This document discusses the debate around death with dignity in England. It begins by explaining that while death with dignity is generally agreed to be good, there are differing views on how it can be achieved and what it truly means. It then outlines some of the key arguments in the debate, including discussions around autonomy and dignity for those lacking capacity. The document goes on to summarize several important legal cases around end of life decisions and incapacitated patients, as well as current laws like the Mental Capacity Act that govern end of life decision making in England.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Ethics in dentisrty power point presentationHamnazBeegumpp
The dental profession is a vocation in which knowledge and skill is used for the service of others.
One of the characteristics of a profession is adherence to a code of ethics. Being a health care provider it carrier with it a responsibility to individual patients and society confers on the professionals requires them to behave in an ethical manner.
Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse. Business paper: Why do i want to be a nurs...Britney Gilbert
Why I Want to Be a Nurse Essay Writing Tips. Why Did A Choose To Be A Nurse Essay PDF. Why Nursing Is A Good Major Essay - EducationScientists. Why i want to be a nurse essay - Writing Center 24/7.. 019 Essay Example Nursing Examples Sample Help Writing For Paper .... Why i want to be a nurse essay admission. Samples. 2019-02-27. 015 Essay Example Why I Want To Become Nurse Thatsnotus. Why i Want to Be a Nurse Essay 4 Compassion Nursing. Why do i want to become a nurse essay. Essay on Why I Want to Become .... Why Do You Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example - Reasons for Become a eNurse. Business paper: Why do i want to be a nurse practitioner essay. Why be a nurse essay sample. Essay on Why I Want to Be a Nurse. 2019 .... Why do you want to be a nurse essay. Why I Want To Be A Family Nurse .... 010 Why Do I Want To Nurse Essay Become Sample L Thatsnotus. Stunning Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Thatsnotus. Essay on Why I Want to Become a Nurse for all Class in 100 to 500 Words. Magnificent Reasons To Become A Nurse Essay Thatsnotus. Why I want to be a nurse Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays .... Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse Telegraph. Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example for Free - 1299 Words EssayPay. Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Samples Sitedoct.org. Why do i want to be a nurse essay. Why I Want To Be A Nurse, Essay .... 012 Why Do You Want To Nurse Essay Example Thatsnotus. Narrative Essay: I want to be a nurse essay. Why i want to be a nurse essay examples. Why I want to be a Nurse .... 500 Word Essay on Why I Want to be a Nurse PDF Sample Summaries .... 019 Essay Example Why I Want To Become Nurse Thatsnotus. Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays .... Why you want to be a nurse essay by Williams April - Issuu. Essay Why I Want To Be A Nurse Narrative Essay Example. Why i want to be a nurse essay. 500 word essay on why i want to be a ... Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse. Business paper: Why do i want to be a nurse practitioner essay
Medical Ethics Case Study Essay
Medical Ethics Essay
Essay on What is Medical Ethics?
Essay on Religion and Medical Ethics
Medical Ethical Principles
Patient-Physician Contract
Medical Ethicism
Medical Ethics
Essay on Death with Dignity
human dignity
Meaning Of Dignity
Dignity Conserving Essay
Dignity and Respect
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Death With Dignity Essay
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10 Lines Essay on Indian Culture in English | Indian Culture 10 Points .... Paragraph on Indian Culture 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids .... essay on Indian culture and tradition in english : Indian culture and .... Write a short essay on Indian Culture | Essay Writing | English - YouTube. Essay on Indian Culture and Tradition for Students in 1200 Words. Essay on Indian Culture for Students and Children | PDF Download. Essay on India for Students from Class 6 to 12 - Leverage Edu. Write an essay on Indian Culture | English | Essay Writing. School essay on indian culture. Indian Culture Essay | Religious Faiths | Indian Religions. Indian culture and civilization essay. Indian Culture (A Collection of Essays). Short Essay on Indian Culture - Grand-Essays.com Blog. Heritage of India Essay | Essay on Heritage of India for Students and .... Indian culture essay writing in 2021 | Essay writing, Essay examples ....
