. A Model Forest is a landscape-level approach focused on people working together voluntarily in partnership towards a common vision of the human sustainable development of a large territory in which forest ecosystems play an important role. In the Ibero-American region, there are currently 29 Model Forests in 15 countries, which means that the approach is having a potential impact on the management of over 30 million hectares and on more than 6 million people. The emphasis is usually placed on environmental and economic benefits, whereas this research examines the main social and political impacts which emerge from the analysis of the reports submitted by the Model Forests to the regional network secretariat during the last decade and the data collected through interviews and monitoring activities. The study indicates that Model Forests constitute effective platforms for the application of international agreements, public policies and State programs at the local level, and that they are able to influence decision-makers through advocacy. The paper reviews the success stories of several Model Forests in this regard. Finally, even though the Model Forests process is still at its early stages, the study shows how it can drive long-term sustainability and social change in the communities.
This poster was presented by Bimbika Sijapati Basnett (CIFOR) for the pre-Annual Scientific Conference meeting organized for the CGIAR research program gender research coordinators on 4 December.
The annual scientific conference of the CGIAR collaborative platform for gender research took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Gender quality and social inclusion in the CGIAR Research Program on Forests,...CGIAR
This poster was presented by Marlene Elias (Bioversity International), as part of the Gender Research Coordinators' meeting (4 December 2017), related to Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
The document summarizes a workshop on institutions for ecosystem services that took place from October 27-29, 2014. The workshop objectives were to encourage sharing of research on links between institutions and ecosystem services, synthesize lessons about institutional arrangements needed to ensure ecosystem service projects deliver benefits, and identify policies to strengthen supporting institutions. It provided background on ecosystem services and discussed topics like the importance of institutions at multiple scales, challenges around time lags and spatial disconnects between ecosystem service production and use, and lessons that can be learned from other research and cases.
“Counting” the cost of policy inconsistency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses policy inconsistency in Nigeria's privatization policy from 1999-2007. It begins with an introduction to public policy and privatization. The objectives of the study are then outlined as: 1) reviewing privatization policy inconsistencies during this period, 2) examining the consequences of frequent policy changes, 3) evaluating factors causing changes, and 4) making recommendations. Related literature defines key terms like policy, public policy, and privatization. It also outlines the stages of the policy process. The document aims to analyze inconsistencies in Nigeria's privatization policy and suggest improvements.
“Counting” the cost of policy inconsistency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses policy inconsistency in Nigeria's privatization policy from 1999-2007. It begins with an introduction to public policy and privatization. The objectives of the study are then outlined as: 1) reviewing privatization policy inconsistencies during this period, 2) examining the consequences of frequent policy changes, 3) evaluating factors causing changes, and 4) making recommendations. Related literature defines key terms like policy, public policy, and privatization. It also outlines the stages of the policy process. The document aims to analyze inconsistencies in Nigeria's privatization policy and suggest improvements.
“Counting” the cost of policy inconsistency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses policy inconsistency in Nigeria's privatization policy from 1999-2007. It begins with an introduction to public policy and privatization. The objectives of the study are then outlined as: 1) reviewing privatization policy inconsistencies during this period, 2) examining the consequences of frequent policy changes, 3) evaluating factors causing changes, and 4) making recommendations. Related literature defines key terms like policy, public policy, and privatization. It also outlines the stages of the policy process. The document aims to analyze inconsistencies in Nigeria's privatization policy and suggest improvements.
Mediation Role of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on t...IOSR Journals
In government governance of Regency and City in East Java, Region Head is assisted by local instruments that are accommodated in secretariats and Local Government Task Force/ Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (LGTF/SKPD). LGTF as the assistant of local region head becomes important phenomenon to be explored due to the mediation role of transformational leadership and organizational culture toward the relationship between organizational politic and strategy implementation. This research is aimed to examine and describe (1) the mediation role of transformational leadership toward through organizational politic toward organizational culture, (2) the mediation role organizational culture on the effect of organizational politic toward strategy implementation, (3) the mediation role of transformational leadership on the effect of organizational politic toward strategy implementation, and (4) the mediation role of organizational culture on the effect of transformational leadership toward strategy implementation, and (5) the mediation role of transformational leadership and organizational culture on the effect of organizational politic toward strategy implementation. The populations of this research are those LGFTs in the form of Departments, Institutions, or Offices in Regencies/Cities at East Java Province; there are 936 LGTFs. The sample is 150 LGTFs that are taken using multi-stage sampling technique. This research reveals that: (1) there is the mediation role of transformational leadership on the relationship between organizational politic and organizational culture, (2) there is no mediation role of transformational leadership on the relationship between organizational politic and strategy implementation, (3) there is no mediation role of organizational culture on the relationship between organizational politic and strategy implantation, (4) there is mediation role of organizational culture on the relationship between transformational leadership and strategy implementation, and (5) there is mediation role of transformational leadership and organizational culture on the relationship between organizational culture and strategy implementation.
The article examines research on workforce diversity in public administration journals since 2000 in response to a call for more rigorous research. It finds that while diversity issues remain important, usable knowledge for practitioners is still lacking. Many studies focus on representative bureaucracy rather than testing relationships between diversity and outcomes. Empirical research suffers from weak data and methods, and explains diversity factors beyond managerial control. More innovation is needed to establish empirical connections between diversity and organizational performance.
Participatory forest management system in urban forests in Kenya- A case of N...Innspub Net
Participatory forest management is a system where community is involved in management of forest. Studies on participatory forest management have majorly focused on forests in rural areas. Since its adoption in Kenya in 2007, it has been scantily documented how the system has been implemented in the urban forests. This study aims to explore how the system has been implemented in the urban forests in regards to institutional arrangement, roles and activities of the community. The study was done in Ngong Road forest in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Collection of data was done through questionnaires; review of forest reports and interviews and analyzed using frequencies and cross tabulation. It was found out that the membership Ngong Road forest association was constituted by heterogeneous membership of individual members from the community, NGOs and corporate organization. It was further found out that the community members come from two economic extremes of affluence and less affluence resulting to diverse forest conservation and activities. It was further noted that forest association plays a key role in implementing forest conservation activities. The study recommends that state should put mechanism to fund forest association. It is further recommended that in planning for forest management, the uniqueness of the forest and the surrounding community should be take into consideration.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectJournal of EnviroAlleneMcclendon878
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Environmental Management
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jenvman
Research article
Climate change and the provision of biodiversity in public temperate forests
– A mechanism design approach for the implementation of biodiversity
conservation policies
Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik∗, Rasoul Yousefpour, Marc Hanewinkel
Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Forest biodiversity
Mechanism design
Forest optimization
Conservation planning
Forest birds
A B S T R A C T
The provision of forest biodiversity remains a major challenge in the management of forest resources.
Biodiversity is mostly considered a public good and the fact that societal benefits from biodiversity are private
information, hinders its supply at adequate levels. Here we investigate how the government, as a forest owner,
may increase the biodiversity supply in publicly-owned forests. We employ a mechanism design approach to find
the biodiversity provision choices, which take into account agents’ strategic behavior and values towards bio-
diversity. We applied our framework to a forest landscape in Southwestern Germany, using forest birds as
biodiversity indicators and evaluating the impacts of climate change on forest dynamics and on the costs of
biodiversity provision. Our results show that climate change has important implications to the opportunity cost
of biodiversity and the provision levels (ranging from 10 to 12.5% increase of the bird indicator abundance). In
general, biodiversity valuations needed to surpass the opportunity cost by more than 18% to cope with the
private information held by the agents. Moreover, higher costs under more intense climate change (e.g.
Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) reduced the attainable bird abundance increase from 12.5 to 10%.
We conclude that mechanism design may provide key information for planning conservation policies and
identify conditions for a successful implementation of biodiversity-oriented forest management.
