This document discusses population estimates and projections for North Carolina municipalities and counties. It provides population data from 1970 to present and projections out to 2038. It summarizes population change from 2010 to 2018 for North Carolina and other states. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities of the US Census Bureau and North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management in producing population estimates used for planning and distributing state and federal funds. Accurate 2020 Census counts are important for producing reliable population estimates.