Population and demography refer to the statistical study of human populations in terms of their size, structure, and changes over time. Key factors studied include birth rates, death rates, and migration. Population growth impacts issues like food supply, housing, employment and the environment. Demography analyzes population aggregates using vital statistics and census data on attributes like age, sex and location. Population pyramids and dependency ratios provide insights into a population's structure. Theories like Malthusian and demographic transition theory attempt to explain population growth and decline patterns over time. Demographic data is important for planning education, health and other social services to meet societal needs.

1. POPULATION AND
DEMOGRAPHY

2. DEFINITION ALAND NATURE OF POPULATION AND
DEMOGRAPHY
 THE STUDY OF POP ULATION IS OF MAJOR CONCERN TO SOCIOLOGIST AND
SOCIAL SCIENTISTS.
 POPULATION IS THE NUMBER OF PERSONS OCCUPYING A CERTAIN
GEOGRAPHIC AREA, DRAWING SUBSTANCE FROM THEIR HABITAT, AND
INTERACTING WITH ONE ANOTHER.
 DEMGRAPHERS COMMONLY DEFINE POPULATION AS A COLLECTIVE GROUP OF
INDIVIDUALS OCCUPYING A PARTICULAR PLACE AT A GIVEN TIME.
THREE KEY WORDS ARE INVOLVED IN THE DEFINITION OF POPULATION:
 GROUP
 PLACE
 TIME

3. POPULATION GROWTH
 POPULATION GROWTH IS A MAJOR FACTOR IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION,
HOUSING SHORTAGES,INFLATION, FOOD SECURITY, UNEMPLOYMENT
AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRATION.
 POPULATION GROWTH HAS BEEN AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE AN
INTEGRAL PART OF OUR LIVES.IT ACOUNT FOR THE EMERGENCE AND
INTENSIFICATION OF MANY LOCAL, NATURAL AND GLOBAL PROBLEMS
LIKE POVERTY AND INEQUALITY, ENERGY CRISIS, MALNUTRITION,AND
SCARCITY OR FOOD SUPPLY, HOUSING PROBLEMS, CRIMINALTY,
ECONOMIC CRISIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRATION;THE WORLD’S
ALREADY DEPLETED RESOURCES RE CURRENTLY THREATENED BY AN
UNCHECKED POPULATION GROWTH.

4. DEMOGRAPHY
 IN THE BOOKS OF COLLINS DICTIONARY OF SCIOLOGY ,DAVID AND JULIA
GARY DEFINE DEMOGRAPHY(FROM THE GREEK “DEMOS”, PEOPLE) AS THE
STATISTICAL STUDY OF HUMAN POPULATION WITH REGARD TO THEIR SIZE
AND STRUCTURE,THEIR COMPOSITION BY SEX,AGE,MARITAL,STATUS AND
ETHNIC ORIGIN, AND THE CHANGES TO THESE POPULATION LIKE CHANGES
IN THEIR BIRTH RATES,DEATH RATES AND IMMIGRATION.
 DEMOGRAPHY IS THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND DESCRITION OF
POPULATION AGGREGATES WITH REFERENCE TO THE DISTRIBUTION, VITAL
STATISTICS, AGE, SEX AND RELATED FACTORS
 THE SCIENCE OF DEMOGRAPHY LOOKS ALSO INTO FACTORS THAT MAY
CAUSE POPULATION TO INCREASE OR DECREASE IN ANY GIVEN AREA.IT IS
CONCERNED WITH NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES AND THE RELATION
BETWEEN THEM.DEMOGRAPHERS USE THE STATISTICAL METHOD IN THEIR
ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA.
 DEMOGRAPHERS IS THE STATTITICAL ANALYSIS AND DESCRITION OF
POPULATION AGREGATES WITH REFERENCE TO THE DISTRIBUTION ,
VITAL STATISTICS,AGE,SEX AND RELATED FACTORS.

5. IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHIC
DATA
 CITING THE IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, THE PROGRAMME
OF ACTION OF THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT,CAIRO 1994,STATES”THE EVERYDAY
ACTIVITIES OF ALL HUMAN BEINGS AFFECT COMMUNITY PATTERNS AND
LEVELS OF USE OF NATURAL RESOURSES, THE STATE OF THE
ENVIRONMENT, AND THE PACE AND QUALITY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT ”.
 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA PROVIDE A BASIS FOR PREDICTING FUTURE
TRENDS AND MAKING INFORMED DECISIONS,AS PANOPIO STATES,
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE FORMULATION ,
IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF PLANS, POLIICIES, AND
PROGRAMS FOR EDUCATION ,HOUSING,HEALTH, EMPLOYMENT,
TRANSPROTATION ,RECREATIONAL NEEDS AND OTHER FORMS OF
SOCIAL SERVICES.
 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA CAN GUIDE POLICY MAKERS IN MEETING THE
NEEDS AND OF VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE SOCIETY,SUCH AS THE
YOUNG, THE ADULT AND AGED, THE UNEMPLOYED, THE POOR, AND THE
VARIOUS CULTURAL GROUPS.

6. SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
THERE ARE VARIED SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ARE:
 POPULATION CENSUS LIKE POPULATION COUNT
 VITAL REGISTRATION STATISTICS SYSTEM LIKE BIRTH, DEATH,
MARRIAGE, AND DIVORCE.
 SAMPLE OR SPPECIAL SURVEYS LIKE SURVEYS OF HUSEHOLDS
 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA GATHERED AND PROCESSED BY GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES.

7. COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE
 FERTILITY(BIRTHS)
-REFERS TO THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN BORN TO A WOMAN OR
GROUPED OF WOMEM.A SIMPLE WAY TO MEASURE FERTILITY IS TO GET THE CRUDE
BIRTH RATE;
EQ.
REGISTERED NUMBER OF BIRTHS IN YEAR * 1000
CBR= -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL MID-YEAR POPULATION
 MORTALITY(DEATHS)
-REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 1000 OF THE TOTAL MID-YEAR
POPULATION IN PARTICULAR PLACE AT A SPECIFIED TIME, AND IS MEASURED BY THE
CRUDE DEATH RATE.
EQ.
REGISTERED NUMBER OF DEATHS A YEAR * 1000
CDR=------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL MID-YEAR POPULATION
 MIGRATION(IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION)
-REFERS TO THE SPATIAL MOVEMENT OF PERSON OR GROUPED OF
PERSONS WITHIN A COUNTRY OR SPECIFIED TERRITORY, MORE OR LESS FOR
PERMANENT RECIDENCY.

8. POPULATION PYRAMID
 POPULATION PYRAMID REFERS TO TWO DIMENSIONAL GRAPH USED TO
DISPLAY THE AGE AND GENDER STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION.IF
BIRTH RATE IS HIGH AS IT IS TODAY IN THE PHILIPPINES AND OTHERE
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,THE PYRAMID WILL BE MORE TRIANGULAR
BECAUSE OF THE LARGE BABIES ADDED TO THE BOTTOM EACH
YEAR.AS BIRTH RATE DECREASES ,AS IT IS TODAY IN DEVELOPED
NATIONS ,THE PYRAMID TAKES ON A MORE DIAMOND SHAPE.IT MEANS
THAT A GREAT PORTION OF TH POPULATION ARE ADDED TO THE
NATION’S PRODUCTIVE LABOR FORCE.

9. SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION
 AGE STRUCTURE REFERS TO THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE AT THE
DIFFERENT AGE AND LEVELS.
 SEX COMPOSITION REFERS TO HOW THE TOTAL POPULATION IS
COMPOSED IN TERMS OF BEING MALES OR FEMALES.
 DEPENDENCY RATIO REFERS TO THE PROPORTION OF THE 0-4 AND THE
65-OVER AGE LEVELS PER ONE HUNDRED PERSONS AGED 15-64.WITHIN
THE YOUNG AGE STRUCTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES ,OUR DEPENDENCY
RATIO IS HIGH COMPARED WITH THE DEPENDENCY IN DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES A HIGH DEPENDENCY RATIO IMPLIES HEAVY FINANCIAL
SUPPORT FOR MORE DEPENDENCIES.
 POPULATION DENSITY REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS THAT
CAN BE EQUALLY AND STATISTICALLY DISTRIBUTED PER SQUARE
KILOMETER IN A GIVEN GEOGRAPHICAL AREA CONCIDERING THE
POPULATION IN THE SAID AREA.

10. THEORIES ON POPULATION GROWTH AND
DECLINE
 MALTHUSIAN THEORY(THOMAS MALTHUS 1766-1834)
-”AN ESSAY N THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION”,THEORIZED PESSIMISTICALLY
THAT POPULATION WAS UNCONTROLABLE AND THAT IT WOULD.
-ARGUED THAT HUMAN POPULATIONS ARE INESCAPABLY CAUGHT IN A CONFLICT
BETWEEN THEIR “NEED FOR FOOD” AND “PASSION BETWEEN SEXES”.POPULATION,HE
MAINTAINED,INCREASES GEOMETRICALLY (2,4,8,16…..),WHILE FOOD SUPPLIES INCREASE
ONLY ARITHMETICALLY(2,3,4,5…..)
-NO POPULATIONCAN CONTINUE TO GROW INDEFINITELY,BECAUSE PEOPLE WILL
INCREASE THEIR NUMBER TO THE LIMIT OF SUBSISTENCE.
 MARXIAN THEORY(KARL MARX)
- MARX BELIEVED THAT THE PROBLEM WAS NOT PRIMARILY ONE OF POPULATION
BUT ONE OF THE OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION AND THE INEQUITABLE
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOCIETYS WEALTH.
 THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
-THE CONCEPT OF DEMOGRAPHIC THEORY REFERS TO THE THREE
CHARACTERISTICS STAGES OF POPULATION:
 FIRST STAGE-BOTH THE BIRTH RATE AND THE DEATH RATE ARE HIGH AND RELATIVELY
STABLE.
 SECOND STAGE-THE BIRTH RATE REMAINS HIGH BUT THE DEATH RATE DECLINES AS
THE NUTRITION,HEALTH,AND SANITATION IMPROVE.
 STAGE THREE-BOTH THE DEATH AND THE BIRTH RATE ARE LOW AND IN BALANCE
AGAIN.
-

11. THANK YOU

12. GROUP II
 Submitted by: Eunice Macapia
 Reymark Aggabao
 Cristine Zipagan
 Kimberly Sarmiento
 John Christopher Allauigan
 John Baui
 Joselito Zipagan
 Edmer Taguinod
 Paul CarlonDanao
 Jerome
 Ryan Fugaban
 Marlon Tagapan
 Submitted to: Christopher Vea