1. Introduction
The provision of biodiversity remains a major challenge in the
management of forest resources. Biodiversity has been continuously
declining worldwide during the past decades, despite its recognized
importance to human well-being, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem
resistance and resilience under climate change (Díaz et al., 2006; Isbell
et al., 2015; Tilman et al., 2014). A main constraint to the im-
plementation of biodiversity conservation strategies is the fact that
biodiversity is mostly considered a public good, and in the absence of
markets or policy mechanisms to promote its provision, there are in-
centives for free riding and undersupply. One option to tackle this issue,
is to enhance biodiversity goals in public forests. The government, as a
forest owner and aiming to promote an efficient use of forest resou ...
This document summarizes a study that used qualitative methods to investigate how knowledge functioned in the implementation of an Australian mental health policy called Partners in Recovery (PIR). The study found that the policy aimed to address coordination problems in the fragmented mental health system and the needs of those with complex mental health issues. It did so through establishing support facilitator roles to coordinate services at a local level. The analysis revealed that while the policy aimed for coordination through these roles, implementation in reality relied on embodied knowledge as facilitators enacted the policy based on their experiences. Challenges arose from how knowledge became localized within individuals and how some types of knowledge were structurally valued over others.
Co-management and Operations Strategy at the Whitefeather ForestLindsay Addie
The document provides an analysis of co-management of natural resources as it relates to the Whitefeather Forest Initiative (WFI) in Ontario, Canada. It discusses literature on co-management principles and the adaptive management theory. It then summarizes the history and operations strategy of the WFI, which was established in 1996 through a partnership between the Pikangikum First Nation and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. The operations strategy involves managing the forest for ecological, cultural, recreation and resource purposes. Finally, it concludes that the WFI has effectively applied co-management principles due to early and thorough planning, meaningful dialogue between partners, and effective use of knowledge through a customized database.
This document summarizes a study on the Panchayati Raj Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act and the functioning of panchayats in tribal areas of Odisha, India. The study reviewed the evolution of panchayats in tribal areas over time and examined two tribal panchayats to understand how the PESA Act has impacted their functioning. Key findings include that while the PESA Act aimed to empower tribal communities, many of its provisions have not been fully implemented. Gram sabhas are not functioning effectively and the role of panchayats remains ambiguous. Traditional tribal institutions are also not being integrated fully. In conclusion, while the PESA Act aimed to promote self-
Introduction to the public health policy process the role of evidence in pol...TekabeAhmed
This document provides an outline and introduction to concepts related to public health policy and the role of evidence in policymaking. It discusses definitions of policy and the policy process, highlighting that policymaking involves political and value-based decisions between alternatives. The document also presents different frameworks for understanding the relationship between research and policy, including rationalist, strategic, interactive, and enlightenment models. Overall, it aims to set the stage for a discussion of how evidence can inform public health policymaking.
This document summarizes a study on gender mainstreaming in forest governance in Asia. The study analyzed policies and practices in Nepal, Thailand, and the Philippines. It found that while all three countries have adopted policies on gender equality and gender mainstreaming, Nepal has progressed the furthest in implementation. True gender mainstreaming requires going beyond just integrating women, to genuinely empowering women. It also requires addressing operational activities in addition to just institutional activities. Overcoming challenges requires making gender mainstreaming more transformative by conducting nuanced gender analysis and developing gender-sensitive staff.
Day 1- afternoon session: Joe Mockshell and Regina Birner- University of Hohenheim: “Understanding the policy process and landscape through discourse analysis.”
Workshop on Approaches and Methods for Policy Process Research, co-sponsored by the CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) and Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) at IFPRI-Washington DC, November 18-20, 2013.
This document provides an overview of customary land tenure practices among ethnic groups in Laos. It discusses the cultural and linguistic diversity in Laos and how customary arrangements vary between groups but generally involve communal management of land and resources. Customary systems balance individual and collective land rights and are flexible to adapt to environmental and social changes. While state policies have impacted traditions, customary practices still govern social relationships and land management.
This document provides an overview of customary land tenure practices among ethnic groups in Laos. It discusses the cultural and linguistic diversity in Laos and how customary arrangements vary between groups but generally involve communal management of land and resources. Customary systems balance individual and collective land rights according to local conditions. While state policies have impacted traditions, customary practices still govern social relations and land management. Recognition of diverse customary systems is important for protecting livelihoods and culture.
