This document discusses policy options for environmental governance of fisheries in the Arctic region. It notes that warming waters are likely to extend fish stock ranges into more northern areas. Currently, there are international mechanisms to manage some Arctic fisheries but not those north of the Bering Strait. The document analyzes gaps including lack of research on Arctic fish stocks and ecosystems. It recommends that countries exchange information, conduct cooperative research, apply existing international fisheries norms, and work bilaterally and regionally to manage shared stocks as fisheries potentially expand across the Arctic.
The New International Economic Order (NIEO) emerged in the 1970s in response to concerns about imbalances in global trade and the world economy. Developing countries advocated for reforms that included permanent sovereignty over natural resources, restrictions on foreign investments, and greater preferential trade agreements. This was prompted by issues like rising oil prices, overfishing of marine resources, and developing countries feeling disadvantaged by the existing international system. The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and creation of exclusive economic zones further consolidated control over fisheries by coastal nations. While improving production and management in some cases, it also led to new challenges around regulating access and shared stocks. Various agreements and conventions were adopted to promote sustainable and equitable management of fisher
The document discusses the partnership between Sea Grant and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI). It provides background on Sea Grant, noting its mission to enhance coastal resource use and conservation. It also describes GoMRI, which was established by BP with $500 million over 10 years to study the effects of hydrocarbon releases on the environment and public health. GoMRI is led by an independent academic research board. The Sea Grant oil spill science team identifies and shares peer-reviewed research results from GoMRI and other funded projects.
This document discusses the successes and challenges of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) in managing marine resources in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. CCAMLR has successfully managed fisheries through an ecosystem approach, addressing issues like seabird bycatch and illegal fishing. However, it faces ongoing challenges around balancing conservation and fishing interests, and debates around climate change and establishing marine protected areas. CCAMLR's consensus-based decision making has helped shape outcomes but can be challenging with differing member interests.
This document discusses different aspects of fishery management and regulation. It begins by outlining the three main activities of fishery management: regulation of fishing, environmental management, and artificial stock enhancement. It then discusses the origins of public policy around fishing and ownership of fish resources. The document goes on to outline current objectives of fishing regulation such as conservation and allocation of fishing rights. It also describes different methods that are used to regulate fishing.
Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
The Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, commonly referred to as the Magnuson–Stevens Act, is the legal provision for promoting optimal exploitation of U.S. coastal fisheries. Enacted in 1976, it has since been amended in line with sustainability policy.
Cofi 110 fisheries management and conservationHerbert Pinkian
This document discusses the goals and objectives of fisheries management according to the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. It outlines that the overarching goal is the long-term sustainable use of fisheries resources. Specifically, the goals are to maintain target species and ecosystem health while maximizing economic and social benefits like employment and food supply. Objectives aim to operationalize these goals, for example maintaining fish populations above 50% of unexploited levels. International agreements through bodies like the UN are needed to regulate fisheries that cross borders or are in international waters.
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...Iwl Pcu
Presentation during the focused learning discussion on Marine Fisheries at the 4th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Barbara Hanchard
Project Coordinator
Pacific Islands Oceanic Fisheries Management Project www.ffa.int
The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act is the primary law governing marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters.
First passed in 1976, the MSA fosters long-term biological and economic sustainability of our nation’s marine fisheries. Key objectives of the MSA are to:
Prevent overfishing.
Rebuild overfished stocks.
Increase long-term economic and social benefits.
Ensure a safe and sustainable supply of seafood.
The New International Economic Order (NIEO) emerged in the 1970s in response to concerns about imbalances in global trade and the world economy. Developing countries advocated for reforms that included permanent sovereignty over natural resources, restrictions on foreign investments, and greater preferential trade agreements. This was prompted by issues like rising oil prices, overfishing of marine resources, and developing countries feeling disadvantaged by the existing international system. The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and creation of exclusive economic zones further consolidated control over fisheries by coastal nations. While improving production and management in some cases, it also led to new challenges around regulating access and shared stocks. Various agreements and conventions were adopted to promote sustainable and equitable management of fisher
The document discusses the partnership between Sea Grant and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI). It provides background on Sea Grant, noting its mission to enhance coastal resource use and conservation. It also describes GoMRI, which was established by BP with $500 million over 10 years to study the effects of hydrocarbon releases on the environment and public health. GoMRI is led by an independent academic research board. The Sea Grant oil spill science team identifies and shares peer-reviewed research results from GoMRI and other funded projects.
This document discusses the successes and challenges of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) in managing marine resources in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. CCAMLR has successfully managed fisheries through an ecosystem approach, addressing issues like seabird bycatch and illegal fishing. However, it faces ongoing challenges around balancing conservation and fishing interests, and debates around climate change and establishing marine protected areas. CCAMLR's consensus-based decision making has helped shape outcomes but can be challenging with differing member interests.
This document discusses different aspects of fishery management and regulation. It begins by outlining the three main activities of fishery management: regulation of fishing, environmental management, and artificial stock enhancement. It then discusses the origins of public policy around fishing and ownership of fish resources. The document goes on to outline current objectives of fishing regulation such as conservation and allocation of fishing rights. It also describes different methods that are used to regulate fishing.
Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
The Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, commonly referred to as the Magnuson–Stevens Act, is the legal provision for promoting optimal exploitation of U.S. coastal fisheries. Enacted in 1976, it has since been amended in line with sustainability policy.
