Steps involving in Polymerase Chain Reaction IPCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a specific segment of DNA. It was first developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis and has since become a widely used method in many fields of research, including genetics, forensics, and medical diagnostics. The PCR process involves three main steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension. In the denaturation step, the double-stranded DNA template is heated to separate the two strands. In the annealing step, primers that are specific to the target DNA sequence are added and allowed to bind to the single-stranded DNA template. In the extension step, a heat-stable DNA polymerase enzyme adds nucleotides to the primers, extending the new DNA strand. By repeating these three steps multiple times, the original DNA sequence can be amplified exponentially, resulting in millions of copies of the target DNA sequence. PCR has many applications, including DNA sequencing, genotyping, gene expression analysis, and detection of infectious agents such as virus, fungi and bacteria