This document provides an overview of customary land tenure practices among ethnic groups in Laos. It discusses the cultural and linguistic diversity in Laos and how customary arrangements vary between groups but generally involve communal management of land and resources. Customary systems balance individual and collective land rights according to local conditions. While state policies have impacted traditions, customary practices still govern social relations and land management. Recognition of diverse customary systems is important for protecting livelihoods and culture.
Presentation at the 5th Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture.
Title: Mainstreaming Climate Smart Agriculture into a regional policy in a fast-track formulation process: lessons from the Centro American Region
Speaker: JF Le Coq
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
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This poster was presented by Bimbika Sijapati Basnett (CIFOR) for the pre-Annual Scientific Conference meeting organized for the CGIAR research program gender research coordinators on 4 December.
The annual scientific conference of the CGIAR collaborative platform for gender research took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Gender quality and social inclusion in the CGIAR Research Program on Forests,...CGIAR
This poster was presented by Marlene Elias (Bioversity International), as part of the Gender Research Coordinators' meeting (4 December 2017), related to Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
The document summarizes a workshop on institutions for ecosystem services that took place from October 27-29, 2014. The workshop objectives were to encourage sharing of research on links between institutions and ecosystem services, synthesize lessons about institutional arrangements needed to ensure ecosystem service projects deliver benefits, and identify policies to strengthen supporting institutions. It provided background on ecosystem services and discussed topics like the importance of institutions at multiple scales, challenges around time lags and spatial disconnects between ecosystem service production and use, and lessons that can be learned from other research and cases.
“Counting” the cost of policy inconsistency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses policy inconsistency in Nigeria's privatization policy from 1999-2007. It begins with an introduction to public policy and privatization. The objectives of the study are then outlined as: 1) reviewing privatization policy inconsistencies during this period, 2) examining the consequences of frequent policy changes, 3) evaluating factors causing changes, and 4) making recommendations. Related literature defines key terms like policy, public policy, and privatization. It also outlines the stages of the policy process. The document aims to analyze inconsistencies in Nigeria's privatization policy and suggest improvements.
“Counting” the cost of policy inconsistency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses policy inconsistency in Nigeria's privatization policy from 1999-2007. It begins with an introduction to public policy and privatization. The objectives of the study are then outlined as: 1) reviewing privatization policy inconsistencies during this period, 2) examining the consequences of frequent policy changes, 3) evaluating factors causing changes, and 4) making recommendations. Related literature defines key terms like policy, public policy, and privatization. It also outlines the stages of the policy process. The document aims to analyze inconsistencies in Nigeria's privatization policy and suggest improvements.
“Counting” the cost of policy inconsistency in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses policy inconsistency in Nigeria's privatization policy from 1999-2007. It begins with an introduction to public policy and privatization. The objectives of the study are then outlined as: 1) reviewing privatization policy inconsistencies during this period, 2) examining the consequences of frequent policy changes, 3) evaluating factors causing changes, and 4) making recommendations. Related literature defines key terms like policy, public policy, and privatization. It also outlines the stages of the policy process. The document aims to analyze inconsistencies in Nigeria's privatization policy and suggest improvements.
Mediation Role of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on t...IOSR Journals
In government governance of Regency and City in East Java, Region Head is assisted by local instruments that are accommodated in secretariats and Local Government Task Force/ Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (LGTF/SKPD). LGTF as the assistant of local region head becomes important phenomenon to be explored due to the mediation role of transformational leadership and organizational culture toward the relationship between organizational politic and strategy implementation. This research is aimed to examine and describe (1) the mediation role of transformational leadership toward through organizational politic toward organizational culture, (2) the mediation role organizational culture on the effect of organizational politic toward strategy implementation, (3) the mediation role of transformational leadership on the effect of organizational politic toward strategy implementation, and (4) the mediation role of organizational culture on the effect of transformational leadership toward strategy implementation, and (5) the mediation role of transformational leadership and organizational culture on the effect of organizational politic toward strategy implementation. The populations of this research are those LGFTs in the form of Departments, Institutions, or Offices in Regencies/Cities at East Java Province; there are 936 LGTFs. The sample is 150 LGTFs that are taken using multi-stage sampling technique. This research reveals that: (1) there is the mediation role of transformational leadership on the relationship between organizational politic and organizational culture, (2) there is no mediation role of transformational leadership on the relationship between organizational politic and strategy implementation, (3) there is no mediation role of organizational culture on the relationship between organizational politic and strategy implantation, (4) there is mediation role of organizational culture on the relationship between transformational leadership and strategy implementation, and (5) there is mediation role of transformational leadership and organizational culture on the relationship between organizational culture and strategy implementation.