In 300-500 words share whether or not you believe film has the pot.docxbradburgess22840
In 300-500 words share whether or not you believe film has the potential to transform one’s political sensibilities. And if you believe that your personal sensibilities have been (re)shaped or transformed by a particular film, say so. The objective here is to share your thoughts pertaining to the major thesis presented in Democracy and Difference.
Example
I have suggested that we should engage and be engaged by those persons who see and understand the world differently from those who sit comfortably within a dominant we society so that we might (re)imagine or discover a new place for democratic politics. And as film-goers who find ourselves more susceptible emotionally to the stimuli presented in a movie theatre, we can at times experience vicariously, yet deeply, the events, the stories, the lives of those who are different from ourselves. As individuals living in a multicultural and diverse society we should consider opening ourselves up to and welcoming such engagement and the possibilities for personal transformation in our individual sensibilities. Such a transformation might occur when one considers and compares the experiences of his or her life and the impact of those experiences on his or her identity next to those raw materials that make-up or construct the identity(ies) of those who are different from them, specifically those who have been marginalized, disregarded, and silenced by a dominant we society. I have suggested that when one truly sees Other, sees and hears the stories of difference crafted and told by the Other in film, one might come to respect the different voices and stories of those lives and thus allow him or herself to see and experience life from a new position, a transformed sensibility, where politics transcend convention. In other words, when we consider our lives next to those who are different from us, when we frame those different human stories next to our own personal human narrative we may come to understand how a particular human uncertainty and vulnerability informs all of our lives.
Identify two films not presented in class that you believe have the potential to transform one’s political sensibilities pertaining to deep differences. In addition to your recommendations, be sure to give a full citation and a short abstract for each of the two films you suggest.
Example
I have chosen film, cinema, in my work in order to theorize difficult questions regarding democracy and difference. There are, however, many points of caution in choosing to use film. Films often can reinforce and affirm stereotyped and demeaning images of others; that is, film is as effective a tool for installing as it is for challenging and overcoming oppression. However, as I write in Chapter One, the fictionalized realism of film can allow for a sharing of the different experiences that individuals live through and can serve as a helpful tool to uncover the raw materials that make up our various social or.
(last offices) 05 April 2011 - National End of Life Care Programme
Developed by the National End of Life Care Programme and National Nurse Consultant Group (Palliative Care), this guidance sets out key principles is intended as a guide for training, as well as for informing the development of organisational protocols for this area of care aims to provide a consistent view that accommodates England's diverse religious and multi-cultural beliefs.
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
Life Experience Essay Ideas. Life Experience Essay Example - Narrative essay ...Melissa Otero
001 My Experience Of Life Time Essay Example About Thatsnotus. Impressive Life Experience Essay Thatsnotus. Example Of Essay About Life Experience. Essay Experience Coretan. essay examples: Life Experience Essay. life experience essay example. Life Experience Essay Example - Narrative essay on life experiences jesus. Life experience essay example. Free Essay about Experience in Life SpeedyPaper.com. Sample Experience Essay. Life Experience Essay Example College admission statistics. How to Write an Essay Describing a Life Experience Synonym - Write an .... Life experience essay 100 words to know. Essay about experience in life. An Unforgettable Experience In My .... Reflection Essay: Life experience essay ideas. 014 Narrative Essay Sample Of Personal Experience Essays L Thatsnotus. Significant life experiences essays. A Significant Experience That .... My Life Experience Essay Telegraph. Write An Essay About Your Life Experience Best Writing Company. 004 Essay Example Personal Experience Examples Thatsnotus. Essay About Personal Experience. Life Experience Essay. A memorable experience in my life. Memorable Experience: Free .... An Experience That Changed My Life Essay. An Experience That Changed My Life Essay - Essays About Experiences ... Life Experience Essay Ideas Life Experience Essay Ideas. Life Experience Essay Example - Narrative essay on life experiences jesus
Havi Carel, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of the West of England, talks about her experiences of being a patient and draws on insights, ideas and techniques from philosophy to understand the experience of illness.
By Paul J. HoehnerThroughout the land, arising from the throngTawnaDelatorrejs
By Paul J. Hoehner
Throughout the land, arising from the throngs of converts to bioethics awareness, there can be heard a mantra, “...beneficence…autonomy…justice…” It is this ritual incantation in the face of biomedical dilemmas that beckons our inquiry (Clouser & Gert, 1990, p. 219).
