Brief and important details about Pneumonia along with treatment , preventions and diagnosis. People often gets confuse between Bronchitis and Pneumonia which is tackled by this ppt and helps you understand it clearly.

1. PNEUMONIA
BY SHAZIA HASSAN
B.PHARMA
4TH YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION
~ It is an inflammatory condition of the lung
that is caused by a microbial agent.
~ “Pneumonitis” is a general term that
describe an inflammatory process in the lung
tissue that may predispose a patient to or
place a patient at risk for microbial invasion.
~ It is the leading cause of death from the
infectious disease.

3. INTRODUCTION
~At the end of breathing tubes in your lungs are cluster
of tiny air sacs. If you have pneumonia, these tiny sacs
become inflamed and fill up with fluid. Terms such as
bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia and double
pneumonia are sometimes used, but refer to the same
condition with the same causes and treatment.

4. PNEUMONIA

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
◦ High fever, Shaking chills
◦ Shortness of breath (Dyspnoea)
◦ Increased breathing rate
◦ Chest pain when you breathe deeply or cough
◦ Dusky or purplish skin colour (cyanosis) from poorly oxygenated
blood
◦ Fatigue and muscle aches
◦ Nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea
◦ Cough, particularly cough productive of sputum

9. BRONCHITIS
VS
PNEUMONIA

10. Diagnosis
Etiological diagnosis
Gram’s and culture of sputum
Blood cultures
Antigen Tests
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Serology
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Bronchoscopy
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11. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUTION
◦ Physical examination
◦ Chest X-Ray
◦ Gram stain and culture and sensitivity tests of sputum
◦ Blood culture
◦ CT Scan and thorax
◦ Transtracheal aspirate
◦ Fiberoptic bronchoscopy or transcutaneous needle aspiration/biopsy
◦ Transcutaneous oxygen level analysis or ABG

12. TREATMENT
◦ Most people can be treated at home.
◦ pneumonia becomes so severe that treatment is in the hospital,you may receive
fluids and antibiotics in your veins, oxygen therapy, and possibly breathing
treatments
◦ Viral Pneumonia: Antivirals like Oseltamivie (Tamiflu) and zanamivir(Relenza)
◦ Bacterial pneumonia: Patients with mild pneumonia who are‘otherwise healthy
are treated with oral macrolide antibiotics(azithromycin, clarthromycin, or
erythromycin)
◦ Patients with other serious illnesses, such as heart disease, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, or emphysema, kidney disease, or diabetes are often given
more powerful and/or higher dose antibiotis,

13. Treatment – oral antibiotics
◦Common medications for treating pneumonia:
◦ Penicillins: Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
◦ Sulfonamides: Co-trimoxazole
◦ Macrolides: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin,Erythromycin
◦ 2nd generation Cephalosporins: Cefaclor
◦ Dose according to child’s weight

14. Surgical therapy
◦ * Failure of medical treatment for 8 weeks.
◦ * Complications: Massive Hemoptysis, Bronchopheuralfistula or
empyema,
◦ * Specific pathology: Persistence of cavity larger that6cm after
medical therapy, Necrotizing pneumonia, Suspicion of Malignant
abscess, Bronchial obstruction with a foreign body or neoplasm &
Infection with resistant bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi. Nonbacterial
cause of cavitary lung disease may bepresent, such as lung infarction,
cavitating neoplasm, and vasculitis. The infection of a pre-existing
sequestration, cyst, or bulla.
Surgical indications of resection (lobectomy) in lung abscess are:

15. MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA
◦Don’t smoke
◦Practice good hygiene
◦Stay rested and fit
◦Wearing surgical masks by the sick may also prevent illness
◦Appropiatele treating underlying llnesses (such as
HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and malnutrition) can
deacrease the risk of pneumonia.
◦Geta a Pneumonia Vaccination

16. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION