Pullution for health and safety

8. What is pollution?
• Pollution is the entry of pollutants into
the environment that are harmful,
inconvenient, or harmful to humans and
other organisms in the form of chemicals
or energy such as noise, heat, or light.
• Pollutants can be naturally occurring
substances or energy, but if they exceed
natural values, they are considered
pollutants.

9. What is the cause of
environmental
pollution?
• Environmental pollution occurs when
the environment is unable to treat and
neutralize the harmful by-products of human
activity (toxic gas emissions) without causing
structural or functional damage to the system.
• Pollution occurs because the natural
environment does not know how
elements (i.e., artificial pollutants) are
people artificially decompose these pollutants.
It can take years for nature to try to break
down pollutants. In the case of radioactive
contaminants, which is one of the worst
thousands of years for these contaminants to
decompose.

10. Why is pollution
control important?
• It is of utmost importance as it
adversely affects key environmental
services such as clean air and water
supplies. Without it, there would be no
earth that we know. People are the
pollution.
• Pollution affects our environment
because water pollution can affect the
living conditions of humans and plants.
Pollution can cause the beginning and
decline of our environment. If you don't
have clean water for plants and trees,
how can you make paper for people to
eat and grow vegetables?
• Therefore, big ideas affect the

16. • Air pollution is a familiar
environmental health hazard. We
know what we’re looking at when
brown haze settles over a city,
exhaust billows across a busy
highway, or a plume rises from a
smokestack. Some air pollution is not
seen, but its pungent smell alerts you.
• It is a major threat to global health
and prosperity. Air pollution, in all
forms, is responsible for more than
6.5 million deaths each year globally,
a number that has increased over the
past two decades.

22. Sulphur Dioxide by Volcanoes

29. PM is often classified according to by aerodynamic size and referred to as:
coarse particles (PM10; particles that are less than 10 microns (µm) in diameter)
fine particles (PM2.5; particles that are less than 2.5 µm in diameter)
ultrafine particles (PM0.1; particles that are less than 0.1 µm in diameter)
The size of particles and the duration of exposure are key determinants of
potential adverse health effects. Particles larger than 10 µm are mainly
deposited in the nose or throat, whereas particles smaller than 10 µm pose the
greatest risk because they can be drawn deeper into the lung.
The strongest evidence for effects on health is associated with fine particles
(PM2.5).

53. How does air pollution affect our health?
When the national ambient air quality
standards were established in 1970, air
pollution was regarded primarily as a
threat to respiratory health. In 1993,
NIEHS researchers published the
landmark six cities study, which
established an association between fine
particulate matter and mortality.
Research on air pollution and health effects
continually advances. Public health concern
now includes cancer, cardiovascular disease,
respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus,
obesity, and reproductive, neurological, and
immune system disorders

61. Air Pollution and
Climate Change
• Air pollution and climate change
affect each other through
complex interactions in the
atmosphere.
• Air pollution is intricately linked
with climate change because both
problems come largely from the
same sources, such as emissions
from burning fossil fuels. Both are
threats to people’s health and the
environment worldwide.

72. Policies reducing air pollution
for industry: clean technologies that reduce industrial smokestack emissions;
improved management of urban and agricultural waste, including capture of
methane gas emitted from waste sites as an alternative to incineration (for use
as biogas);
for energy: ensuring access to affordable clean household energy solutions for
cooking, heating and lighting;
for transport: shifting to clean modes of power generation; prioritizing rapid
urban transit, walking and cycling networks in cities as well as rail interurban
freight and passenger travel; shifting to cleaner heavy-duty diesel vehicles and
low-emissions vehicles and fuels, including fuels with reduced sulfur content;

73. for urban planning: improving the energy efficiency of buildings and
making cities more green and compact, and thus energy efficient;
for power generation: increased use of low-emissions fuels and
renewable combustion-free power sources (like solar, wind or
hydropower); co-generation of heat and power; and distributed
energy generation (e.g. mini-grids and rooftop solar power
generation);
for municipal and agricultural waste management: strategies for waste
reduction, waste separation, recycling and reuse or waste reprocessing,
as well as improved methods of biological waste management such as
anaerobic waste digestion to produce biogas, are feasible, low-cost
alternatives to the open incineration of solid waste – where incineration
is unavoidable, then combustion technologies with strict emission

74. • for health-care activities: putting health services on a low-carbon
development path can support more resilient and cost-efficient service
delivery, along with reduced environmental health risks for patients, health
workers and the community. In supporting climate friendly policies, the
health sector can display public leadership while also improving health
service delivery.

85. • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-air-
pollution/health-matters-air-pollution