please help me with this question tooSolutionlight is el.pdf
•
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please help me with this question too Solution light is electromagnetic but sound is not. Sound waves exist as variations of pressure in a medium such as air. They are created by the vibration of an object, which causes the air surrounding it to vibrate. The vibrating air then causes the human eardrum to vibrate, which the brain interprets as sound. so these are just physical disturbance waves and they are transverse waves means direction of propagation is perpendicular to vibration of waves. Light consists of both electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other and are synchronised and travel at speed of light.
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for the normal distrbution, the proportion in the tail beyond z= 1.5.pdf
for the normal distrbution, the proportion in the tail beyond z= 1.50 is p=0.0668. Based on this
information,what is the proportion in the tail beyond z=-1.50? Please show detailed work on how
the answer was found.
Solution
Since z-distribution is symmetric so the proportion in the tail beyond z=-1.50 is also p=0.0668..
For a square matrix A, which vectors are orthogonal to the vectors i.pdf
For a square matrix A, which vectors are orthogonal to the vectors in the null space, the vectors
in Col(A) or the vectors in Row(A)?
Solution
Let null space vector of A be x
And Ri be ith row of A
So ith row element of Ax is Ri*x
Since , x is in null space so Ax=0
HEnce, Rix=0
HEnce, vectors in Row(A) are orthogonal to vectors in null space of A.
Five individuals, including A and B, take seats around a circular ta.pdf
Five individuals, including A and B, take seats around a circular table in a completely random
fashion. Suppose the seats are numbered 1, . . . , 5. Let X = A\'s seat number and Y = B\'s seat
number. If A sends a written message around the table to B in the direction in which they are
closest, how many individuals (including A and B) would you expect to handle the message?
Solution.
Explain the experiments of Griffiths (1928) and Hershey Chase (1952).pdf
Explain the experiments of Griffiths (1928) and Hershey Chase (1952) and discuss the evidence
that these experiments provided indicating that DNA is the genetic material in bacteria and
viruses.
Solution
Hershey and chase conducted a series of experiments that confirmed DNA as a genetic material.
They inserted radioactive elements in the bacteriophage , now when these bacteriophage infected
bacteria , the radioactive element was seen in their progeny. Experiment was performed twice
once with phosphorus labeled phage and the other with sulfur labeled phage.
Phage coats remained outside the cell whereas the genetic material entered inside. The
phosphorus labeled bacteria became radioactive but the other sulfur labeled bacteria was not.
Hence this proved that the genetic materia is DNA and not protein because phosphorus is a
component of DNA and sulfur is a component of protein..
Energy doing work Fuel of the cell Working part of an enzyme (2 w.pdf
Energy doing work Fuel of the cell Working part of an enzyme (2 words) Active transport
that takes in materials Measurement of energy Movement of water in response to diffusion
Stored energy A reaction that gives off heat Enzymes make this Explains the use of energy in
nature Process that makes ADP into ATP Equal concentration of material on inside and outside
of a cell Assist with enzyme function Movement of particles
Solution
1) Process: series of reactions that leads to transformation.
2) Catabolic: it is an exergonic reaction that releases energy during breakdown of complex
molecules into simpler ones.
3)ATP: Adenosine triphosphate is the \"molecular unit of currency\" since the energy released
from ATP is used to perform any biological work.
4) Product: ENZYMES ACT AS CATALYST AND CONVERTS SUBSTRATES INTO
PRODUCTS
5)Thermodynamics: It is the study of the energy transductions that occur within and between
living organisms.
6) Active site: It is the region in the enzyme where substrates bind and undergo changes to form
products.
7) Phosphorylation: It is the addition of a phosphate group (PO4)3 to an ADP molecule which
results in the formation of an ATP molecule.
8) ISOTONIC:- When two solutions have equal solute concentration or osmotic pressures,they
are said to be isotonic.
9) Endocytosis: Endocytosis is a type of active transport in which molecules are transported into
the cell by using energy.
10) Co-enzyme;on-proteinacious molecules which aids enzymes in catalysis.
11) diffusion:molecules move from an area of high concentration to lower concentration
12) calorie; unit of energy
13)osmosis:molecules of a solvent pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less
concentrated solution to more concentrated solution
14) potential:energy that is stored in an object.
• Define transcription• Define translation• What are the 3 steps.pdf
• Define transcription
• Define translation
• What are the 3 steps of translation?
• Define the “genetic dogma”
• What is the function of Transfer RNA?
• What is the function of RNA polymerase?
• What is the function of DNA polymerase?
• Define “splicing of RNA”
• What is an exon?
• What component of the cell does the translation?
• What molecule in the cell does transcription?
• What are the functions of: operon, promotor?
• What is the difference between inducible operon and repressible operon?
Solution
• Define transcription
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it
directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Here is a more complete definition of
transcription.
• Define translation
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to
a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship
between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it
encodes. In the cell cytoplasm, the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three
bases to assemble the protein. Here is a more complete definition of translation:
• What are the 3 steps of translation?
Step # 1. Initiation:
Initiation of translation in E .coli involves the small ribosome subunit, a mRNA molecule, a
specific charge initiator tRNA, GTP, Mg++ and number of proteinaceous initiation factors (IFs).
These are initially part of the small subunit and are required to enhance binding affinity of the
various translational components (Table 8.1). Unlike ribosomal proteins, IFs are released from
the ribosome once initiation is completed.
Step # 2. Elongation:
Once both subunits of the ribosome are assembled with the mRNA, binding site for two charged
tRNA molecules are formed. These are designated as the ‘P’ or peptidyl and the ‘A’ or
aminoacyl sites. The charged initiator tRNA binds to the P site, provided that the AUG triplet of
mRNA is in the corresponding position of the small subunit. The increase of the growing
polypeptide chain by one amino acid is called elongation.
Step # 3. Termination:
Termination of protein synthesis is carried out by triplet codes (UAG, UAA, UGA; stop codons)
present at site A. These codons do not specify an amino acid, nor do they call for a tRNA in the
A site. These codons are called stop codons, termination codons or nonsense codons. The
finished polypeptide is still attached to the terminal tRNA at the P site, and the A site is empty.
• Define the “genetic dogma”
A theory in genetics and molecular biology subject to several exceptions that genetic information
is coded in self-replicating DNA and undergoes unidirectional transfer to messenger RNAs in
transcription which act as templates for protein synthesis in translation
• What is the function of Transfer RNA?
The tRNA molecule, or tr.
Which of the following represents the internal environment of the bod.pdf
Which of the following represents the internal environment of the body? Choose all that apply.
Blood plasma Extracellular fluid Area within the cell membrane of cells Intracellular fluid
Solution
Answera,b,c,d .All comes inside internal environment. Blood plasma, intracellular fluid .Internal
environment refers to media surrounding the cell.
why does venus experience so little temperature changes compared to .pdf
why does venus experience so little temperature changes compared to Mercury? which of these
two planets is hotter and I?