Ethics as a theological discipline is the auxiliary science in which an answer is sought in the Word of God to the questions of the goodness of human conduct. As a special elucidation of the doctrine of sanctification it is reflection on how far the Word of God proclaimed and accepted in Christian preaching effects a definite claiming of man. (Barth, 1981, p. 3)
Essential Questions
· What are the four elements of a Christian worldview and how do they influence a Christian approach to medicine, healing, and medical ethics?
· What are the four principles of medical ethics and how are they defined? How can a Christian appropriately use these four principles?
· What is meant by specifying, balancing, and weighing the principles? How does a Christian worldview influence how one defines and uses each of these four principles?
· What is the four-boxes approach to organizing an ethical case study? What is the difference and the relationship between the four-boxes approach, and the four principles of medical ethics?
· What are the four ethical topics that compose the four-boxes approach and what questions does each topic entail? How does the four-boxes approach help solve ethical dilemmas in a case study?
Introduction
Biomedical ethics, or bioethics, is a subfield of ethics concerned with the ethics of medicine and the ethical issues involving the life sciences, particularly those raised by modern technologies, such as stem cell research and cloning. The term medical ethics is closely related to biomedical ethics but is primarily focused on ethical issues raised in the practice of medicine and medical research, such as abortion, euthanasia, and medical treatment decisions (World Medical Association, 2015).
Because the terms biomedical ethics and medical ethics are closely related and involve a great deal of overlapping subject area, they will be used interchangeably to avoid confusion. The study of biomedical ethics and medical ethics presents some of the most complex and controversial challenges in applied ethics. The complexities of dealing with individual patients and the intricacies of modern health care, coupled with the rapid advances being made in medical science, present formidable challenges. For many health care workers, clinical ethical dilemmas will often challenge their own settled positions, especially if they have not taken the opportunity to reflect critically on their own moral presuppositions and how their own intuitive ethical positions may be justified.
When one encounters the many ways the world and even portions of the Christian church respond to ethical issues, it is easy to be tempted to think there are no right or wrong answers. The complexity o ...
Ethics in dentisrty power point presentationHamnazBeegumpp
The dental profession is a vocation in which knowledge and skill is used for the service of others.
One of the characteristics of a profession is adherence to a code of ethics. Being a health care provider it carrier with it a responsibility to individual patients and society confers on the professionals requires them to behave in an ethical manner.
Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse. Business paper: Why do i want to be a nurs...Britney Gilbert
Why I Want to Be a Nurse Essay Writing Tips. Why Did A Choose To Be A Nurse Essay PDF. Why Nursing Is A Good Major Essay - EducationScientists. Why i want to be a nurse essay - Writing Center 24/7.. 019 Essay Example Nursing Examples Sample Help Writing For Paper .... Why i want to be a nurse essay admission. Samples. 2019-02-27. 015 Essay Example Why I Want To Become Nurse Thatsnotus. Why i Want to Be a Nurse Essay 4 Compassion Nursing. Why do i want to become a nurse essay. Essay on Why I Want to Become .... Why Do You Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example - Reasons for Become a eNurse. Business paper: Why do i want to be a nurse practitioner essay. Why be a nurse essay sample. Essay on Why I Want to Be a Nurse. 2019 .... Why do you want to be a nurse essay. Why I Want To Be A Family Nurse .... 010 Why Do I Want To Nurse Essay Become Sample L Thatsnotus. Stunning Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Thatsnotus. Essay on Why I Want to Become a Nurse for all Class in 100 to 500 Words. Magnificent Reasons To Become A Nurse Essay Thatsnotus. Why I want to be a nurse Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays .... Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse Telegraph. Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example for Free - 1299 Words EssayPay. Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Samples Sitedoct.org. Why do i want to be a nurse essay. Why I Want To Be A Nurse, Essay .... 012 Why Do You Want To Nurse Essay Example Thatsnotus. Narrative Essay: I want to be a nurse essay. Why i want to be a nurse essay examples. Why I want to be a Nurse .... 500 Word Essay on Why I Want to be a Nurse PDF Sample Summaries .... 019 Essay Example Why I Want To Become Nurse Thatsnotus. Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays .... Why you want to be a nurse essay by Williams April - Issuu. Essay Why I Want To Be A Nurse Narrative Essay Example. Why i want to be a nurse essay. 500 word essay on why i want to be a ... Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay On Why I Want To Be A Nurse. Business paper: Why do i want to be a nurse practitioner essay
Medical Ethics Case Study Essay
Medical Ethics Essay
Essay on What is Medical Ethics?
