epilepsy case presentation.pptx by Rangisetty pujitha
Premier Diagnostic Testing Services
1. Premier Diagnostic Testing, Inc.
“Independent Diagnostic Testing Facility”
364 Courtland Street, Suite #2 East Stroudsburg, PA 18301
Tel: (570) 369-5833 Fax: (570) 730-4422
2. This test is done by measuring blood pressure
at the ankle and in the arm while a person is
at rest. Some people also do an exercise test.
In this case, the blood pressure measurements
are repeated at both sites after a few minutes
of walking on a treadmill.
Ankle-Brachial Index Test
Why it’s done:
• Being a current or former smoker
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Previous vascular Surgery
• Stroke/TIA
• Intermittent Claudication
• Numbness, Tingling in the feet
• Ulcerations
• Rest Pain
• Gangrene
Symptoms:
Risks and Signs for Peripheral Vascular Disease
If the blood pressure reading taken from
the ankle is significantly lower, than the
reading from the arm – the test is positive
with Peripheral Vascular Disease
3. Nerve conduction studies help to test the peripheral nerves which are
responsible for the work of the muscles and sensations in your extremities.
Nerve Conduction Testing
Symptoms:
• Numbness
• Weakness
• Tingling
• Burning sensation
• Radiating pain
Your patients can benefit from ruling out such diagnosis like:
• Radiculopathy
• Peripheral Nerve Entrapment
o Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Median nerve - wrist)
o Guyon’s Canal Syndrome (Ulnar nerve - wrist)
o Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (Ulnar nerve - elbow)
o Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (Tibial nerve – ankle)
o Etc.
• Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexus Disorders
• Peripheral Polyneuropathies due to known physiological
condition (DM, Alcoholic Abuse, Toxic, etc)
*This test is done by conducting an electrical impulse
through a peripheral nerve and measuring the latency,
amplitude and velocity from the nerve’s action potential
response.
4. Autonomic Nervous System Testing
What are the common signs and symptoms of damage to the autonomic nerves?
The signs and symptoms of autonomic nerve damage depend on which parts of your autonomic system are affected. They include:
A drop in blood pressure when you stand. This is called
orthostatic hypotension. This can cause dizziness and fainting.
Trouble urinating. This includes diminished feeling, urine
leaking from a full bladder and inability to empty your bladder
completely. This can cause urinary tract infections.
Male impotence
Vaginal dryness
Problems with arousal and orgasm in women.
Problem digesting food (gastroparesis). This can cause
Diarrhea
Constipation
Abdominal bloating
Nausea
Vomiting
Heartburn
Feeling full after eating small amounts of food
Loss of appetite
Cardiovascular problems, like heart rate problems
Heat intolerance, especially during exercise
Abnormal sweating (usually decreased)
Slow pupil reaction to light and dark
Exercise intolerance. This causes your heart rate to remain
the same instead of increasing or decreasing due to your
activity level.
Lack of the usual warning signs of low blood sugar
(hypoglycemia), including shakiness, sweating and
palpitations.
The autonomic nervous system is one of the most important parts of our body, it
controls :
Blood pressure and pulse rate
Blood flow to different parts of the
body
Sweating
Bowel and Bladder function
Sexual function
What is the utility of the obtained information?
These tests will determine whether your autonomic nervous system is working normally. The
results may help to make a diagnosis and to show how the patient will respond to certain
treatments.
5. EVOKE - Advanced Brain Assessment
Our EVOKE system is a combination of three clinically proven
electrophysiological tests. By measuring the brainwaves through
electroencephalography (EEG), brain processing speed through event-related
potentials (ERP), and heart rate variability through electrocardiography (ECG).
IDENTIFY ASSESS
Cognitive function
Cognitive impairment
Biomarkers associated with
memory loss and cognitive
impairment
Autonomic nervous system
function
Physiologic function associated
with:
– Memory loss
– Sleep disorders
– Anxiety
– Attention deficit
Level of cognitive impairment
Physiologic change in cognitive
function over time
Change in cognitive performance
(function) associated with
clinical therapies
Impact on autonomic nervous
system
Head injury Sequels
6. VideoNystagmography (VNG)
Videonystagmography (VNG) technologies are used for testing inner ear and
central motor functions – vestibular apparatus.
VNG measures the movements of the eyes directly through infrared cameras.
VNG testing is used to determine if a vestibular (inner ear) disease may be causing
a balance or dizziness problem, and is one of the only tests available today that
can decipher between a unilateral (one ear) and bilateral (both ears) vestibular
loss.
Videonystagmography (VNG) aids in the evaluation of:
Central or Peripheral
Vestibulopathy
Vertigo
Loss of hearing
Nauseas
Feeling dizzy when you stand up.
Loss of balance
Blurry vision
Dizziness and Giddiness
What are the indications for VNG?