Solution
Venus has a very thick atmosphere predominantly consisting of CO2. Tje pressure on its surface
is 91 times the pressure on Earth\'s surface. CO2 is a greenhouse gas which allows incoming
radiation but prevents outgoing radiation. The atmosphere retains the sun\'s heat, which boosts
the temperature, and then evenly distributes it planet-wide, making the poles about as hot as the
equator.
Mercury, while closer, has such a thin atmosphere,which is barely present; Like the moon, in
sunlight, the surface heats up rapidly, but in shadow, it cools down rapidly. The night side of
Mercury is *very* cold, while the daylight side is very hot.
Overall, Venus is hotter than Mercury, but the hottest points of Mercury are hotter than Venus..
Recommended
for the normal distrbution, the proportion in the tail beyond z= 1.5.pdf
for the normal distrbution, the proportion in the tail beyond z= 1.50 is p=0.0668. Based on this
information,what is the proportion in the tail beyond z=-1.50? Please show detailed work on how
the answer was found.
Solution
Since z-distribution is symmetric so the proportion in the tail beyond z=-1.50 is also p=0.0668..
For a square matrix A, which vectors are orthogonal to the vectors i.pdf
For a square matrix A, which vectors are orthogonal to the vectors in the null space, the vectors
in Col(A) or the vectors in Row(A)?
Solution
Let null space vector of A be x
And Ri be ith row of A
So ith row element of Ax is Ri*x
Since , x is in null space so Ax=0
HEnce, Rix=0
HEnce, vectors in Row(A) are orthogonal to vectors in null space of A.
Five individuals, including A and B, take seats around a circular ta.pdf
Five individuals, including A and B, take seats around a circular table in a completely random
fashion. Suppose the seats are numbered 1, . . . , 5. Let X = A\'s seat number and Y = B\'s seat
number. If A sends a written message around the table to B in the direction in which they are
closest, how many individuals (including A and B) would you expect to handle the message?
Solution.
Explain the experiments of Griffiths (1928) and Hershey Chase (1952).pdf
Explain the experiments of Griffiths (1928) and Hershey Chase (1952) and discuss the evidence
that these experiments provided indicating that DNA is the genetic material in bacteria and
viruses.
Solution
Hershey and chase conducted a series of experiments that confirmed DNA as a genetic material.
They inserted radioactive elements in the bacteriophage , now when these bacteriophage infected
bacteria , the radioactive element was seen in their progeny. Experiment was performed twice
once with phosphorus labeled phage and the other with sulfur labeled phage.
Phage coats remained outside the cell whereas the genetic material entered inside. The
phosphorus labeled bacteria became radioactive but the other sulfur labeled bacteria was not.
Hence this proved that the genetic materia is DNA and not protein because phosphorus is a
component of DNA and sulfur is a component of protein..
Energy doing work Fuel of the cell Working part of an enzyme (2 w.pdf
Energy doing work Fuel of the cell Working part of an enzyme (2 words) Active transport
that takes in materials Measurement of energy Movement of water in response to diffusion
Stored energy A reaction that gives off heat Enzymes make this Explains the use of energy in
nature Process that makes ADP into ATP Equal concentration of material on inside and outside
of a cell Assist with enzyme function Movement of particles
Solution
1) Process: series of reactions that leads to transformation.
2) Catabolic: it is an exergonic reaction that releases energy during breakdown of complex
molecules into simpler ones.
3)ATP: Adenosine triphosphate is the \"molecular unit of currency\" since the energy released
from ATP is used to perform any biological work.
4) Product: ENZYMES ACT AS CATALYST AND CONVERTS SUBSTRATES INTO
PRODUCTS
5)Thermodynamics: It is the study of the energy transductions that occur within and between
living organisms.
6) Active site: It is the region in the enzyme where substrates bind and undergo changes to form
products.
7) Phosphorylation: It is the addition of a phosphate group (PO4)3 to an ADP molecule which
results in the formation of an ATP molecule.
8) ISOTONIC:- When two solutions have equal solute concentration or osmotic pressures,they
are said to be isotonic.
9) Endocytosis: Endocytosis is a type of active transport in which molecules are transported into
the cell by using energy.
10) Co-enzyme;on-proteinacious molecules which aids enzymes in catalysis.
11) diffusion:molecules move from an area of high concentration to lower concentration
12) calorie; unit of energy
13)osmosis:molecules of a solvent pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less
concentrated solution to more concentrated solution
14) potential:energy that is stored in an object.
• Define transcription• Define translation• What are the 3 steps.pdf
• Define transcription
• Define translation
• What are the 3 steps of translation?
• Define the “genetic dogma”
• What is the function of Transfer RNA?
• What is the function of RNA polymerase?
• What is the function of DNA polymerase?
• Define “splicing of RNA”
• What is an exon?
• What component of the cell does the translation?
• What molecule in the cell does transcription?
• What are the functions of: operon, promotor?
• What is the difference between inducible operon and repressible operon?
Solution
• Define transcription
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it
directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Here is a more complete definition of
transcription.
• Define translation
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to
a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship
between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it
encodes. In the cell cytoplasm, the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three
bases to assemble the protein. Here is a more complete definition of translation:
• What are the 3 steps of translation?
Step # 1. Initiation:
Initiation of translation in E .coli involves the small ribosome subunit, a mRNA molecule, a
specific charge initiator tRNA, GTP, Mg++ and number of proteinaceous initiation factors (IFs).
These are initially part of the small subunit and are required to enhance binding affinity of the
various translational components (Table 8.1). Unlike ribosomal proteins, IFs are released from
the ribosome once initiation is completed.
Step # 2. Elongation:
Once both subunits of the ribosome are assembled with the mRNA, binding site for two charged
tRNA molecules are formed. These are designated as the ‘P’ or peptidyl and the ‘A’ or
aminoacyl sites. The charged initiator tRNA binds to the P site, provided that the AUG triplet of
mRNA is in the corresponding position of the small subunit. The increase of the growing
polypeptide chain by one amino acid is called elongation.
Step # 3. Termination:
Termination of protein synthesis is carried out by triplet codes (UAG, UAA, UGA; stop codons)
present at site A. These codons do not specify an amino acid, nor do they call for a tRNA in the
A site. These codons are called stop codons, termination codons or nonsense codons. The
finished polypeptide is still attached to the terminal tRNA at the P site, and the A site is empty.
• Define the “genetic dogma”
A theory in genetics and molecular biology subject to several exceptions that genetic information
is coded in self-replicating DNA and undergoes unidirectional transfer to messenger RNAs in
transcription which act as templates for protein synthesis in translation
• What is the function of Transfer RNA?
The tRNA molecule, or tr.
Which of the following represents the internal environment of the bod.pdf
Which of the following represents the internal environment of the body? Choose all that apply.
