powerpoint presentation on planning

1. Planning Process,
Policies, Political
Process vis a vis
Nursing Process

2. I Introduction
Every country has its own plan
for national development.
The purpose of national
planning is to achieve a
rapid and at the same time a
balanced economic and
social development of the
country as a whole.

3. Definition
 According to WHO “A health plan is a
predetermined course of action that is firmly
based on nature and extent of health
problems, from which are devised priority
goals.”

4. Definition (Cont.)
 “Health Planning has been defined as the
orderly process of defining community health
problems, identifying unmet needs and
surveying the resources to meet them,
establishing priority goals that are realistic
and feasible, and projecting administrative
actions to accomplish the purpose of the
proposed programme.”

5. Purposes of health planning:
The purpose is to meet the health needs and
demands of the people.
 Health Needs have been defined as,
deficiencies in health that call for preventive,
curative, control or eradication measures.
 Health needs include need for medical care,
safe water supply, adequate nutrition,
immunization, family planning etc

6. Resources:
It implies to manpower, money, material,
skills, knowledge, technique and time
needed or available for the performance or
support of action directed towards the
specified objectives.

7. Objectives, Targets and Goals:
They are used to describe the end results of
planning. Setting clear cut objectives, targets
and goals are important elements in
planning.

8. Objective
 An Objective is precise, it is either achieved
or not. Objective is planned end point of all
activities.

9. Target
 A Target often reers to a discrete activity. It
is the concept of degree of achievement.

10. Goal
 Goal is defined as the ultimate desired state
towards which objectives and resources are
directed. Unlike objectives and targets, goals
are not constrained by time or existing
resources; nor are they necessarily
attainable. Goals are generally broad and are
usually described in terms of :

11. Goal (Cont)
 What is to be attained
 Extent to which it is to be attained
 The population or section of the environment
involved
 The geographic area in which the proposed
programme will operate
 Length of time required for attaining the goal

12. Plan
A plan is a BLUE
PRINT for taking
action. Plan
consists of five
major elements:
 Objectives
 Policies
 Programmes
 Schedules
 Budget

13. Plan (Cont.)
 Objectives: This is the statement of desired
changes in behavior or state of excellence,
expected as a result of particular programme
or activity.

14. Plan (Cont)
 Policies: written statement of the terms of a
contract of insurance. It’s a plan of action,
statement of ideals etc. proposed or adopted
by a government or political party or an
organization.

15. Plan (Cont)
 Programmes: An organized order of
performances of events. It is a sequence of
activities designed to implement policies and
accomplish objectives. It gives a step by step
approach to guide the action necessary to
reach a pre-determined goals. It must be
closely integrated with objectives.

16. Plan (Cont)
 Schedule: It is a program of work to be done
or of planned events. It is a time sequence
for the work to be done.
 Budget: It is a concrete precise picture of the
total operation of an enterprise in monetory
terms.

17. Pre Planning
 It is the pre-preparation for planning. The
important pre-conditions are:
 Government Interest
 Legislation
 Organization for Planning
 Administrative Capacity

18. Government Interest
A plan for the health and welfare of a country
must be done on a strong ‘political will’ and
the political authority will give clear directive
and policies.

19. Legislation
The social and health policies formulated
may have to translated into legislation.E.g.
Enhancement of MTP Act-1971 by the Indian
parliament.

20. Organization for planning
There should be an organizational structure
for the preparation of the various parts of the
plan.

21. Administrative capacity
It is one of the essential pre-conditions of
planning. It is essential for proper co-
ordination of activities and implementation of
the plan at all levels.

22. Planning or planning cycle
 It is the broad foundation upon which much
of the management is based. The steps in
planning or planning cycle include:
1. Analysis of the Health Situation
2. Establishment of Objectives or Goals
3. Assessment of Resources

23. Planning (Cont)
4. Fixing Priorities
5. Writing up of formulated plans
6. Programming and Implementation
7. Monitoring
8. Evaluation

24. Analysis of the health situation:
The items of data which are the minimum
essentials for health planning include:
 The population, its age and sex structure.
 Statistics of morbidity and mortality.
 The epidemiology and geographical
distribution of different diseases.

25. 1. Analysis (Cont)
 Medical care facilities such as hospitals,
health centers and other health agencies
both private and public.
 Technical manpower of various categories.
 Training facilities available.
 Attitude and beliefs of people towards
diseases, its care and prevention.

26. 2. Establishment of objectives and goals:
They are needed to guide efforts. Objectives
must be established at all levels, down to the
smallest organizational level. In setting these
objectives, time and resources are important
factors.

27. 3. Assessment of resources:
They are assessed and the balance is
calculated between what is required and
what is available or likely to be available.

28. 4. Fixing priorities:
Once priorities have been set, alternate
plans for achieving them are also formulated
and assessed to determine whether they are
practicable and feasible. Alternate plans with
great effectiveness are chosen.