Essay on Religion and Medical Ethics
Medical Ethical Principles
Patient-Physician Contract
Medical Ethicism
Medical Ethics
Essay on Death with Dignity
human dignity
Meaning Of Dignity
Dignity Conserving Essay
Dignity and Respect
On The Dignity Of Man
Death With Dignity Essay
Ethics in Science Essay
Four Ethical Principles
Philosophy of Ethics Essay
Ethics In Nursing Essay
Ethical Dilemma Essay
Ethics In The Workplace Essay
Ethics and Education Essay
What Does Ethics Mean? Essay
My Personal Ethics Essay
Ethical Definition Essay
Ethics in Research Essay
10 Lines Essay on Indian Culture in English | Indian Culture 10 Points .... Paragraph on Indian Culture 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids .... essay on Indian culture and tradition in english : Indian culture and .... Write a short essay on Indian Culture | Essay Writing | English - YouTube. Essay on Indian Culture and Tradition for Students in 1200 Words. Essay on Indian Culture for Students and Children | PDF Download. Essay on India for Students from Class 6 to 12 - Leverage Edu. Write an essay on Indian Culture | English | Essay Writing. School essay on indian culture. Indian Culture Essay | Religious Faiths | Indian Religions. Indian culture and civilization essay. Indian Culture (A Collection of Essays). Short Essay on Indian Culture - Grand-Essays.com Blog. Heritage of India Essay | Essay on Heritage of India for Students and .... Indian culture essay writing in 2021 | Essay writing, Essay examples ....
In 300-500 words share whether or not you believe film has the pot.docxbradburgess22840
In 300-500 words share whether or not you believe film has the potential to transform one’s political sensibilities. And if you believe that your personal sensibilities have been (re)shaped or transformed by a particular film, say so. The objective here is to share your thoughts pertaining to the major thesis presented in Democracy and Difference.
Example
I have suggested that we should engage and be engaged by those persons who see and understand the world differently from those who sit comfortably within a dominant we society so that we might (re)imagine or discover a new place for democratic politics. And as film-goers who find ourselves more susceptible emotionally to the stimuli presented in a movie theatre, we can at times experience vicariously, yet deeply, the events, the stories, the lives of those who are different from ourselves. As individuals living in a multicultural and diverse society we should consider opening ourselves up to and welcoming such engagement and the possibilities for personal transformation in our individual sensibilities. Such a transformation might occur when one considers and compares the experiences of his or her life and the impact of those experiences on his or her identity next to those raw materials that make-up or construct the identity(ies) of those who are different from them, specifically those who have been marginalized, disregarded, and silenced by a dominant we society. I have suggested that when one truly sees Other, sees and hears the stories of difference crafted and told by the Other in film, one might come to respect the different voices and stories of those lives and thus allow him or herself to see and experience life from a new position, a transformed sensibility, where politics transcend convention. In other words, when we consider our lives next to those who are different from us, when we frame those different human stories next to our own personal human narrative we may come to understand how a particular human uncertainty and vulnerability informs all of our lives.
Identify two films not presented in class that you believe have the potential to transform one’s political sensibilities pertaining to deep differences. In addition to your recommendations, be sure to give a full citation and a short abstract for each of the two films you suggest.
Example
I have chosen film, cinema, in my work in order to theorize difficult questions regarding democracy and difference. There are, however, many points of caution in choosing to use film. Films often can reinforce and affirm stereotyped and demeaning images of others; that is, film is as effective a tool for installing as it is for challenging and overcoming oppression. However, as I write in Chapter One, the fictionalized realism of film can allow for a sharing of the different experiences that individuals live through and can serve as a helpful tool to uncover the raw materials that make up our various social or.