Blood plasma Extracellular fluid Area within the cell membrane of cells Intracellular fluid
Solution
Answera,b,c,d .All comes inside internal environment. Blood plasma, intracellular fluid .Internal
environment refers to media surrounding the cell.
why does venus experience so little temperature changes compared to .pdf
why does venus experience so little temperature changes compared to Mercury? which of these
two planets is hotter and I?
Solution
Venus has a very thick atmosphere predominantly consisting of CO2. Tje pressure on its surface
is 91 times the pressure on Earth\'s surface. CO2 is a greenhouse gas which allows incoming
radiation but prevents outgoing radiation. The atmosphere retains the sun\'s heat, which boosts
the temperature, and then evenly distributes it planet-wide, making the poles about as hot as the
equator.
Mercury, while closer, has such a thin atmosphere,which is barely present; Like the moon, in
sunlight, the surface heats up rapidly, but in shadow, it cools down rapidly. The night side of
Mercury is *very* cold, while the daylight side is very hot.
Overall, Venus is hotter than Mercury, but the hottest points of Mercury are hotter than Venus..
Who is considered the author of The Way of Life, which is Daoisms .pdf
Who is considered the author of The Way of Life, which is Daoism\'s primary philosophical
treatise?
Solution
Taoism also called as Daoism is a philosophical ethicaln or religious tradition that has shaped
chinese life for more than 2000 years.The word Tao means \"Way\", \"Path\" or principle. Hence
originated the principle of the \"Way of Life\"
Daoism is a philosophical system developed by Lao - tzu and Chuang - tzu advocating a simple
honest life and non interference with the course of natural events.Behind all forms of Daoism
stands the figure of Laozi, traditionally regarded as the author of the classical text known as the
Laozi or the Daodejing (Classical Way of Power).
A Daoist atttitude towards life can be seen in the accepting and yielding of the joyful and
carefree sides of the Chinese character.Daoism is also characterised by a posituve attitude
towards the occult and metaphysical..
Which of the following is not a function of proteinsa. .pdf
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
a. Provide structure.
b. Enzymes and hormones.
c. Antibodies.
d. Transfer and storage.
e. All of the above are functions of proteins.
Solution
e. All of the above are functions of proteins.
becausea protein provided structure to body\'s tissued.They work as enzymes to improve
chemical reaction.They work as antibodies to fight infection and it helps to transfer oxygen in the
body.So all of them are functions of proteins..
what is the marketSolutionAccording to Britannica Market, a .pdf
what is the market
Solution
According to Britannica \"Market, a means by which the exchange of goods and services takes
place as a result of buyers and sellers being in contact with one another, either directly or through
mediating agents or institutions.\"
The basic principle of a market is a place of exchange. Early markets were held in the town
square where people brought excess goods and food to barter with others.
THE ORIGIN OF MARKETS
Markets as centres of commerce seem to have had three separate points of origin. The first was
in ruralfairs. A typical cultivator fed his family and paid the landlord and the moneylender from
his chief crop. He had sidelines that provided salable products, and he had needs that he could
not satisfy at home. It was then convenient for him to go to a market where many could meet to
sell and buy.
The second point was in service to the landlords. Rent, essentially, was paid in grain; even when
it was translated into money, sales of grain were necessary to supply the cultivator with funds to
meet his dues. Payment of rent was a one-way transaction, imposed by the landlord. In turn, the
landlord used the rents to maintain his warriors, clients, and artisans, and this led to the growth of
towns as centres of trade and production. An urban class developed with a standard of life
enabling its members to cater to each other as well as to the landlords and officials.
The third, and most influential, origin of markets was in international trade. From early times,
merchant adventurers (the Phoenicians, the Arabs) risked their lives and their capital in carrying
the products of one region to another.
Types of markets:
The basic principle of a market is a place of exchange. Early markets were held in the town
square where people brought excess goods and food to barter with others.
THE ORIGIN OF MARKETS
Markets as centres of commerce seem to have had three separate points of origin. The first was
in ruralfairs. A typical cultivator fed his family and paid the landlord and the moneylender from
his chief crop. He had sidelines that provided salable products, and he had needs that he could
not satisfy at home. It was then convenient for him to go to a market where many could meet to
sell and buy.
The second point was in service to the landlords. Rent, essentially, was paid in grain; even when
it was translated into money, sales of grain were necessary to supply the cultivator with funds to
meet his dues. Payment of rent was a one-way transaction, imposed by the landlord. In turn, the
landlord used the rents to maintain his warriors, clients, and artisans, and this led to the growth
of towns as centres of trade and production. An urban class developed with a standard of life
enabling its members to cater to each other as well as to the landlords and officials.
The third, and most influential, origin of markets was in international trade. From early times,
merchant adventurers (the Phoenicians, the Arabs) risked their lives a.
What happens when two shock waves collide What happens specifically.pdf
What happens when two shock waves collide? What happens specifically to the gas that is in
between both shocks both initially and after?
Solution
The separate shock waves would mostly pass through each other unaffected this is a common
property of wave is called superposition. For example two bombs are placed on earth each side
of the earth were to be detonated at the same time .creating extremely powerful shock waves hit
each other would they just keep on going. Would they collided creating third shock wave.
Instead of two bombs on each side of earth there is only one.and is buried about a mile deep.it
denotes making a shock wave through the crust.much like an earthquake and mdash strong
enough to make it all the way to the other side of the earth..
What is input A. Any data or information that is processed and pres.pdf
What is input? A. Any data or information that is processed and presented to the user B. Any
data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer C. Data or instructions that have
been processed into a useful form D. All processed data
Solution
Question 14
What is input ?
(B.) Any data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer.
Question 15
Which of the following statements best describes cloud storage?
(B) Data resides on a website that you access via the internet..
What are the main components of the chemiosmotic mechanism in mitoch.pdf
What are the main components of the chemiosmotic mechanism in mitochondria?
Solution
Main components of mitochondrial chemiismotic
1. NADH - it is produced in Krebs cycle and passes electron for further oxidation.
2. some iron containing haem group , sulphur atoms etc
3. Enzyme ATP synthase
4. Oxygen
5. Glucose
6. FADH2
7. ATP.
Description of programYou are to write a program name InfixToPost.pdf
Description of program:
You are to write a program name InfixToPostfix.java that converts an infix expression entered
by the user to a postfix expression. The expression may contain the following tokens:
(1) Integer constants (a series of decimal digits).
(2) x (representing a value to be supplied later).
(3) Binary operators (+, -, *, / and %).
(4) Parentheses
Spaces between tokens are allowed but not required. The program will convert the expression to
postfix form and display the converted expression. Upload the file into A7 folder of icollege.