The article examines research on workforce diversity in public administration journals since 2000 in response to a call for more rigorous research. It finds that while diversity issues remain important, usable knowledge for practitioners is still lacking. Many studies focus on representative bureaucracy rather than testing relationships between diversity and outcomes. Empirical research suffers from weak data and methods, and explains diversity factors beyond managerial control. More innovation is needed to establish empirical connections between diversity and organizational performance.
Participatory forest management system in urban forests in Kenya- A case of N...Innspub Net
Participatory forest management is a system where community is involved in management of forest. Studies on participatory forest management have majorly focused on forests in rural areas. Since its adoption in Kenya in 2007, it has been scantily documented how the system has been implemented in the urban forests. This study aims to explore how the system has been implemented in the urban forests in regards to institutional arrangement, roles and activities of the community. The study was done in Ngong Road forest in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Collection of data was done through questionnaires; review of forest reports and interviews and analyzed using frequencies and cross tabulation. It was found out that the membership Ngong Road forest association was constituted by heterogeneous membership of individual members from the community, NGOs and corporate organization. It was further found out that the community members come from two economic extremes of affluence and less affluence resulting to diverse forest conservation and activities. It was further noted that forest association plays a key role in implementing forest conservation activities. The study recommends that state should put mechanism to fund forest association. It is further recommended that in planning for forest management, the uniqueness of the forest and the surrounding community should be take into consideration.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectJournal of EnviroAlleneMcclendon878
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Environmental Management
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jenvman
Research article
Climate change and the provision of biodiversity in public temperate forests
– A mechanism design approach for the implementation of biodiversity
conservation policies
Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik∗, Rasoul Yousefpour, Marc Hanewinkel
Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Forest biodiversity
Mechanism design
Forest optimization
Conservation planning
Forest birds
A B S T R A C T
The provision of forest biodiversity remains a major challenge in the management of forest resources.
Biodiversity is mostly considered a public good and the fact that societal benefits from biodiversity are private
information, hinders its supply at adequate levels. Here we investigate how the government, as a forest owner,
may increase the biodiversity supply in publicly-owned forests. We employ a mechanism design approach to find
the biodiversity provision choices, which take into account agents’ strategic behavior and values towards bio-
diversity. We applied our framework to a forest landscape in Southwestern Germany, using forest birds as
biodiversity indicators and evaluating the impacts of climate change on forest dynamics and on the costs of
biodiversity provision. Our results show that climate change has important implications to the opportunity cost
of biodiversity and the provision levels (ranging from 10 to 12.5% increase of the bird indicator abundance). In
general, biodiversity valuations needed to surpass the opportunity cost by more than 18% to cope with the
private information held by the agents. Moreover, higher costs under more intense climate change (e.g.
Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) reduced the attainable bird abundance increase from 12.5 to 10%.
We conclude that mechanism design may provide key information for planning conservation policies and
identify conditions for a successful implementation of biodiversity-oriented forest management.