Cofi 110 fisheries management and conservationHerbert Pinkian
This document discusses the goals and objectives of fisheries management according to the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. It outlines that the overarching goal is the long-term sustainable use of fisheries resources. Specifically, the goals are to maintain target species and ecosystem health while maximizing economic and social benefits like employment and food supply. Objectives aim to operationalize these goals, for example maintaining fish populations above 50% of unexploited levels. International agreements through bodies like the UN are needed to regulate fisheries that cross borders or are in international waters.
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...Iwl Pcu
Presentation during the focused learning discussion on Marine Fisheries at the 4th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Barbara Hanchard
Project Coordinator
Pacific Islands Oceanic Fisheries Management Project www.ffa.int
The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act is the primary law governing marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters.
First passed in 1976, the MSA fosters long-term biological and economic sustainability of our nation’s marine fisheries. Key objectives of the MSA are to:
Prevent overfishing.
Rebuild overfished stocks.
Increase long-term economic and social benefits.
Ensure a safe and sustainable supply of seafood.
1) The document provides a whistle-stop tour of issues in marine management including overfishing, bycatch, benthic damage from fishing gear, expansion of fisheries to deeper waters and seamounts, and fishing down the food web.
2) It then summarizes approaches to ocean governance including how the ocean is divided, regional fisheries management organizations, international advisory bodies, and major policy documents.
3) Finally, it presents a case study of the West Greenland coldwater prawn fishery which underwent assessment for Marine Stewardship Council certification. The certification involved an ecological survey of the benthic habitat using camera and grab samples.
Fisheries crime and their sollution pptAshish sahu
What is fisheries crime?: Fisheries crime is an ill-defined legal concept referring to a range of illegal activities in the fisheries sector. These activities – frequently transnational and organized in nature – include illegal fishing, document fraud, drug trafficking, and money laundering.
Illegal fishing is a key driver of global overfishing, it threatens marine ecosystems, puts food security and regional stability at risk, and is linked to major human rights violations and even organized crime.
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the PacificSimon Funge-Smith
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the Pacific.
The 9th Asia Regional Partners’ Forum on Combating Environmental Crime (ARPEC)
22-23 June 2010, United Nations Conference Center (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand
Fisheries around the world are becoming over-exploited due to increased demand for fish and advances in fishing technology. Half of marine fisheries are now fully exploited or over-exploited, threatening this important food source. Solutions include designating protected fishing areas to allow fish populations to recover, and expanding sustainable aquaculture. However, overfishing remains a major threat, and without further regulation of fishing industries fisheries could collapse by 2048.
This document discusses fishery resources and their conservation. It defines fishery resources as the biological aggregations used presently or in the future for fishing activities. Fishery resources include both living components like fish, aquatic plants, and microorganisms, as well as non-living aspects of the environment. These resources are important for food, economic and recreational activities. However, overfishing, habitat damage, pollution, and climate change threaten fishery resources. Conservation efforts aim to maintain ecosystem health and sustainability through restricting fishing effort, protecting habitats, reducing pollution, and addressing climate change.
Laws related to fishery in marine and inland sector soumya sardar
The document summarizes laws and agreements related to the conservation and management of marine fishery resources. It discusses:
- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which granted coastal states sovereignty over fishery resources within 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zones (EEZs).
- Issues around shared/migratory fish stocks that cross EEZ boundaries and the high seas, and how regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) help coordinate management.
- International agreements like the 1995 Agreement on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, which set standards for conserving these transboundary resources.
- Other topics covered include sustainable seafood
The document discusses Philippine laws related to fisheries and natural resources. It begins by outlining the hierarchy of laws, with the Constitution at the top, followed by national laws, international treaties, executive orders, and administrative orders from agencies like the Department of Agriculture. It then summarizes several key provisions in the Constitution related to natural resources and fisheries. Finally, it lists numerous national laws, international treaties, and executive and administrative orders that provide legal framework for managing fisheries and protecting the environment in the Philippines.
Fisheries regulatory and developmetal setup in centre andJYOTI SAROJ
This document summarizes fisheries regulation and management in India at both the central and state levels. At the central level, the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries oversees fisheries development. Several other central ministries are also involved. States regulate fishing zones, gear restrictions, and closed seasons under the Marine Fishing Regulation Act. A monsoon fishing ban is also in place. Comprehensive management is needed in the EEZ through vessel registration, seasonal closures, gear restrictions, and monitoring to ensure sustainable fisheries.
Techniques of fisheries management sudipSudip Mondal
This document discusses various techniques for fisheries management, including both conventional and developmental techniques.
Conventional techniques include regulatory methods focused on controlling fishing operations to protect stocks, such as limiting fishing gear, catch quotas, and establishing fishing grounds and seasons. Developmental techniques involve creating comprehensive "master plans" to develop the fishing industry over a period of time through sectoral targets, statistical surveys, objective identification, and target preparation. Implementation and evaluation are also discussed. Regulatory techniques further classify controls as blanket or selective across the catching, processing, and marketing branches of the industry.
Fisheries and aquaculture are receiving increasing attention, not only because they represent an important source of livelihoods and food, but also because of our increasing understanding of aquatic ecosystems.