(last offices) 05 April 2011 - National End of Life Care Programme
Developed by the National End of Life Care Programme and National Nurse Consultant Group (Palliative Care), this guidance sets out key principles is intended as a guide for training, as well as for informing the development of organisational protocols for this area of care aims to provide a consistent view that accommodates England's diverse religious and multi-cultural beliefs.
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
Life Experience Essay Ideas. Life Experience Essay Example - Narrative essay ...Melissa Otero
001 My Experience Of Life Time Essay Example About Thatsnotus. Impressive Life Experience Essay Thatsnotus. Example Of Essay About Life Experience. Essay Experience Coretan. essay examples: Life Experience Essay. life experience essay example. Life Experience Essay Example - Narrative essay on life experiences jesus. Life experience essay example. Free Essay about Experience in Life SpeedyPaper.com. Sample Experience Essay. Life Experience Essay Example College admission statistics. How to Write an Essay Describing a Life Experience Synonym - Write an .... Life experience essay 100 words to know. Essay about experience in life. An Unforgettable Experience In My .... Reflection Essay: Life experience essay ideas. 014 Narrative Essay Sample Of Personal Experience Essays L Thatsnotus. Significant life experiences essays. A Significant Experience That .... My Life Experience Essay Telegraph. Write An Essay About Your Life Experience Best Writing Company. 004 Essay Example Personal Experience Examples Thatsnotus. Essay About Personal Experience. Life Experience Essay. A memorable experience in my life. Memorable Experience: Free .... An Experience That Changed My Life Essay. An Experience That Changed My Life Essay - Essays About Experiences ... Life Experience Essay Ideas Life Experience Essay Ideas. Life Experience Essay Example - Narrative essay on life experiences jesus
Havi Carel, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of the West of England, talks about her experiences of being a patient and draws on insights, ideas and techniques from philosophy to understand the experience of illness.
By Paul J. HoehnerThroughout the land, arising from the throngTawnaDelatorrejs
By Paul J. Hoehner
Throughout the land, arising from the throngs of converts to bioethics awareness, there can be heard a mantra, “...beneficence…autonomy…justice…” It is this ritual incantation in the face of biomedical dilemmas that beckons our inquiry (Clouser & Gert, 1990, p. 219).
Ethics as a theological discipline is the auxiliary science in which an answer is sought in the Word of God to the questions of the goodness of human conduct. As a special elucidation of the doctrine of sanctification it is reflection on how far the Word of God proclaimed and accepted in Christian preaching effects a definite claiming of man. (Barth, 1981, p. 3)
Essential Questions
· What are the four elements of a Christian worldview and how do they influence a Christian approach to medicine, healing, and medical ethics?
· What are the four principles of medical ethics and how are they defined? How can a Christian appropriately use these four principles?
· What is meant by specifying, balancing, and weighing the principles? How does a Christian worldview influence how one defines and uses each of these four principles?
· What is the four-boxes approach to organizing an ethical case study? What is the difference and the relationship between the four-boxes approach, and the four principles of medical ethics?
· What are the four ethical topics that compose the four-boxes approach and what questions does each topic entail? How does the four-boxes approach help solve ethical dilemmas in a case study?
Introduction
Biomedical ethics, or bioethics, is a subfield of ethics concerned with the ethics of medicine and the ethical issues involving the life sciences, particularly those raised by modern technologies, such as stem cell research and cloning. The term medical ethics is closely related to biomedical ethics but is primarily focused on ethical issues raised in the practice of medicine and medical research, such as abortion, euthanasia, and medical treatment decisions (World Medical Association, 2015).
Because the terms biomedical ethics and medical ethics are closely related and involve a great deal of overlapping subject area, they will be used interchangeably to avoid confusion. The study of biomedical ethics and medical ethics presents some of the most complex and controversial challenges in applied ethics. The complexities of dealing with individual patients and the intricacies of modern health care, coupled with the rapid advances being made in medical science, present formidable challenges. For many health care workers, clinical ethical dilemmas will often challenge their own settled positions, especially if they have not taken the opportunity to reflect critically on their own moral presuppositions and how their own intuitive ethical positions may be justified.