1. Introduction
The provision of biodiversity remains a major challenge in the
management of forest resources. Biodiversity has been continuously
declining worldwide during the past decades, despite its recognized
importance to human well-being, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem
resistance and resilience under climate change (Díaz et al., 2006; Isbell
et al., 2015; Tilman et al., 2014). A main constraint to the im-
plementation of biodiversity conservation strategies is the fact that
biodiversity is mostly considered a public good, and in the absence of
markets or policy mechanisms to promote its provision, there are in-
centives for free riding and undersupply. One option to tackle this issue,
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Ppt -rulnr proposal presentation-16th july,12
1. Decentralised Forest Governance,
Institutions and Livelihoods in Odisha-A
Study of Evolution of Policy Process and
Politics
Bishnu Prasad Mohapatra, Visiting Fellow
Research Unit For Livelihoods and Natural Resources(RULNR)
Centre for Economic and Social Studies,
Hyderabad - 500 016
2. Outline of the Proposal
Introduction
Policy Process, Politics and Livelihoods-The Issues
Statement of Problem
Review of the Literature
Theoretical Framework
Key Research Questions
Objectives
Data-base and Methodology
Policy Process Framework and Key Indicators
Expected Outcome
3. INTRODUCTION
In Forest Sector, Governance Issues have attained prominence
because of changing Policies, Political Scenario and emergence of
new institutions as an outcome of policy process and over
emphasising politics in such policy process.
In the case of Odisha, forest policy process(formulation and
implementation) is believed to be coincided with the emergence of
neo socio-political orders, emerging economic and ecological
concerns, institutional arrangements and behavior of actors thereby
argued as a part of political process.
The Forest Governance and Policies in the State starting from
colonial era to current period have witnessed transition in institutional
arrangements, sustainable forest management and involvement of
community in management regime. Decentralisation has become a
major policy in the State Forestry Sector.
4. Continued…..
It is argued that there are four different trajectories of State
intervention with regard to managing forest or forest governance in
Odisha
The Wildlife Act and the consequent expansion of Protected Area Network.
The Forest Conservation Act(FCA)-which restricting forest land to non-forest
use .
The Joint Forest Management(JFM)-which is about making forest department
more participatory.
The FRA-which has recognized individual and community rights over forest and
forest land.
Forest Resources have a far larger role in sustaining livelihoods and
in the case of Odisha, it is believed that the contribution of forest
resources to tribal livelihoods are immense.
However policy process in State Forest Governance largely ignored
the interest of forest dependent communities, except in the case of
FRA, despite the fact that the policy process has gradually moved to
redress the livelihood issues of dependent communities.
5. FOREST POLICY PROCESS, POLITICS AND LIVELIHOODS-
THE ISSUES
Forest Policy Process in Odisha since Colonial Period
considered as a rational process with a firm conviction that
Forest Resources are State Property.
However, keeping the rapid depletion of forest resources and
increasing population pressure, the State forest policy has
taken a major shift and gradually switched over towards
community conservation and participation mode.
In such process(policy shift) the issue of livelihood of forest
dwellers are believed to be shaped gradually and such changes
happened in the case of FRA apart from NTFP and Kenduleaf
management policies.
So the current study is designed to understand the nature of
such changes with a broad research question that why such
Change?
6. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Forest policy analysis in the case of Odisha has provided limited
space to understand the nature of policy process and their
implications.
Forest Policy process since last few years have been changed
considerably in which both the State and Non-State actors have
played major role.
Livelihood issues gradually emerged as a part of forest policy
process with the involvement of Non-State Actors which has
turned policy process as a political rather than rational process.
Emergence of PFM in 1988 and FRA in 2006 are believed to be
part of pro-poor policy reforms.
Continuity and Change in the State Forest Policy in different
period of time has not been reflected in earlier studies .Important
policy specific and period specific developments are to be taken
into consideration in the proposed study.
7. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Available Literature Key Arguments Authors
Theories of Policy Different Models like Elite Ostorm, Anderson(2006)
Process Theory, Group Theory, Jahariadis, Jones et
Institutionalism, Rational al(1984), Sabatier(1999),
Choice Theory, Political Jenkins-Smith, Berry and
System Theory and Policy Berry(1999), Adam and
Process Model helps to Kris.
understand policy making
process. Two Broad aspects of
policy analysis i.e. improve
policy and policy Making and
how policy has been made
highlighted.