Many fish stocks are currently overexploited, and the international nature of the resources makes them difficult to manage. Is the current food supply in danger?
1. Fisheries represent natural wealth that can contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction in developing coastal countries if managed optimally.
2. Traditional fisheries management focuses on production over sustainability, leading to overexploitation. A wealth-based approach centers on generating sustainable wealth from the resource through rent maximization.
3. Moving to a wealth-based model requires building capacity in predictive modeling, administration, industry organization, and implementing fishery management plans over many years with external assistance. The goal is to manage fisheries for long-term economic benefit and equitable distribution of wealth.
The Gulf of Mexico is a large, ecologically diverse body of water located in the southeastern United States. It contains a high level of biodiversity and supports important fisheries and other industries. However, the Gulf faces threats from pollution, coastal development, and other human activities. The largest threat was the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which released millions of barrels of oil over 87 days. The spill had widespread impacts on wildlife, habitats, and local economies that are still being studied years later. Clean up efforts were extensive but the long term environmental and economic consequences were immense.
The document discusses the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It originated from calls at FAO meetings in the early 1990s for more responsible fishing practices and management. The CCRF was finalized after international consultations from 1992-1995. It sets out voluntary principles and international standards for sustainable fishing. The CCRF aims to ensure effective conservation, management and development of living aquatic resources while also recognizing the nutritional, economic and cultural importance of fisheries.
The document discusses marine protected areas (MPAs) in the United States as managed by NOAA. It notes that over 1,600 MPAs have been established, protecting around 41% of US marine waters. The national system of MPAs coordinates management of these areas across different jurisdictions. While MPAs limit some activities like fishing to protect resources, most allow multiple uses. MPAs are classified based on their focus, level of protection, and other characteristics to facilitate management and conservation planning. NOAA's National MPA Center works to develop and support the national system of MPAs through activities like maintaining an MPA inventory and enhancing stewardship.
Many fishers and aquaculturists are poor and ill-prepared to adapt to change, making them vulnerable to impacts on fish resources. Nature of the climate change threat. Fisheries and aquaculture are threatened by changes in temperature and, in freshwater ecosystems, precipitation. Storms may become more frequent and extreme, imperilling habitats, stocks, infrastructure and livelihoods.
Economics of sustainable catch issues, various regulatory measures to enhance fishery productivity.
John A. Dixon
from materials prepared by
J. Vincent, T. Sterner, J.E. Padilla, and
Marian delos Angeles
johnkailua@aol.com
World Bank Institute
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) was adopted by FAO in 1995 to promote sustainable fishing practices. It provides principles and standards for the conservation, management, and development of fisheries. The CCRF recognizes the importance of fisheries for food, jobs, trade, and economic benefits. It encourages states and fisheries stakeholders to apply the Code to ensure responsible practices now and for future generations. The FAO aims to support implementation through projects, meetings, and calls for collaboration to fully achieve the CCRF's goals.
Kenya has implemented various industrial policies aimed at fostering industrialization and developing a globally competitive manufacturing sector by 2030. However, past policies based on import substitution and structural adjustment did not lead to significant industrial development. Kenya's current policies focus on improving infrastructure, access to finance, value addition in key sectors, innovation, and workforce skills. However, challenges remain including high costs, lack of competitiveness, weak policy coordination, and dumping of imports. Kenya is working to address these challenges through strategies like developing special economic zones and improving regional connectivity and trade.
This document provides an executive summary of the 2014 G20 Financial Inclusion Action Plan (FIAP). It summarizes that the GPFI has made progress implementing the original 2010 FIAP but now needs to focus on innovation, engagement with the private sector, and addressing regulatory barriers. The updated 2014 FIAP outlines 10 action areas for the GPFI to focus on over the next 5 years to further advance financial inclusion, such as improving SME finance and financial consumer protection. It maintains the GPFI's role as an inclusive platform for G20 members and other stakeholders to coordinate efforts to promote universal access to financial services.
1) The document provides a whistle-stop tour of issues in marine management including overfishing, bycatch, benthic damage from fishing gear, expansion of fisheries to deeper waters and seamounts, and fishing down the food web.
2) It then summarizes approaches to ocean governance including how the ocean is divided, regional fisheries management organizations, international advisory bodies, and major policy documents.
3) Finally, it presents a case study of the West Greenland coldwater prawn fishery which underwent assessment for Marine Stewardship Council certification. The certification involved an ecological survey of the benthic habitat using camera and grab samples.
Fisheries crime and their sollution pptAshish sahu
What is fisheries crime?: Fisheries crime is an ill-defined legal concept referring to a range of illegal activities in the fisheries sector. These activities – frequently transnational and organized in nature – include illegal fishing, document fraud, drug trafficking, and money laundering.
Illegal fishing is a key driver of global overfishing, it threatens marine ecosystems, puts food security and regional stability at risk, and is linked to major human rights violations and even organized crime.
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the PacificSimon Funge-Smith
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the Pacific.
The 9th Asia Regional Partners’ Forum on Combating Environmental Crime (ARPEC)
22-23 June 2010, United Nations Conference Center (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand
Fisheries around the world are becoming over-exploited due to increased demand for fish and advances in fishing technology. Half of marine fisheries are now fully exploited or over-exploited, threatening this important food source. Solutions include designating protected fishing areas to allow fish populations to recover, and expanding sustainable aquaculture. However, overfishing remains a major threat, and without further regulation of fishing industries fisheries could collapse by 2048.