Sample Output:
Enter infix expression: (x + 1) * (x – 2) / 4
Converted expression: x 1 + x 2 - * 4 /
Enter infix expression: 1 2 +
Error in expression!! No operator between operands. Also last token must be an operand.
Enter infix expression: 10.4
Error in expression!! Cannot accept floating point numbers.
Enter infix expression: 1 ( + 2)
Error in expression!! No operator between operand and left parentheses.
Enter infix expression: 5 – (x – 2))
Error in expression!! No matching left parentheses for a right parentheses.
Enter infix expression: 1 ** 2
Error in expression!! The * operator cannot be preceded by a * operator.
Solution
//program for infix to posrtfix convertion
import java.io.*;
class stack
{
char stack1[]=new char[20];
int top;
void push(char ch)
{
top++;
stack1[top]=ch;
}
char pop()
{
char ch;
ch=stack1[top];
top--;
return ch;
}
int pre(char ch)
{
switch(ch)
{
case \'-\':return 1;
case \'+\':return 1;
case \'*\':return 2;
case \'/\':return 2;
}
retrun 0;
}
boolean operator(char ch)
{
if(ch==\'/\'||ch==\'*\'||ch==\'+\'||ch==\'-\')
return true;
else
return false;
}
boolean isAlpha(char ch)
{
if(ch>=\'a\'&&ch<=\'z\'||ch>=\'0\'&&ch==\'9\')
return true;
else
return false;
}
void postfix(String str)
{
char output[]=new char[str.length()];
char ch;
int p=0,i;
for(i=0;ipre(stack1[top])) || stack1[top]==\'(\')
{
push(ch);
}
}
else if(pre(ch)<=pre(stack1[top]))
{
output[p++]=pop();
push(ch);
}
else if(ch==\'(\')
{
while((ch=po())!=\'(\')
{
output[p++]=ch;
}
}
}
while(top!=0)
{
output[p++]=pop();
}
for(int j=0;j.
Customers arrive at bakery at an average of 10 customers per hour. W.pdf
Customers arrive at bakery at an average of 10 customers per hour. What is the probability that
less than 5 customers will arrive in the next hour? Assume Poisson arrivals. a. .0378 b. .0293 c.
.2500 d .1126
Solution
Possion Distribution
PMF of P.D is = f ( k ) = e- x / x!
Where
= parameter of the distribution.
x = is the number of independent trials
P( X < 5) = P(X=4) + P(X=3) + P(X=2) + P(X=1) + P(X=0)
= e^-10 * 0 ^ 4 / 4! + e^-10 * ^ 3 / 3! + e^-10 * ^ 2 / 2! + e^-10 * ^ 1 / 1! + e^-10 * ^ 0 / 0!
= 0.0293
P(less than 5 customers will arrive in the next hour) = 0.0293.
Two different strains of a mutant phage infect a single bacterium. O.pdf
Two different strains of a mutant phage infect a single bacterium. One phage strain is d–e+ and
the other is d+e–. The coinfected phages produce the wild-type phenotype in the bacterium: one
phage supplies the wild-type gene product from a d+ allele, and the other supplies the wild-type
gene product from the e+ allele. What genetic phenomenon does this demonstrate?
a.
complementation
b.
specialized transduction
c.
recombination
d.
generalized transduction
e.
both a and b are correct
f.
both a and c are correct
g.
both b and c are correct
h.
both a and d are correct
Solution
Answer: (a) Complementation.
The phenotype indicates that the two mutations complement each other, i.e, one phage supplies
the d+ while the other supplies the e+ gene product.
Its not recombination (which includes transduction) because recombination would have produced
the auxotrophs, i.e, d+e- and d-e+ as well along with the wild type (d+e+)..
Consider this you have two cell lines, a macrophage cell line and a.pdf
Consider this: you have two cell lines, a macrophage cell line and a CD4 T-cell line. The
macrophage cell line is resistant to infection by HIV, whereas the T-cell line is fully susceptible
and fully permissive. A heterokaryon cell made from the fusion of these two cells is able to be
infected by HIV.
Explain why? Please explain in detail.
Solution
HIV entry into target host cells involves virus ligand (virus surface glycoprotein gp120) and its
interaction with CD4 receptor which is present in both T cells as well as in macrophages. Later
on the fusion of viral envelope with host cell membrane is governed by the engagement of the
co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4).
Whether HIV enters via CXCR4 or CCR5 coreceptor, in both cases the viral ribonucleoprotein
complex is released into the cytoplasm where virus encoded reverse transcriptase using viral
genomic RNA as template, generates single stranded cDNA followed by double stranded
(ds)DNA.
However, the rate of reverse transcription is slower in macrophages than what is observed in T
cells and the reason for this is explained below:
In case of CD4 T-cell line, there are many reports till date stating that the dNTP levels are very
high which is very favouirng factor for proviral DNA production and so is the infection by HIV.
When a heterokaryon cell is exposed to the virus, regardless of the inhibitory factors associated
with the macrophages, the high dNTP levels contributed by CD4 T-cell results in infection by
HIV..
RNA splicing activities can be regulated in cells by various activat.pdf
RNA splicing activities can be regulated in cells by various activator and repressor proteins.
Which of the following proteins is a pair of different splicing activators?SC35 protein and
hnRNP proteinHalf-pint protein and SF2/ASF proteinhnRNP protein and SF2/ASF proteinHalf-
pint protein and hnRNP protein
Solution
Half-pint protein and SF2/ASF protein is a pair of different splicing activators.
As both Half pint protein and SF2/ASF protein are involved in enhancing the splicing.
Whereas the hnRNP proteins will repress splicing, thus all the other 3 combinations are various
activator and repressor proteins..
Required Summarize why revenue is such a critical account in most c.pdf
Required: Summarize why revenue is such a critical account in most companies and the
auditor\'s challenge in auditing this area. Then address the following questions regarding the
Miniscribe audit which is described below. a) Summarize the business and financial reporting
risks that increased the risk of material misstatement at Miniscribe. b) Summarize the techniques
used by Miniscribe to inflate their financial statements. For each technique, describe the audit
procedure(s) the auditors should/could have used to detect these misstatements? c) Identify any
red flags that the auditors should have noticed during the audit. MiniScribe Corporation Read the
summary below of the MiniScribe Corporation and answer the questions that follow. \"In
October 1988, MiniScribe, a computer disk drive manufacturer, announced its thirteenth
consecutive record-breaking quarter, while its competitors were laying off hundreds of
employees. MiniScribe\'s receivables had increased significantly, and inventories had increased
to a dangerous level because disk drives can become obsolete from one quarter to the next. The
company\'s stock price had quintupled in just two years. It had apparently risen from the dead
under the leadership of Q.T. Wiles, who had resurrected other companies and was known as
\"Dr. Fix-It.\" It looked as if he had done it again. Seven months later, it was announced that
MiniScribe\'s sales gains had been fabricated. What was supposed to be the crowning
achievement of Wiles\' career became an epitaph; he resigned and is living in near seclusion. An
internal investigation concluded that senior management apparently perpetrated a massive fraud
on the company, its directors, its outside auditors, and the investing public. Most of MiniScribe\'s
top management was dismissed, and layoffs shrank its employment by more than 30% in one
year. MiniScribe might have to write off as much as $200 million in bad inventory and
uncollectable receivables. Wiles\' unrealistic sales targets and abusive management style created
a pressure cooker that drove managers to cook the books or perish. And cook they did - booking
sales prematurely, manipulating reserves, and simply fabricating figures - to maintain the illusion
of unbounded growth even after the industry was hit by a severe slump. When Wiles arrived at
MiniScribe in mid-1985, it had just lost its biggest customer, IBM, which decided to make its
own drives. With the personal computer industry then slumping, MiniScribe was drowning in red
ink. Dr. Fix-It\'s prescription was to cut 20% of the workforce and overhaul the company from
top to bottom. As part of the overhaul, several semi-autonomous divisions were created. Each
division manager set the division\'s own budget, sales quotas, incentives, and work rules. The
company became a chaotic Babel of at least 20 mini-companies that were constantly being
changed and reorganized. One employee held 20 different positions in less than seven years.