Rational Vs Political It is argued that Policy process Clay and
Nature of Policy is a rational process and the Schaffer(1984)Juma and
Process policy formulation and Clarke(1995),
implementation are separated Sutton(1999), Mooij(2003)
from each other. However, and Bose(2004)
researchers have justified that
policy process is a political
process as the process
8. Available Literature Key Arguments Authors
Policy Reforms and Continued……
Pro -poor Policy Reforms in Saxena(1993), De
Their Implications on Forest Governance is argued an Haan(2006),
Forest Governance outcome of widespread failure of Hobely(2007)
and Livelihood Governments to arrest
System deforestation, control illegal
activities or generate the desired
of benefit. Policy reforms in Forest
Governance with appropriate
livelihood opportunity is argued to
be addressed income need of
forest dwellers.
Forest Governance In the case of India and Odisha, it Dey(1976),
and Nature of Forest argued that the Forest Policy Guha(1983),
Policies process have been gradually Hiedenheimer(1990),
shifted with increasing and Bose(2010)
involvement of Non-State Actors
which created scope to
understand the nature of policy
process in a change political
scenario. Why the particular policy
emerged, how emerged and why ,
how and to what effect
Governments pursue particular
9. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Key Conceptual Areas Major Focal Points
Policy Process and Different Policy process as a tool to understand the nature
Aspects of Policy Process of Policy formulation and Implementation
Analysis emerged to understand the different stages of
policy formulation and implementation in the
context of prevailing socio-political orders in a
State. The Policy process study is based on
empirical questions of Why, How and by Whom.
The Policy Cycle-An Approach Policy as a two way process linked with cause
to Understand Policy Process and effect. Policy Cycle helps to understand how
policy has been made and how distinctions can
be made between different stages in policy
making process.
Policy Process and Politics Both the Linear and Political policy process
model are important to understand nature of
power game, lobby , negotiation, Conflict and
Cooperation. Involvement of State and Non-State
Actors and the process of interaction and
bargaining are important part of politics. Political
11. FOREST POLICIES AND POLITICS- THE CASE OF ODISHA
Major State Forest Period Policy Implications
Policies
The Indian Forest Act 1927 •Forest Policy in the State was based on
Indian Forest Act of 1927 .
•The Primary focus was Commercial Use
of Forest Resources. No Focus on
Community Rights and Livelihoods.
The Wild Life Protection 1974 •Sanctuaries and National Parks Created
Rule which further restricted community rights.
•No effort was taken on promoting
Community Participation in Forest
Management.
•Community led Forest Management
System evolved.
The Orissa Forest Act 1972 •Focus was given to Reorganize Forest
Bureaucracy in the State for
Strengthening State Legitimacy.
•Usufruct Rights Restricted especially in
the case of Shifting Cultivation and
Collection of MFP.
12. Major State Forest
Policies
Period
Continued…..
Policy Implications
The Forest 1980 • Restriction imposed on diversion of forest
Conservation Act land.
•Amendment of Orissa Forest Act of 1972.
•No emphasis on rights of Forest Dwellers.
•Politics of Conservation and Control further
glorified.
The Orissa Village 1985 •Emphasis was given to involve Villages in
Forest Rule protection of degraded Forests.
•Community involvement in Management of
Forests got legal sanction.
•Livelihood Rights gradually evolved.
Joint Forest 1990 •The State Government’s Resolution accepted
Management Resolution JFM as a Strategy of Forest Management.
•Accepted Community Access to Forest
Resources for Sustenance of Livelihoods.
The Orissa Minor Forest 2002 •Rights of MFP (Administration) vested to
Produce Administration PRIs.
Rule •MSP and Trading Rights provided to local
people.
•Politics of NTFP became decentralized.
13. KEY RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Why and how policies in forest governance in post
independence period emerged and why there was a focus on
decentralisation?
Is there any link between policy process and institutions that
have been developed?
What are the changing nature of policy process and why there is
a focus on Livelihood?
How the policy process was linked with political process and
what is the role of different State and Non-State Actors in the
policy process?
14. OBJECTIVES
To understand the nature of policy process i.e. process of policy
development and process of policy implementation in Odsiha forest
governance.
To understand the role of formal and informal institutions in policy
process in Forest Sector and how such institutions influenced
framing and implementing forest policies in the State.
To explore the link between forests policy process and political
factors that influences such process with regard to nature of
political parties, leadership and ideological base.