This document discusses fishery resources and their conservation. It defines fishery resources as the biological aggregations used presently or in the future for fishing activities. Fishery resources include both living components like fish, aquatic plants, and microorganisms, as well as non-living aspects of the environment. These resources are important for food, economic and recreational activities. However, overfishing, habitat damage, pollution, and climate change threaten fishery resources. Conservation efforts aim to maintain ecosystem health and sustainability through restricting fishing effort, protecting habitats, reducing pollution, and addressing climate change.
Laws related to fishery in marine and inland sector soumya sardar
The document summarizes laws and agreements related to the conservation and management of marine fishery resources. It discusses:
- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which granted coastal states sovereignty over fishery resources within 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zones (EEZs).
- Issues around shared/migratory fish stocks that cross EEZ boundaries and the high seas, and how regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) help coordinate management.
- International agreements like the 1995 Agreement on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, which set standards for conserving these transboundary resources.
- Other topics covered include sustainable seafood
The document discusses Philippine laws related to fisheries and natural resources. It begins by outlining the hierarchy of laws, with the Constitution at the top, followed by national laws, international treaties, executive orders, and administrative orders from agencies like the Department of Agriculture. It then summarizes several key provisions in the Constitution related to natural resources and fisheries. Finally, it lists numerous national laws, international treaties, and executive and administrative orders that provide legal framework for managing fisheries and protecting the environment in the Philippines.
Fisheries regulatory and developmetal setup in centre andJYOTI SAROJ
This document summarizes fisheries regulation and management in India at both the central and state levels. At the central level, the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries oversees fisheries development. Several other central ministries are also involved. States regulate fishing zones, gear restrictions, and closed seasons under the Marine Fishing Regulation Act. A monsoon fishing ban is also in place. Comprehensive management is needed in the EEZ through vessel registration, seasonal closures, gear restrictions, and monitoring to ensure sustainable fisheries.
Techniques of fisheries management sudipSudip Mondal
This document discusses various techniques for fisheries management, including both conventional and developmental techniques.
Conventional techniques include regulatory methods focused on controlling fishing operations to protect stocks, such as limiting fishing gear, catch quotas, and establishing fishing grounds and seasons. Developmental techniques involve creating comprehensive "master plans" to develop the fishing industry over a period of time through sectoral targets, statistical surveys, objective identification, and target preparation. Implementation and evaluation are also discussed. Regulatory techniques further classify controls as blanket or selective across the catching, processing, and marketing branches of the industry.
Fisheries and aquaculture are receiving increasing attention, not only because they represent an important source of livelihoods and food, but also because of our increasing understanding of aquatic ecosystems.
Many fish stocks are currently overexploited, and the international nature of the resources makes them difficult to manage. Is the current food supply in danger?
1. Fisheries represent natural wealth that can contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction in developing coastal countries if managed optimally.
2. Traditional fisheries management focuses on production over sustainability, leading to overexploitation. A wealth-based approach centers on generating sustainable wealth from the resource through rent maximization.
3. Moving to a wealth-based model requires building capacity in predictive modeling, administration, industry organization, and implementing fishery management plans over many years with external assistance. The goal is to manage fisheries for long-term economic benefit and equitable distribution of wealth.
The Gulf of Mexico is a large, ecologically diverse body of water located in the southeastern United States. It contains a high level of biodiversity and supports important fisheries and other industries. However, the Gulf faces threats from pollution, coastal development, and other human activities. The largest threat was the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which released millions of barrels of oil over 87 days. The spill had widespread impacts on wildlife, habitats, and local economies that are still being studied years later. Clean up efforts were extensive but the long term environmental and economic consequences were immense.
The document discusses the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It originated from calls at FAO meetings in the early 1990s for more responsible fishing practices and management. The CCRF was finalized after international consultations from 1992-1995. It sets out voluntary principles and international standards for sustainable fishing. The CCRF aims to ensure effective conservation, management and development of living aquatic resources while also recognizing the nutritional, economic and cultural importance of fisheries.
The document discusses marine protected areas (MPAs) in the United States as managed by NOAA. It notes that over 1,600 MPAs have been established, protecting around 41% of US marine waters. The national system of MPAs coordinates management of these areas across different jurisdictions. While MPAs limit some activities like fishing to protect resources, most allow multiple uses. MPAs are classified based on their focus, level of protection, and other characteristics to facilitate management and conservation planning. NOAA's National MPA Center works to develop and support the national system of MPAs through activities like maintaining an MPA inventory and enhancing stewardship.
Many fishers and aquaculturists are poor and ill-prepared to adapt to change, making them vulnerable to impacts on fish resources. Nature of the climate change threat. Fisheries and aquaculture are threatened by changes in temperature and, in freshwater ecosystems, precipitation. Storms may become more frequent and extreme, imperilling habitats, stocks, infrastructure and livelihoods.
Economics of sustainable catch issues, various regulatory measures to enhance fishery productivity.