Wiles turned up.
quizlet com ezto.mheducation.com nline Store Apple Apple Disney Disne.pdf
quizlet com ezto.mheducation.com nline Store Apple Apple Disney Disney ESPN ESPN Feet to
Inches conversion The Angry, D. Unit 5 1606216959606780 terior thigh. Aorta common iliac a
External iliac a. Internal iliac a. Medial circumflex femoral a. Lateral circumflex femoral a Deep
artery of Femoral a. thigh Perforating a obturator a. Reset zoom
Solution
Please find the description of the labels in the images as below:
Image 1: This image describes the major arteries of the pectoral girdle which can be explained as
below:
Image 2: This image outlines the major veins of the pectoral girdle whose descriptions can be
found as below:.
Provide a diagram and description of the flow table entries that can.pdf
Provide a diagram and description of the flow table entries that can be
modified in an OpenFlow Switch.
Provide a diagram and description of an SDN Controller and describe
how the SDN Controller works – OpenDaylight is an appropriate
example that you could use.
Solution
Open Flow Switch:
An Open Flow switch is a software program or hardware device that forwards packets in a
software-defined networking (SDN) environment. Open Flow switches are either based on the
Open Flow protocol or compatible with it.
In a conventional switch, packet forwarding (the data plane) and high-level routing (the control
plane) occur on the same device. In software-defined networking, the data plane is decoupled
from the control plane. The data plane is still implemented in the switch itself but the control
plane is implemented in software and a separate SDN controller makes high-level routing
decisions. The switch and controller communicate by means of the Open Flow protocol.
Flow table entries:
The components of flow table entries and the process by which incoming packets are matched
against flow table entries.
A flow entry consists of header fields, counters, and actions.
Header fields
Counters
Actions
Each flow table entry contains:
1. Header fields to match against packets.
2. Counters to update for matching packet.
3. Actions to apply to matching packets.
These are flow table entries are used to modified in an open flow switch.
Open Flow is an open standard that enables researchers to run experimental protocols in the
campus networks we use every day. Open Flow is added as a feature to commercial Ethernet
switches, routers and wireless access points – and provides a standardized hook to allow
researchers to run experiments, without requiring vendors to expose the internal workings of
their network devices. Open Flow is currently being implemented by major vendors, with Open
Flow-enabled switches now commercially available.
SDN controller (software-defined networking controller):
An SDN controller is an application in software-defined networking (SDN) that manages flow
control to enable intelligent networking. SDN controllers are based on protocols, such as Open
Flow, that allow servers to tell switches where to send packets.
SDN controller is a new paradigm to configure and operate computer networks through a
centralized software controller that dictates how the network behaves. The core of this new
paradigm is the SDN controller.
There are typically two sets of SDN controllers:
The controller is the core of an SDN network. It lies between network devices at one end and
applications at the other end. Any communications between applications and devices have to go
through the controller. The controller also uses protocols such as Open Flow to configure
network devices and choose the optimal network path for application traffic.
SDN controllers works:
Software Defined Networking, as it evolved from prior proposals, standards, and
implementations such as For CES,.
Need help please writting this essay.The number one reason for a.pdf
Need help please writting this essay.
\"The number one reason for a corporation to exist is to maximize shareholder value\"
In a minimum 600-word essay, explain this concept. Explain what determines value for a
shareholder. Identify short-term versus long-term result and balancing the interest of the
shareholders versus society as a whole. Conflicts between managers and shareholders can exist.
Debt holders have a different perspective from shareholders on what is important. Discuss what
is at stake for all three groups (management, shareholders, debt holders).
Solution
First we have to understand the meaning of shareholder,shareholder is an individual or institution
that legally owns one or more shares of stock in a public or private corporation. Shareholders
may be referred to as members of a corporation.Shareholders of a corporation are legally
separate from the corporation itself. They are generally not liable for the debts of the
corporation.Shareholders are granted special privileges depending on the class of stock. The
board of directors of a corporation generally governs a corporation for the benefit of
shareholders.In fact corporations are legal entities, with shareholders having a contract with the
corporation as owning share of the stock.
After understanding the meaning of Shareholder, Now let us discuss on what determines value
for a shareholder: Increasing shareholder value increases the total amount in the stockholders\'
equity section of the balance sheet. The balance sheet formula is assets less liabilities equals
stockholders\' equity, and stockholders\' equity includes retained earnings, or the sum of a
company\'s net income less cash dividends since inception.Companies raise capital to buy assets
and use those assets to generate sales. A well-managed company maximizes the use of its assets
so the firm can operate the business with a smaller investment in assets so that value for
shareholder can be maximized. Companies typically create most of their value through day-to-
day operations, but a major acquisition can create or destroy value faster than any other corporate
activity.
Short-term maximization is disastrous to shareholders. It’s true that maximizing shareholder
value in the short term leads to catastrophic results, since the firm starts to do things that hurt its
long term prosperity.Thus short termism harms shareholders!
Interest of shareholders as well as of the society are both important to the company. It is essential
to make money, the company has a higher purpose, and this purpose goes beyond profit. The
purpose could be creating value for society, and the company’s stakeholders. The corporation
must fulfill its higher value creating purpose. And for this they need a Conscious Culture that
fosters love and care and builds trust between a company’s team members and its other
stakeholders.when you ask whom does the company work for, one of the answers will be for
society (as tax payer), for customers who provides.
My Program below this is supposed to do the following below here but.pdf
My Program below this is supposed to do the following below here but it keeps telling me errors
when I run my c Program please help me fix these errors in the code without having to
completely change the structure.