To understand the significance of livelihood approach to the policy
process in Odisha forest governance and what political factors
motivated in this regard.
To understand the case of Forest Rights Act, 2006 as an outcome of
pro-people policy measures and suggest strengthening policy
process in Forest sector in Odisha.
15. DATA-BASE AND METHODOLOGY
Database and Methodology
Exploration of Both the Secondary and Primary Data
Secondary Data from Government Records like Acts, Rules,
Government Orders and Legislative Proceedings
Reports available at District/Division Level Forest Offices
Primary Data through Key Informants’ Interview with
Government Officials, Forest Bureaucrats, Legislators and
Leaders/Members of Civil Society, JMF and CFM.
Content Analysis of Policy Related Developments, Legislative
Proceedings.
Desk Review of Policy Documents, Archive Materials etc.
Review of Articles Published in Different Journals, Books and
Monographs.
16. POLICY PROCESS FRAMEWORK AND KEY
INDICATORS
• When and
• Why •Process • Key How
Policy Implem
Agenda
•Streams Formula •Involveme Legitima Arguments Implemented
Setting nt of tion •Political entation • Role of
of Agenda tion Different
Actors Factors Actors
17. EXPECTED OUTCOME
Understanding Forest Policy Process: The study will
help to understand policy process in Odisha’s Forestry
Sector. It will help to identifying policy gaps.
Academic Outcome: The findings of the study will be
published as Working Paper and Monograph. Findings
will also publish in academic Journals and share
through conference and seminars.
18. References
Agrawal, A. and Ostrom, E.2001: Collective Action, Property Rights and Decentralisation in
Resource use in India and Nepal, politics and society, 29(4), 485-514.
Anderson, K.2006: Understanding Decentralised Forest Governance: an application of
institutional analysis and development framework, http://ejournal.nbii.org,vol(2).
Bose, Indranil, 2010: How did the Indian Forest Rights Act, 2006 emerge? IPPG Discussion
paper 39, May 2010.
Dash, Tushar, 2010: The Forest Rights Act: Redefining biodiversity conservation in India; Policy
matters, pp33-40.
De Haan A, 2004: Disparities within India’s poorest regions: Why do the same Institutions work
differently in different places? World Development Report 2006.
Easton, David, 1957: An approach to the analysis of political systems, world politics, April,1957.
Guha, Ramchandra, 1983: Forestry in British and Post-British India, A Historical Analysis,
Economic & Political Weekly, November, pp1940-1947.
Hobley, Marry, 2007: Where in the world is there pro-poor forest policy and tenure reform? Rights
and Resources Initiative.
Jans, M. Theo, 2007: A Framework for Public Policy Analysis and Policy Evaluation, IES
research colooqium, Vrije Universiteit, Brussel.
Jones, Charls, 1984: An Introduction to the Study of Public Policy, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,
1984.
Leftwich.A, 2007: The political approach to Institutional Formation, Maintenance and Change,
IPPG Research program, UK.
McGee.R, 2004: Unpacking Policy: Actors, knowledge and spaces in Brock,K, McGee, R. and
Gaventa,J(eds),Unpacking: Knowledge, Actors and Spaces in poverty reduction in Uganda and
19. Reference
Patnaik,SK,2009: Forest and Tribal Livelihood in AB Ota
and KK Patnaik(eds), Two Tribal Friendly Acts and their
Implications, SCSTRTI, Bhubaneswar.
Sutton, Rubeka, 1999: The Policy Process: An overview,
Overseas Development Institute, London (working paper
118).
Sabatier,Paul A.1999: Theories of the policy process,
University of California, Davis.
Sarap, Kailash,2007: Forests and Livelihoods in Orissa in
Oliver Springate-Baginski and Piers Blaikie(eds) Forests,
People and Power, the Political Ecology of Reforms in
South Asia with Earthscan, London.
Webb.Edward.L. 2007: Forest Policy as a Changing
context in Asia in Edward L.Webb and Ganesh
P.Shivakoti (eds.) Decentralization, Forests and Rural
Communities: Policy Outcomes in South and Southeast
Asia in Sage Publication.