John A. Dixon
from materials prepared by
J. Vincent, T. Sterner, J.E. Padilla, and
Marian delos Angeles
johnkailua@aol.com
World Bank Institute
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) was adopted by FAO in 1995 to promote sustainable fishing practices. It provides principles and standards for the conservation, management, and development of fisheries. The CCRF recognizes the importance of fisheries for food, jobs, trade, and economic benefits. It encourages states and fisheries stakeholders to apply the Code to ensure responsible practices now and for future generations. The FAO aims to support implementation through projects, meetings, and calls for collaboration to fully achieve the CCRF's goals.
Kenya has implemented various industrial policies aimed at fostering industrialization and developing a globally competitive manufacturing sector by 2030. However, past policies based on import substitution and structural adjustment did not lead to significant industrial development. Kenya's current policies focus on improving infrastructure, access to finance, value addition in key sectors, innovation, and workforce skills. However, challenges remain including high costs, lack of competitiveness, weak policy coordination, and dumping of imports. Kenya is working to address these challenges through strategies like developing special economic zones and improving regional connectivity and trade.
This document provides an executive summary of the 2014 G20 Financial Inclusion Action Plan (FIAP). It summarizes that the GPFI has made progress implementing the original 2010 FIAP but now needs to focus on innovation, engagement with the private sector, and addressing regulatory barriers. The updated 2014 FIAP outlines 10 action areas for the GPFI to focus on over the next 5 years to further advance financial inclusion, such as improving SME finance and financial consumer protection. It maintains the GPFI's role as an inclusive platform for G20 members and other stakeholders to coordinate efforts to promote universal access to financial services.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous PeoplesDr Lendy Spires
This report from the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples focuses on the impact of extractive industries operating within or near indigenous territories. The report provides a summary of the Special Rapporteur's activities over the past year, including country reports and thematic studies. It then reviews responses to a questionnaire on extractive industries and indigenous rights, finding that such projects often pose the greatest challenges to the exercise of indigenous peoples' rights. The Special Rapporteur concludes by calling for further consultation to develop guidelines on protecting indigenous rights in the context of natural resource extraction affecting indigenous lands.
Global governance, indigenous peoples and the right to prior consultation in ...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes and analyzes an article about legal disputes over the prior consultation of indigenous peoples regarding economic projects on their lands. It discusses how these disputes are part of a broader process of "ethnicity.gov", where ethnic claims are increasingly governed by a plurality of public and private regulations. It argues that prior consultation processes have become highly contested as indigenous rights movements oppose neoliberal approaches. The document examines these issues through a case study of indigenous communities in Colombia facing displacement and violence from development, armed groups, and natural resource extraction. It explores how legal procedures have come to dominate indigenous resistance, and the paradox of both order and chaos coexisting in these "social minefields".
This document is a toolkit created by CAFOD, Christian Aid, and Trócaire to help civil society organizations in Africa monitor government policies. It provides tools and guidance for identifying relevant policies to monitor, collecting policy information, analyzing stakeholders and indicators, gathering evidence on policy implementation through surveys and interviews, and using evidence to advocate for policy changes. The toolkit was developed through research, pilot workshops in several countries, and input from partner organizations experienced in policy monitoring. It aims to foster constructive dialogue between governments and citizens to improve policies that benefit all.
Policy options for arctic environment governance environmental governanceDr Lendy Spires
The document discusses options for improving environmental governance in the Arctic region. It notes that while existing frameworks provide a starting point, rapid environmental changes require adaptations. Specifically, it recommends taking a precautionary, ecosystem-based approach through policies like scientific research, moratoria on activities, environmental impact assessments, and cross-border marine protected areas. This would help establish coordinated protection while economic interests in the region grow.
Extending social health insurance to the informal sector in kenyaDr Lendy Spires
This paper analyzes factors affecting demand for health insurance among informal sector workers in Kenya by assessing their perceptions, knowledge, and concerns regarding the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). Focus group discussions with informal sector workers found that the primary barrier to NHIF enrollment is a lack of knowledge about enrollment options and procedures. While some cited inability to pay, most expressed interest in health insurance and a willingness to pay for it. In sum, the determinants of NHIF demand were found to be less complex than expected and could be addressed through awareness raising, improving insurance design, and setting affordable contribution rates.
KIMBERLEY PROCESS THROUGH AN AFRICAN LENS: Reimagining responsibilities and d...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes discussions from a workshop on the Kimberley Process held in Johannesburg.
1. The workshop assessed the achievements and failures of the Kimberley Process over its first 10 years in bringing about conflict-free diamond trade in Africa. Participants discussed how the KP could be reformed and transformed given changing circumstances on the continent.
2. In his opening remarks, the chair of the KP argued that the scheme remains relevant for supporting African countries' development and governance of their extractive sectors. However, he acknowledged that the KP needs to adapt to changing times and consider the perspectives of African stakeholders.
3. Other topics of discussion included the role of informal artisanal mining, ensuring resource
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses policy options for environmental governance of fisheries in the Arctic region as the climate warms and sea ice retreats. It notes that little research has been done on fish stocks and ecosystems in the Arctic. Key policy options discussed include:
1) Exchanging information on Arctic marine ecosystems and resources and coordinating research programs.
2) Preparing to conserve and manage new or expanding fisheries within national jurisdictions and shared stocks.
3) Convening a conference to discuss commitments to research, general governance standards, and developing management mechanisms for future Arctic fisheries.