The Errors are as follows: \"homework3.c\", line 1: warning: invalid white space character in
directive
\"homework3.c\", line 2: warning: invalid white space character in directive
\"homework3.c\", line 3: warning: invalid white space character in directive
\"homework3.c\", line 4: warning: invalid white space character in directive
The code is below the directions I used to make the code.
Consider the following schema:
Veterinarians (vid: integer, eLevel);
Examine (vid: integer,did: integer, fee: integer);
Dogs (did: integer, age: integer); The eLevel is meant to be an experience rating level; it is in the
range: [1, 10]. Fee is in the range: [25, 125], age is in the range: [8, 11]
Heap files corresponding to instances of the above relations are VFile (for Veterinarians), EFile
(for Examine) and DFile (for Dogs); on each line of the heap file, the attributes are listed in the
above corresponding schema order.
You are to write a C/C++ program to find the answer to the following query:
SELECT D.age, COUNT(*), AVG(X.fee), AVG(V.eLevel)
FROM Dogs D, Exmaine X,Veterinarians V
WHERE D.did=X.did AND X.vid=V.vid
GROUP BY D.age
You are expected to implement an efficient join algorithm as part of your solution to this
problem.However, you must assume that main memory is limited, and it is not possible to read
all of the relations into main memory at once; furthermore, your solution must be capable of
processing files of unbounded (unknown) size. Your program is to use VFile, DFile and EFile as
input to the program.
#include
#include
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
/* Type definitions */
typedef int bool;
typedef struct Veterinarian Veterinarian;
typedef struct Dog Dog;
typedef struct Examine Examine;
typedef struct Final_Tuple Final_Tuple;
/* Prototypes */
bool join();
void sort_dog_dids(Dog*, int);
void sift_down_dog(Dog*, int, int);
void sort_vet_vids(Veterinarian*, int);
void sift_down_vet(Veterinarian*, int, int);
bool search_did(Dog*, int, Examine);
int search_vid(Veterinarian*, int, Examine);
/* Structure definitions */
struct Veterinarian {
unsigned int vid;
unsigned short e_level;
};
struct Dog {
unsigned int did;
unsigned short age;
};
struct Examine {
unsigned int vid;
unsigned int did;
unsigned short fee;
};
struct Final_Tuple {
unsigned short e_level;
unsigned long count;
unsigned long long fee_sum;
double fee_avg;
};
int main() {
if (!join()) {
printf(\"Failed to find/open one or more data files.\ \ \");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/** @brief Performs a specific join
@details Gets cross product of Veterinarian, Dog, and Examine tuples where
vids and dids match and the dog age is greater than 10, then
displays the count, sum of all fees, and average fee for each
experience level
This algorithm assumes approximately 6 megabytes of dat.
Linear interpolation in Matlab.Linear interpolation can be done in.pdf
Linear interpolation in Matlab.
Linear interpolation can be done in MATLAB using the interp1 function (that’s “interp-one”).
Its default mode is linear interpolation, which is equivalent to using the ’*linear’ option, but
interp1 can also do other types of polynomial interpolation. Here is an example on a 1-D signal:
n1 = 0:6;
xr1 = (-2).ˆn1;
tti = 0:0.1:6; %-- locations between the n1 indices
xr1linear = interp1(n1,xr1,tti); %-- function is INTERP-ONE
stem(tti,xr1linear)
For the example above, what is the interpolation factor when converting xr1 to xr1linear?
Solution
Ans)
Length of original signal xr1=7 (0:6 )
Length of interpolated signal xr1linear=1+(6/0.1)=61 (0:0.1:6)
Interpolation factor =length(xr1linear)/length(xr1)=61/7=8.7143
Interpolation factor =8.7143.
INDIGENOUS LAND DEFENSESEPTEMBER 17, 2017On the 10th anniversary.pdf
INDIGENOUS LAND DEFENSE
SEPTEMBER 17, 2017
On the 10th anniversary of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(UNDRIP), Indigenous land defenders across the country continue to protect our inherent rights
and territories. The Canadian Government under Justin Trudeau continue to make false claims
that they support Indigenous rights and self-government, yet non-consensual resource extraction
and land theft continues. Idle No More stands in solidarity withthese land defenders. This update
highlights some land defence sites, and invites Indigenous nations and our allies to join the
resistance.
Land rights: Defending Kanehsata:ke
On July 11, 1990, the people of Kanehsatà:ke endured a 78 day siege known as the \"Oka
Crisis\" in order to protect their land from a 9 hole golf course expansion by the Municipalitié
d\'Oka and private developers. The development would also see the removal of Kanien\'kehá:ka
burial ground and condominium development. At the same time, the community of Kahnawake
blocked the busy Mercier bridge on the south shore of Montreal in support of their sister
community of Kanehsatà:ke. While the construction the golf course expansion and condominium
development was prevented, the long standing historical land dispute was never settled.
1)Summarize what you have learned from the article.
2)Does this help or hinder the status of Aboriginal peoples currently? Is it a replay of history?
3)What are your personal reflections of the article.
Solution
1) one thing I have learned from this article is that we need more stronger fighting spirit to save
our environment and lands from our government itself.
We should fight for our inherent rights , territories and our environment.
Repression is becoming the norm globally. Environmental and land defenders … face violence
from state forces, private security groups and state-sponsored vigilante groups.
When we stand up to defend the rights of our communities, we face unfounded criminal charges,
unlawful arrests, custodial torture, threats to life and liberty, surveillance, judicial harassment
and administrative hurdles, among other actions.
2) it is both good and bad for aboriginal people.
Good because it brings the upliftment of their social status of these people and bad as their
inherent land taken by government agencies at very lower benefits of these people.
And their natural habitat is being ruined that will affect their lifestyle & culture too.
This will also affect our whole environment.
It will destroy their different livelihood activities like as fisheries.
3)as far as I get from this article that indigenous people are being harrased by government
agencies for their development agenda at very lower cost and without any sympathy towards
their first nation people or indigenous people.
Government is only thinking about profit and upper class peolpe.they did not make any
compensation for their aboriginal population..
in the essay this is i believe by albert einstein which paragra.pdf
in the essay \"this is i believe by albert einstein \" which paragraph contains the thesis?
Solution
Albert Einstein was the most influential scientist of our time. Despite troubles in education and
learning as a child, Einstein surpassed the odds and helped revolutionize science today. With his
theories on relativity and gravity, Einstein would inspire other great scientists explain the
unexplainable. Einstein also helped in the advancement of modern warfare, by helping Robert
Oppenheimer and Enrico Fermi in the creation of the atomic bomb. Although born in Germany,
Albert Einstein indirectly helped the Allies win World War II and overcome Hitler\'s rampage
for power.
Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879. His parents moved from Ulm to Munich
when he was an infant because of the family business, manufacturing electrical parts. There were
no early indications of Albert\'s intellectual capabilities, and there was some actual concern on
the part of his parents that he was a bit slow. Albert did very mediocre as a child in school
because of his dislike of the rigid methods of instruction. He was also considered quite disruptive
by school officials. Albert, however, had strong interests in Math and Science, the subjects that
he studied on his own. When in High School, Albert dropped out to join his parents in Milan,
Italy, where they had moved because of business failure.
In 1896 Einstein was able to enroll in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, after
making up a few subject deficiencies. It is here that Einstein met a classmate, Mileva, who would
be his future wife. Albert did not like the methods of instruction in the Institute, but he was able
to pass his examinations for his degree and graduated in 1900. In the two years following his
graduation, Einstein subsisted on odd teaching jobs. In 1901 Mileva was pregnant by Albert, and
Albert was held back from getting a job as a teacher because of troubles with his old physics
teacher.
In Java write a menu driven program that implements the following li.pdf
In Java write a menu driven program that implements the following linked list operations :
INSERT (at the beginning)
INSERT_ALPHA (in alphabetical order)
DELETE (Identify by contents, i.e. \"John\", not #3)
COUNT
CLEAR
Solution
sorting........................................
class LinkedList
{
Node head;
// link list
class Node
{
int data;
Node next;
Node(int d) {data = d; next = null; }
}
//function for sorted list
void sortedIns(Node new_node)
{
Node current;
if (head == null || head.data >= new_node.data)
{
new_node.next = head;
head = new_node;
}
else {
current = head;
while (current.next != null &&
current.next.data < new_node.data)
current = current.next;
new_node.next = current.next;
current.next = new_node;
}
}
// function for the creation of node
Node newNode(int data)
{
Node x = new Node(data);
return x;
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
LinkedList llist = new LinkedList();
Node new_node;
new_node = llist.newNode(5);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(10);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(7);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(3);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(1);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(9);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
System.out.println(\"Created Linked List\");
llist.printList();
}
}
if u have to delete an item
temp=head;
arr=head;
for(i=1;i<=link_list_len;i++)
{
arr++;
while(node->data==data1)
{
x=node;
arr=node->nxt;
}
}.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
More Related Content
More from arihantelehyb
Who is considered the author of The Way of Life, which is Daoisms .pdf
Who is considered the author of The Way of Life, which is Daoism\'s primary philosophical
treatise?
Solution
Taoism also called as Daoism is a philosophical ethicaln or religious tradition that has shaped
chinese life for more than 2000 years.The word Tao means \"Way\", \"Path\" or principle. Hence
originated the principle of the \"Way of Life\"
Daoism is a philosophical system developed by Lao - tzu and Chuang - tzu advocating a simple
honest life and non interference with the course of natural events.Behind all forms of Daoism
stands the figure of Laozi, traditionally regarded as the author of the classical text known as the
Laozi or the Daodejing (Classical Way of Power).
A Daoist atttitude towards life can be seen in the accepting and yielding of the joyful and
carefree sides of the Chinese character.Daoism is also characterised by a posituve attitude
towards the occult and metaphysical..
Which of the following is not a function of proteinsa. .pdf
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
a. Provide structure.
b. Enzymes and hormones.
c. Antibodies.
d. Transfer and storage.
e. All of the above are functions of proteins.
Solution
e. All of the above are functions of proteins.
becausea protein provided structure to body\'s tissued.They work as enzymes to improve
chemical reaction.They work as antibodies to fight infection and it helps to transfer oxygen in the
body.So all of them are functions of proteins..
what is the marketSolutionAccording to Britannica Market, a .pdf
what is the market
Solution
According to Britannica \"Market, a means by which the exchange of goods and services takes
place as a result of buyers and sellers being in contact with one another, either directly or through
mediating agents or institutions.\"
The basic principle of a market is a place of exchange. Early markets were held in the town
square where people brought excess goods and food to barter with others.
THE ORIGIN OF MARKETS
Markets as centres of commerce seem to have had three separate points of origin. The first was
in ruralfairs. A typical cultivator fed his family and paid the landlord and the moneylender from
his chief crop. He had sidelines that provided salable products, and he had needs that he could
not satisfy at home. It was then convenient for him to go to a market where many could meet to
sell and buy.
The second point was in service to the landlords. Rent, essentially, was paid in grain; even when
it was translated into money, sales of grain were necessary to supply the cultivator with funds to
meet his dues. Payment of rent was a one-way transaction, imposed by the landlord. In turn, the
landlord used the rents to maintain his warriors, clients, and artisans, and this led to the growth of
towns as centres of trade and production. An urban class developed with a standard of life
enabling its members to cater to each other as well as to the landlords and officials.
The third, and most influential, origin of markets was in international trade. From early times,
merchant adventurers (the Phoenicians, the Arabs) risked their lives and their capital in carrying
the products of one region to another.
Types of markets:
The basic principle of a market is a place of exchange. Early markets were held in the town
square where people brought excess goods and food to barter with others.
THE ORIGIN OF MARKETS
Markets as centres of commerce seem to have had three separate points of origin. The first was
in ruralfairs. A typical cultivator fed his family and paid the landlord and the moneylender from
his chief crop. He had sidelines that provided salable products, and he had needs that he could
not satisfy at home. It was then convenient for him to go to a market where many could meet to
sell and buy.
The second point was in service to the landlords. Rent, essentially, was paid in grain; even when
it was translated into money, sales of grain were necessary to supply the cultivator with funds to
meet his dues. Payment of rent was a one-way transaction, imposed by the landlord. In turn, the
landlord used the rents to maintain his warriors, clients, and artisans, and this led to the growth
of towns as centres of trade and production. An urban class developed with a standard of life
enabling its members to cater to each other as well as to the landlords and officials.
The third, and most influential, origin of markets was in international trade. From early times,
merchant adventurers (the Phoenicians, the Arabs) risked their lives a.
What happens when two shock waves collide What happens specifically.pdf
What happens when two shock waves collide? What happens specifically to the gas that is in
between both shocks both initially and after?
Solution
The separate shock waves would mostly pass through each other unaffected this is a common
property of wave is called superposition. For example two bombs are placed on earth each side
of the earth were to be detonated at the same time .creating extremely powerful shock waves hit
each other would they just keep on going. Would they collided creating third shock wave.
Instead of two bombs on each side of earth there is only one.and is buried about a mile deep.it
denotes making a shock wave through the crust.much like an earthquake and mdash strong
enough to make it all the way to the other side of the earth..
What is input A. Any data or information that is processed and pres.pdf
What is input? A. Any data or information that is processed and presented to the user B. Any
data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer C. Data or instructions that have
been processed into a useful form D. All processed data
Solution
Question 14
What is input ?
(B.) Any data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer.
Question 15
Which of the following statements best describes cloud storage?
(B) Data resides on a website that you access via the internet..