When one encounters the many ways the world and even portions of the Christian church respond to ethical issues, it is easy to be tempted to think there are no right or wrong answers. The complexity o ...
Intervención de Federico Relimpio, FEA del HUVR, en el congreso anual de la Sociedad Andaluza de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Sevilla, 18 noviembre 2011.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. greater recognition that an assessment of the child’s quality of life should be made in relation to that
individual child and not a generic conception of the quality of life expected by a healthy child of
similar age. This could be interpreted as a reflection of the increasing importance given to respect
for persons as unique individuals whatever their capacity. Treating with dignity in the absence of
autonomy. As Justice Hoffman put it when discussing the benefits of the life of a child with
myotonic dystrophy who required continuous ventilation and was only able to move the muscles in
his eyebrow.
‘It is impossible to put a mathematical or any other value on the benefits. But they are precious and
real and they are the benefits, and only benefits, that M was destined to gain from his life.’
http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Fam/2006/507.html para 101‐2
The key legal case in England which set the law on withholding or withdrawing life sustaining
treatment in adults who lack capacity was that of Tony Bland. This was a young man who suffered
severe hypoxia during a major disaster that occurred at a football stadium in 1989 which led to him
being in a permanent vegetative state. In 1992 his physicians sought a declaration from the court
that it would not be unlawful to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration, thus allowing him to die.
His family were in agreement with the physicians’ views. The case went to the highest court in
England at the time, the House of Lords, and several key points of law were decided in the
judgement.
1. That artificial nutrition and hydration was a medical treatment.
2. That the sanctity of life principle was not absolute in English law.
3. That withdrawal or withholding of life sustaining medical treatment was lawful if
continuation of the treatment was not in the patient’s best interests.
The principle of best interests in English law was and remains the fundamental principle governing
treatment of people who lack capacity to make decisions about their own treatment. This was so
before the Bland case but in Bland their Lordships applied that principle to a case where
discontinuing treatment would result in death. As such they were recognising that there are
situations and conditions where the burden of treatment is so great and the quality of life
maintained by the treatment is so low that this outweighs the benefit of continued life. In
considering whether the treatment was in Tony Bland’s best interests Sir Thomas Bingham referred
to wider and less tangible considerations than pain and suffering.
‘An objective assessment of Mr Bland’s best interests viewed through his eyes would in my opinion
give weight to the constant invasions and humiliations to which his inert body is subject; to the desire
he would naturally have to be remembered as a cheerful, carefree, gregarious teenager and not an
object of pity…’
This statement seems highly relevant to the development of a concept of dignity for patients who
are in the dying process or who are being sustained by treatment without which their underlying
condition would lead to death. Airedale NHS Trust v Bland [1993] AC 789
4. Professional guidance for physicians from the General Medical Council and the British Medical
Association have reiterated these legal points and provided a professional framework for a decision
making process at the end of life.
General Medical Council. Guidance on withholding and withdrawing life sustaining treatment
(currently being revised)
Patients who have capacity
I will now turn to the legal and ethical debate in England regarding end of life decisions by people
who have capacity or who make an advance statement about their wishes before they lose capacity.
When a decision involves refusal of a treatment by a competent/capacitous adult the law is very
clear, and was re stated in a well publicised case in 2002. In this case a lady who had suffered a
spinal artery haemorrhage which had left her paralysed from the neck down and requiring
mechanical ventilation to breathe requested that her treating medical team disconnect her
ventilator, provide her with appropriate medication so that she did not suffer as she became unable
to breathe and so to let her die. Her clinicians refused to follow her instructions because they felt
that to do so would in effect be killing the patient, an act contrary to their duty as clinicians to
preserve life and thus against their ethical principles and code of practice. The patient’s mental state
was assessed by several psychiatric experts and she was found to be competent to make this
decision. The case was unusual in that it was the first time in England that a court had convened in a
hospital but the case was heard with full court attendance in a side room of the intensive care unit
where the patient was being cared for. The judge in this case, Justice Butler Schloss, re stated the
legal principle of informed consent, that any adult who had capacity (and adults in English law are
assumed to have capacity unless it has been demonstrated that they lack capacity) can refuse any
treatment, even life sustaining treatment, and that to treat someone who has not given consent to
such treatment would be a battery and liable to civil damages.
