This document summarizes a study that synthesized hematite (α-Fe2O3) from iron waste from lathe craft industries using a precipitation-calcination route. Iron lathe waste was found to contain over 96% iron and was used as the iron source. Precipitation produced goethite (α-FeOOH), while calcination of the goethite between 1-4 hours at 750°C produced hematite. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the phases produced. Optimal calcination time was 3 hours, which produced hematite with the highest crystallinity. The synthesis successfully produced pure hematite from the iron lathe waste.

1. Synthesis of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Compound from Iron Waste Craft Industry
Using Precipitation-Calcination Route Method
Muhimma Naela Al Chabib, Lilik Miftahul Khoiroh, Anton Prasetyo
The activity of iron craft industries produce lathe waste that has high iron (Fe) metal. Its
potentially as pollutant for environment, therefore its important to handle it. In this re-
search, Red iron oxide has been synthesized from iron lathe via ferric precursor and
conducted by precipitation-calcination route method with variation of time calcination. The
sample characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Raman spectroscopy. The
XRD and Raman data shows that goethite was obtained at precipitation and hematite was
obtained after calcination. The impurities is no found in all sample.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Hematite has found applications in manufacturing of gas sensors,
catalysts, photocatalysts, magnetism, lithium ion batteries,
pigments, and electrochemical capacitor. Figure 1 shows crystal
structure of hematite. It has a rhombohedrally centered hexagonal
structure of the corundum type (space group Rc3) with a close-
packed oxygen lattice in which two thirds of the octahedral sites are
occupied by Fe3+
ions.1
Figure 1. Hematite structure
METHOD
Synthesis of FeOOH by precipitation method
Preparing precursor
Synthesis of hematite by calcination of FeOOH
Element Amount (%)
Fe 96.08
Mn 1.3
Eu 0.9
Ni 0.82
Rb 0.66
Ca 0.29
Cr 0.096
Cu 0.093
La 0.02
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table 1. XRF Result of Iron Lathe Waste
Figure 2. Diffraction Pattern of Geothite
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Geothite of product synthesis
ICSD Geothite no. 159970
2
Intensity(a.u.)
Synthesis of iron oxide from
lathe waste at precipitation
stage produced goethite (α-
FeOOH) compound.
Figure 3. Diffraction Pattern of Hematite
Goethite was calcined at 750o
C with time
variation 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The result
was hematite (α-Fe2O3) compound. The op-
timum time of synthesis is 3 hours with the
highest crystallinity.
Figure 4. Raman Spectra of Hematite
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
549
297 393
602
611
607
606
489
495
494
493
403
409
407
406
hematite 4 h
hematite 3 h
hematite 2 h
hematite 1 h
Intensity(a.u.)
Wavenumber (cm-1)
geotite
223
224
225
221
289
290
291
287
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Geotite
2
Intensity(a.u.)
ICSD hematite no. 66756
Hematite (1 h)
Hematite (2 h)
Hematite (3 h)
Hematite (4 h)
Synthesis of hematite produce hematite
compound pure relatively. The long vari-
ation of calcination does not change
structural hematite but can increase the
peak intensity. The highest of peak
intensity was obtained at 3 hours, that
indicated the higher crystalinity than
others.
CONCLUSION
The result was goethite phase before calcina-
tion and hematite phase after calcination.
1
Vujtek, M., Zboril, R., Kubinek, R., and Mashlan, M. 2003. Ultrafine Particles of Iron(III) Oxides by View of AFM – Novel Route for Study of Polymorphism
in Nano-world. Science, Technology and Education of Microscopy: An Overview, Microscopy Book Series, 1(3), 1–8.