29. 5. Writing up of formulated plan:
The plan must be complete in all respects for
the execution of a project. For a health
programme the resources required are
related to the results expected. Also plan
should contain methods for evaluation or
evaluation system. Central planning authority
and government will consider modifications
of the plan relating to allocation of the
resources.

30. 6. Programming and implementation:
The major considerations at the implementation
stage include:
 Definition of roles and tasks.
 The selection, training, motivation and
supervision of the manpower involved.
 Organization and communication.
 Efficiency of the individual institutions such
as hospitals or health centers in
implementing the plan.

31. 7. Monitoring:
It consists of
keeping track of the
course of activities
and identifying
deviations and
tacking corrective
action if excessive
deviation occurs.

32. 8. Evaluation:
Monitoring is confined to day to day or
ongoing operations. Evaluation is concerned
with the final outcome and factors associated
with it. A good planning will have built in
evaluation to measure the effectiveness and
to detect deficiencies.

33. National Health Policy (NHP):
 Policy is the statement about the manner in which
the given task is to be performed. The National
Health Policy is the statement enunciated by the
Government of India about the manner in which the
tasks related to health and allied subjects have to be
performed in view of the actual needs and priorities.
All subordinate agencies, state government and non
official organizations concerned with health care are
governed by the NHP.

34. Sub sectors of National Health Policy:
 National Education Policy
 National Nutrition Policy
 National Population Policy

35. Elements of N.H.P. :
 Health awareness and community participation.
 Safe water and Basic sanitation through affordable
technology.
 Correction of rural urban imbalance.
 Giving legislative support.
 Greater emphasis on correction of malnutrition.
 Provision for alternative health care.
 Emphasis on Indian system of Medicine.

36. Components of N.H.P. :
 Women welfare.
 Child welfare.
 Rural development.
 Fuller employment.
 Reducing regional disparity.

37. Areas stressed by N.H.P
The predominant areas stressed by N.H.P. are:
 Population stabilization.
 List of problems that needed urgent attention
like Nutrition, Food Adulteration, Water and
Sanitation, Immunization, MCH, School
health and health awareness, occupational
health.

38. Areas stressed by N.H.P. (Cont)
 Mental health care.
 Rehabilitation of mentally retarded, deaf and
dumb.
 Establishing health information system.
 Essential drugs.
 Health insurance.

39. N.H.P. Planning Process:
 Health Planning in India is the
responsibility of Planning Commission.
 Health policy is laid down by the “Central
Council of Health and Family Welfare”.

40. Planning Commission
Planning commission was constituted in 1950.
It comprises of:
 Chairman, who is the Prime Minister of India.
 A deputy Chairman, the Finance Minister of
India
 4 members
 Several panels including a Health panel
headed by the Advisor (Health)

41. Phases of Planning Commission
Planning Commission works in two phases:
 In the first phase: The planning commission
prepares a draft plan of action of what is to
be done in various developmental areas for
the succeeding five years. This is called the
Draft Five Year Plan
 In the second phase: The draft five year
Plan is considered in depth by a body called
the National Developmental Council (NDC).

42. Members of NDC
NDC comprises of Prime Minister of India, all
cabinet ministers of the central government,
Chief ministers of all states and union
territories and members of planning
commission

43. Role of NDC in Planning
NDC revise the draft by carrying out addition
and deletions. The revised version is the final
draft. The role of NDC is to ensure
cooperation between the centre and state
governments in the matter of planning. The
final Five Year Draft is discussed and
adopted by the Parliament.

44. Central Council of Health and Family
Welfare (CCHFW):
CCHFW lays down Health Policy of the
country. It decides what needs to be done in
the area of Family planning, population
control, prevention of diseases, nutritional
promotion, medical education, professional
training and research.

45. CCHFW (Cont)
 CCHFW is composed of Union Health
Minister as chairman and the Health
Ministers of all states and union territories as
members.
 It meets once a year.
 It considers proposals for new health
legislations

46. CCHFW (Cont)
 It determines how the central grants in aid
are distributed among the states and union
territories,
 Finally it reviews the health work done in the
previous year

47. ANY QUESTIONS??

48. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 Prabhakara G.N. Health Policy. 1st ed. Preventive
and Social Medicine. New Delhi. Jay Pee Brothers
Medical Publishers. 2002. Pp- 213 – 14.
 Basavanthappa B.T. Public Health Administration
and Policy. 1st ed. Nursing Administration. New
Delhi. Jay Pee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2002.
Pp- 169 – 170.
 Basavanthappa B.T. Health Planning. 1st ed.
Nursing Administration. New Delhi. Jay Pee Brothers
Medical Publishers. 2002. Pp- 224 – 227.

49. BIBLIOGRAPHY (Cont)
 Mary Lucita. Health Care Planning in India.
1st ed. Nursing: Services and Public Health
Administration. Jay Pee Brothers Medical
Publishers. 2001. Pp- 313 – 324.
 www.pubmed.com
 www.google.com