It would appear that respect for autonomy, a component of dignity, is enshrined in law and
overrides any public interest in maintaining life, provided the person making the decision has
capacity. As Lord Donaldson stated in the earlier case of Bland
‘This situation gives rise to a conflict between two interests, that of the patient and that of the
society in which he lives. The patient’s interest consists of his right to self‐determination – his right to
live his own life how he wishes, even if it will damage his health or lead to his premature death.
Society’s interest is in upholding the concept that all human life is sacred and that it should be
preserved if at all possible. It is well established that in the ultimate the right of the individual is
paramount.’ Airedale NHS Trust v Bland [1993] AC 789 p112
The Mental Capacity Act has also made clear that this principle of respecting the right of the
individual to make decisions for him/herself holds true for decisions made in advance which are to
apply in the event of a person losing capacity, even when those decisions go against medical opinion
or the interests of society. Advance directives (or specifically in the Mental Capacity Act, Advance
Refusals of Treatment) are as binding, if they are valid and applicable to the situation, as if the
person was making a contemporaneous decision about his or her healthcare. The requirements for
an advance refusal of life sustaining treatment are:
• The person making it must be over eighteen
• The statement must be written, signed and witnessed
• The statement must specify that it relates to life sustaining treatment
If the criteria are fulfilled then a clinician providing treatment contrary to the directive would be
open to prosecution in battery.
5.
English law seems to be making a clear statement that the principles governing treatment at the end
of life are:
1. Capacitous choice must be respected.
2. A valid advance refusal is the same as a capacitous choice and must be respected.
3. If the person lacks capacity the decision must be in the person’s best interests.
4. Best interests must take account of the persons past and present wishes, beliefs and values
(MCA section 4(6))
Acts and omission
Having noted the emphasis on patient autonomy and patient views informing decisions about best
interests it is interesting to note the different approach of English law when patients request active
measures to end their life or assistance from their physicians in bringing their life to an end. The year
before Ms B (the lady with spinal artery haemorrhage) requested that her doctors remove her
ventilator support another patient also sought help from the courts to allow her to end her life when
her disease had reached a stage that she no longer wished to continue living. Diane Pretty was a lady
with motor neurone disease whose condition was deteriorating to such an extent that it was not
possible for her to take her own life even if she wished to. She therefore sought a declaration from
the court that if her husband assisted her in taking her own life he would not be prosecuted under
the Suicide Act1961 which prohibits aiding and abetting suicide. Mrs Pretty argued that refusal to
provide this reassurance was a breach of her rights under articles 1, 2 and 8 of the European
Convention on Human Rights, a right to life, prohibition of torture, and a right to a private and family
life. Her case was rejected by the House of Lords in England and she appealed to the European Court
who also rejected her claim that her rights had been denied under the convention. The court ruled
that
"It did not appear to be arbitrary for the law to reflect the importance of the right to life, by
prohibiting assisted suicide while providing for a system of enforcement and adjudication which
allowed due regard to be given in each particular case to the public interest in bringing a prosecution,
as well as to the fair and proper requirements of retribution and deterrence."
Mrs Pretty’s autonomous wish was to have control over her death and to die at a time of her
choosing. Her husband’s autonomous wish was to assist her in this by administering the medication
that would bring about her death. The courts judged that her right to self determination in this
respect was constrained by the public interest in the importance of the right to, or sanctity of, life.
This seems to be at odds with the statement by Lord Donaldson in Bland that society’s interest in
preserving life gives way to the individual’s right to self determination.
The key difference on which English law appears to turn with regard to end of life decisions and
respecting patient autonomy is the distinction between an act and an omission. Deliberately
performing an act, for example giving an injection, which results in the person’s death is unlawful
and would be regarded as murder. However omitting to provide a treatment, for example
withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition, which results in a person’s death may be lawful if it is
thought to be in the patient’s best interests. If a patient requests that life sustaining treatment be
omitted then her wishes must be respected and it would be unlawful (a battery) to continue to treat
her. If a patient requests that her physician performs an act that brings about death her wishes
cannot be respected and compliance with them would be unlawful (murder or assisted suicide
depending on the act performed).