This document provides an overview of a workshop held in Barcelona on Indigenous Peoples and Peacebuilding. The workshop aimed to explore the relationship between indigenous rights and peacebuilding by identifying best practices from past and current peace processes. Participants discussed how discrimination against Indigenous Peoples can be a root cause of conflict and how protecting indigenous rights is key to sustainable peacebuilding. The document outlines debates around ensuring indigenous participation and accommodation of diversity in state institutions, as well as respecting Indigenous Peoples' rights to autonomy, territory, culture and development. Case studies from countries like Bolivia, Philippines, Guatemala, Peru and Kenya provided examples of best practices and lessons learned.
The informal sector plays a significant role in South Africa's economy. It makes up approximately 20% of GDP and involves around 6 million people. The informal sector consists of survival activities like street vending as well as embryonic businesses. While many start small, some entrepreneurs are able to grow their businesses. The informal and formal sectors interface in complex ways, with the informal sector both dependent on and competitive with the formal sector. The growth of the informal sector is an important factor in South Africa's economic transformation.
Transatlantic policy options for supporting adaptation in the marine arctic ...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes policy options for addressing rapid changes in the Arctic marine environment due to climate change. It describes the current fragmented governance framework, which includes various international agreements, Arctic institutions like the Arctic Council, and sector-specific regulations. However, it notes there are still regulatory gaps between and within different sectors regarding fisheries, offshore drilling, shipping, and tourism. New arrangements and strengthened rules are needed to better protect Arctic ecosystems and indigenous groups from increased human activities as sea ice melts and access to the region expands.
Transatlantic policy options for supporting adaptation in the marine arctic ...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes policy options for addressing rapid changes in the Arctic marine environment due to climate change. It describes the current fragmented governance framework, which includes various international agreements, Arctic institutions like the Arctic Council, and sector-specific regulations. However, it notes there are still regulatory gaps between and within different sectors regarding fisheries, offshore drilling, shipping, and tourism. New arrangements and strengthened international cooperation are needed to adequately manage increased human activity and protect Arctic ecosystems in a holistic, integrated manner.
Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...APPLE KATE SABAR
Development policy for SDGs
This copy of my research titled: Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A Basis for Enhancement of Protection Policies in the Philippines had been presented in the 2019 Asian Association for Public Administration International Conference, De La Salle College of Saint Benilde Manila, May 22-24, 2019
Norway manages its fisheries and aquaculture through an extensive legislative, regulatory, research, and control framework. Key aspects include:
1) Laws passed by Parliament governing marine resources, fishery participation, and aquaculture.
2) The Ministry of Fisheries oversees policy and management with advice from research institutions and the Directorate of Fisheries.
3) The Directorate of Fisheries regulates fisheries through quotas, licenses, and controls compliance through inspections and sales organizations.
Oceans Caucus Foundation: A Review of ISSF and IUU Chris Lischewski
This document summarizes the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) and issues related to illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. It discusses how ISSF works to address sustainability challenges in tuna fisheries through science, advocacy, and industry commitments. It also outlines the negative impacts of IUU fishing and describes two bills - the International Fisheries Stewardship and Enforcement Act and the Pirate Fishing Elimination Act - that aim to strengthen enforcement against foreign IUU fishing activities. The U.S. seafood industry supports both of these bills with minor modifications.
Healthy oceans are essential but are threatened by pollution, overfishing, climate change. Goal 14 aims to conserve oceans by reducing pollution, protecting ecosystems, addressing acidification, regulating fishing. The objectives are to prevent marine pollution, sustainably manage coastal areas, minimize acidification impacts, effectively regulate fishing. Targets include increasing protections, benefits for small island states, subsidies reform, international law enforcement, sustainable fishing. Research shows main pollutants are microplastics, sewage, plastic bottles/bags, fishing waste. Local and international cooperation is needed to sustainably manage oceans.
Overfishing is causing major environmental, economic, and political problems globally. Environmentally, overfishing damages ocean ecosystems and fish stocks. Economically, there are too many fishing vessels chasing too few fish, overcapitalizing the industry. Politically, countries struggle to agree on and enforce fishing quotas to regulate catch amounts. Potential solutions include implementing rights-based fisheries management, promoting sustainable practices, and increasing international cooperation through agreements.
Dave Aplin of WWF feared he had lost control of discussion groups at Climate Camp Alaska as participants debated strategies for dealing with climate change impacts. The meeting brought together community leaders, scientists, and educators from Bering Sea villages to discuss evidence that the region is experiencing early and significant signs of warming, such as changes in sea ice cover, ocean temperatures, wildlife behavior and populations, vegetation patterns, and more. WWF is working with partners locally and regionally to address climate change through initiatives like coastal research partnerships, media training, and policy engagement.
Full details at http://www.victoria.ac.nz/chaplains/whatson/do-something-fish.html
A Human FM-sponsored DO SOMETHING! event at the VUW Anglican Chaplaincy.
www.dosomething.org.nz
The document provides an overview of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) presented by Karthikachandran from the University of Kerala. The CCRF was adopted by FAO in 1995 and provides principles and standards for sustainable fisheries. It covers conservation, management, and development of fisheries. The summary includes the origins, goals, actors involved in implementing the CCRF, its structure with 12 articles addressing issues like fisheries management, fishing operations, aquaculture, and research.
Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"Shellfish Association
This document outlines the challenges and opportunities facing the new Association of IFCAs (Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities). It discusses the step change in marine management towards more integrated and ecosystem-based approaches required by initiatives like the revised Common Fisheries Policy, establishment of a network of Marine Protected Areas, and achievement of good environmental status under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive by 2020. The Association of IFCAs aims to help the regional IFCAs develop effective national leadership on fisheries and conservation management in line with their vision of sustainable marine environments and fisheries.
Comparative policy analyss us eu and transatlantic arctic policyDr Lendy Spires
This document provides a comparative analysis of U.S. and EU policy relevant to dealing with the effects of climate change in marine Arctic areas. Key points include:
- The U.S. and EU share interests in Arctic shipping, fisheries, and energy security, but differ in their jurisdictional approaches to Arctic governance.
- International Arctic governance is currently fragmented across various regional and sectoral agreements. Improved coordination is needed to address future challenges.
- The U.S. prioritizes adaptation policies in Alaska while the EU focuses on its Arctic policy and maritime policy. Both seek to balance development and environmental protection.
- Fisheries management, shipping regulations, offshore drilling policies, and engagement with indigenous
This document discusses a collaborative effort between The Nature Conservancy, fishermen, and government agencies to reduce the effects of bottom trawling off the Central Coast of California. They worked together to designate 1.5 million hectares of seafloor as protected areas closed to bottom trawling, while addressing the economic impacts on fishermen. The Nature Conservancy purchased fishing permits and vessels from willing sellers, contingent on the protected areas being adopted. This reduced trawling effort by 50% and set a precedent for public-private partnerships in fisheries management. It was the first time a large conservation group took an ownership position in a fishery.
South China Sea: Establishing a Regional System of Fisheries Refugia in the S...Iwl Pcu
Presentation by Takehiro Nakamura during the fisheries focused learning discussion at the 4th Biennial GEF International Waters Conference.
UNEP/GEF Regional Working Group on Fisheries (RWG-F)
http://refugia.unepscs.org
This document summarizes a presentation on international instruments for fisheries conservation and sustainable management, including areas beyond national jurisdiction. It discusses key agreements like the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. The Code aims to establish principles for responsible fisheries practices. Survey results show most countries have fisheries policies and legislation that partially conform to the Code, and many are working to improve alignment. The UN Fish Stocks Agreement also aims to ensure long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling and migratory fish stocks. Over 50 Regional Fisheries Bodies established conventions covering exclusive economic zones and areas beyond national jurisdiction.
The document discusses the policy objectives of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in Solomon Islands under the NCRA government from 2011-2013. It outlines several key policy statements, including facilitating fishery marketing infrastructure, developing inshore fishery facilities like aquaculture, establishing fishing companies, ensuring proper oversight of commercial activities in the fisheries sector, reviewing fishing license fees, and assisting local fishermen. It then discusses how MFMR executed work to achieve these policies, such as through their corporate plan for 2011-2013 that aimed to improve services for stakeholders while providing an enabling environment for fisheries development.
Similar to Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries (20)
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries
1. Fisheries – Page 1
POLICY OPTIONS FOR ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE Prepared by the Fisheries Working Group Co-Chairs Ambassador David Balton, US Department of Statexxxxxxxxx Mr. Kjartan Hoydal, North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission 5 March 2009 Background The Arctic region is warming, faster on average than the rest of the planet. This is true for marine as well as terrestrial areas of the Arctic. This warming trend is likely to have significant effects on communities and resources of nations bordering the Arctic Ocean and to affect the interests of other nations as well. The range and distribution of at least some fish stocks that occur in sub-Arctic regions and in the periphery of the Arctic itself will likely extend or move into more northerly areas as waters warm and sea ice retreats. In the Arctic marine area important fish stocks that support extensive subsistence and commercial capture fisheries exist and there are several international mechanisms to manage those fisheries. As those fisheries extend or move farther north, at least some of those management mechanisms will need to adapt to manage those fisheries in more northerly areas for which they are responsible.
In contrast with the area of the Arctic closest to the North Atlantic Ocean, the area of the Arctic closest to the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea (i.e., the area north of the Bering Strait), support no significant commercial fisheries, and only limited subsistence and artisanal fisheries close to shore. There are no international management mechanisms for fisheries north of the Bering Strait or for much of the high seas area in the center of the Arctic Ocean.1 A flurry of conferences on climate change and fisheries indicate that the prospect of large-scale commercial fisheries in the Arctic Ocean is not a short term (decadal) development, but a long- term (perhaps fifty-years) development.
The international community has developed a widely accepted set of norms and standards for the conservation and management of marine fisheries and their impacts on marine ecosystems that, in
1 However, the agreements establishing the International Commission on the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and the North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO) appear to allow them to exercise competence over the entire Arctic Ocean.
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principle, already apply to the Arctic marine area. Those norms and standards are set forth in such global instruments as: the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea; the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement and the 1993 FAO High Seas Fisheries Compliance Agreement; the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the four related FAO International Plans of Action; and relevant resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly.
Governments and stakeholders with interests in Arctic fisheries should begin to prepare for the conservation and management of future fisheries in the Arctic, within the general framework created by the norms and standards established by these and other relevant instruments. Indigenous communities that live along or near the Arctic marine area are particularly dependent on marine living resources and may become more so in the future. Inclusion of indigenous communities in policy discussions about the future management of Arctic fisheries provides the potential to maintain traditional links between these people and living marine resources. Recent Developments in the United States The U.S. North Pacific Fishery Management Council, which also has responsibility for managing fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone north of the Bering Strait, is developing a set of measures to close the U.S. Arctic EEZ to commercial fishing and to develop a first-ever Arctic Fisheries Management Plan. This plan, which is likely to become effective in 2010, would protect Arctic fishery resources and other species by generally prohibiting any expansion of commercial fisheries in the U.S. EEZ north of Alaska (in areas 3-200 miles from shore) until more is known about the ecology of that area, including the effects of climate change. In May-June 2008, the U.S. Congress passed and President Bush signed a Joint Resolution calling upon the United States to work with international partners to develop mechanism(s) to manage migratory and transboundary fish stocks in the Arctic Ocean. Recent Developments in Europe The efforts of Arctic nations to establish the outer limits of their continental shelves in the Arctic, and the implications of such efforts for control over energy and other continental shelf resources, has been the subject of high-level attention in Europe. This was raised in March 2008 by Javier Solana, the EU High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, and Benita Ferrero-Waldner, the EU Commissioner for External Relations. On fisheries issues, however, there has been no alert so far. There is a patchwork of international cooperation in fisheries matters already: bilateral arrangements, coastal states cooperation and multilateral cooperation in regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) and Regional Seas Programs, North Atlantic Fisheries Ministers’ Conference, North Atlantic Conference, etc. The Nordic Council of Ministers has taken up the issue (three EU member countries Denmark, Finland and Sweden are active in this cooperation). There has been cooperation with Russia through the Northern Dimension network. Major fisheries for pelagic species that are taking place in the high seas may be affected by changes in feeding migration.
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Analysis of policy shortcomings Little has been done to prepare for the likely expansion of commercial fishing in the Arctic. For most of the Arctic Ocean, the presence of ice-cover for most if not all of the year has inhibited research on fish stocks and related species. Accordingly, relatively little baseline data exists with respect to these living marine resources, nor is much known about the changes in their composition that may be occurring, particularly in the central portion of the Arctic Ocean. There has been little research conducted on the potential effects of commercial fishing on these resources and on Arctic marine ecosystem(s) as a whole. The international community has adopted a widely agreed set of norms and standards for the governance of marine fisheries that apply in the Arctic as they do elsewhere. It may nevertheless be useful for relevant governments to reaffirm the applicability of these norms and standards to the Arctic.
Except for the portion of the Arctic Ocean closest to the North Atlantic, there are no international mechanisms in place to guide relevant research and to adopt measures to conserve and manage shared fish stocks.2 Changes in distribution of major fish stocks may change the basis for allocations between fishing states. Allocation is always a difficult problem and has caused considerable delays in establishing adequate management policies for major fisheries in the North East Atlantic. Transparency and participation by stakeholders in international fisheries management mechanisms in the Arctic marine area is patchy. Key policy options The United States, the European Union and other states could: exchange existing information on Arctic marine ecosystems, on living marine resources in the Arctic and on existing Arctic fisheries; undertake, expand, support and coordinate cooperative Arctic research programs to improve understanding of these ecosystems, their resilience in the face of climate change and to assess the likelihood of new or expanding commercial fisheries in the Arctic; work towards ensuring that scientific methodologies and advice take full account of the various climate-related changes in the Arctic marine area; prepare for the conservation and management of new or expanding fisheries within parts of the Arctic marine area under their respective jurisdiction, including by means of effective policies for combating IUU fisheries under flags of non-compliance and through port state control to deter free riders taking advantage of changes in distribution; work on a bilateral or sub-regional basis with their respective neighbors toward the management of new or expanding fisheries for shared fish stocks in the Arctic Ocean;
2 See note 1 supra.
4. Fisheries – Page 4
ensure that bilateral and (sub-)regional fisheries management mechanisms are transparent and provide for the participation of stakeholders, including indigenous communities; seek to integrate fisheries conservation and management measures with efforts to regulate other activities that occur in the Arctic, such as shipping and the development of energy resources; convene or participate in a conference on the conservation and management of future Arctic fisheries. Such a conference could adopt some form of general statement or declaration that might:
Acknowledge the potential expansion of commercial fisheries in the Arctic;
Acknowledge the subsistence needs of indigenous communities that are traditionally dependent on marine living resources;
Make a commitment to undertake or enhance cooperative research efforts to assess the likely expansion of such fisheries in the Arctic and the potential effects of such fisheries on marine ecosystems and indigenous communities;
Recall that there already exists a body of general norms and standards pertaining to international fisheries arising from international agreements and other instruments, including relevant UNGA resolutions;
Affirm that those norms and standards apply in the Arctic as they do elsewhere;
Declare that they will not conduct new commercial fisheries or expand existing commercial fisheries in the Arctic until they have undertaken adequate assessments of the potential impacts of such fisheries on target and non-target species, on the marine ecosystem(s) as a whole, on the subsistence needs of indigenous communities and have developed conservation and management measures to ensure that such fisheries are sustainable; and
Consider the development of new multilateral mechanisms for conserving and managing future Arctic fisheries, including a possible Arctic Regional Fisheries Management Organization (or organizations).