What are the main components of the chemiosmotic mechanism in mitoch.pdf
What are the main components of the chemiosmotic mechanism in mitochondria?
Solution
Main components of mitochondrial chemiismotic
1. NADH - it is produced in Krebs cycle and passes electron for further oxidation.
2. some iron containing haem group , sulphur atoms etc
3. Enzyme ATP synthase
4. Oxygen
5. Glucose
6. FADH2
7. ATP.
Description of programYou are to write a program name InfixToPost.pdf
Description of program:
You are to write a program name InfixToPostfix.java that converts an infix expression entered
by the user to a postfix expression. The expression may contain the following tokens:
(1) Integer constants (a series of decimal digits).
(2) x (representing a value to be supplied later).
(3) Binary operators (+, -, *, / and %).
(4) Parentheses
Spaces between tokens are allowed but not required. The program will convert the expression to
postfix form and display the converted expression. Upload the file into A7 folder of icollege.
Sample Output:
Enter infix expression: (x + 1) * (x – 2) / 4
Converted expression: x 1 + x 2 - * 4 /
Enter infix expression: 1 2 +
Error in expression!! No operator between operands. Also last token must be an operand.
Enter infix expression: 10.4
Error in expression!! Cannot accept floating point numbers.
Enter infix expression: 1 ( + 2)
Error in expression!! No operator between operand and left parentheses.
Enter infix expression: 5 – (x – 2))
Error in expression!! No matching left parentheses for a right parentheses.
Enter infix expression: 1 ** 2
Error in expression!! The * operator cannot be preceded by a * operator.
Solution
//program for infix to posrtfix convertion
import java.io.*;
class stack
{
char stack1[]=new char[20];
int top;
void push(char ch)
{
top++;
stack1[top]=ch;
}
char pop()
{
char ch;
ch=stack1[top];
top--;
return ch;
}
int pre(char ch)
{
switch(ch)
{
case \'-\':return 1;
case \'+\':return 1;
case \'*\':return 2;
case \'/\':return 2;
}
retrun 0;
}
boolean operator(char ch)
{
if(ch==\'/\'||ch==\'*\'||ch==\'+\'||ch==\'-\')
return true;
else
return false;
}
boolean isAlpha(char ch)
{
if(ch>=\'a\'&&ch<=\'z\'||ch>=\'0\'&&ch==\'9\')
return true;
else
return false;
}
void postfix(String str)
{
char output[]=new char[str.length()];
char ch;
int p=0,i;
for(i=0;ipre(stack1[top])) || stack1[top]==\'(\')
{
push(ch);
}
}
else if(pre(ch)<=pre(stack1[top]))
{
output[p++]=pop();
push(ch);
}
else if(ch==\'(\')
{
while((ch=po())!=\'(\')
{
output[p++]=ch;
}
}
}
while(top!=0)
{
output[p++]=pop();
}
for(int j=0;j.
Customers arrive at bakery at an average of 10 customers per hour. W.pdf
Customers arrive at bakery at an average of 10 customers per hour. What is the probability that
less than 5 customers will arrive in the next hour? Assume Poisson arrivals. a. .0378 b. .0293 c.
.2500 d .1126
Solution
Possion Distribution
PMF of P.D is = f ( k ) = e- x / x!
Where
= parameter of the distribution.
x = is the number of independent trials
P( X < 5) = P(X=4) + P(X=3) + P(X=2) + P(X=1) + P(X=0)
= e^-10 * 0 ^ 4 / 4! + e^-10 * ^ 3 / 3! + e^-10 * ^ 2 / 2! + e^-10 * ^ 1 / 1! + e^-10 * ^ 0 / 0!
= 0.0293
P(less than 5 customers will arrive in the next hour) = 0.0293.
Two different strains of a mutant phage infect a single bacterium. O.pdf
Two different strains of a mutant phage infect a single bacterium. One phage strain is d–e+ and
the other is d+e–. The coinfected phages produce the wild-type phenotype in the bacterium: one
phage supplies the wild-type gene product from a d+ allele, and the other supplies the wild-type
gene product from the e+ allele. What genetic phenomenon does this demonstrate?
a.
complementation
b.
specialized transduction
c.
recombination
d.
generalized transduction
e.
both a and b are correct
f.
both a and c are correct
g.
both b and c are correct
h.
both a and d are correct
Solution
Answer: (a) Complementation.
The phenotype indicates that the two mutations complement each other, i.e, one phage supplies
the d+ while the other supplies the e+ gene product.
Its not recombination (which includes transduction) because recombination would have produced
the auxotrophs, i.e, d+e- and d-e+ as well along with the wild type (d+e+)..
Consider this you have two cell lines, a macrophage cell line and a.pdf
Consider this: you have two cell lines, a macrophage cell line and a CD4 T-cell line. The
macrophage cell line is resistant to infection by HIV, whereas the T-cell line is fully susceptible
and fully permissive. A heterokaryon cell made from the fusion of these two cells is able to be
infected by HIV.
Explain why? Please explain in detail.
Solution
HIV entry into target host cells involves virus ligand (virus surface glycoprotein gp120) and its
interaction with CD4 receptor which is present in both T cells as well as in macrophages. Later
on the fusion of viral envelope with host cell membrane is governed by the engagement of the
co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4).
Whether HIV enters via CXCR4 or CCR5 coreceptor, in both cases the viral ribonucleoprotein
complex is released into the cytoplasm where virus encoded reverse transcriptase using viral
genomic RNA as template, generates single stranded cDNA followed by double stranded
(ds)DNA.
However, the rate of reverse transcription is slower in macrophages than what is observed in T
cells and the reason for this is explained below:
In case of CD4 T-cell line, there are many reports till date stating that the dNTP levels are very
high which is very favouirng factor for proviral DNA production and so is the infection by HIV.
When a heterokaryon cell is exposed to the virus, regardless of the inhibitory factors associated
with the macrophages, the high dNTP levels contributed by CD4 T-cell results in infection by
HIV..
RNA splicing activities can be regulated in cells by various activat.pdf
RNA splicing activities can be regulated in cells by various activator and repressor proteins.
Which of the following proteins is a pair of different splicing activators?SC35 protein and
hnRNP proteinHalf-pint protein and SF2/ASF proteinhnRNP protein and SF2/ASF proteinHalf-
pint protein and hnRNP protein
Solution
Half-pint protein and SF2/ASF protein is a pair of different splicing activators.
As both Half pint protein and SF2/ASF protein are involved in enhancing the splicing.
Whereas the hnRNP proteins will repress splicing, thus all the other 3 combinations are various
activator and repressor proteins..
Required Summarize why revenue is such a critical account in most c.pdf
Required: Summarize why revenue is such a critical account in most companies and the
auditor\'s challenge in auditing this area. Then address the following questions regarding the
Miniscribe audit which is described below. a) Summarize the business and financial reporting
risks that increased the risk of material misstatement at Miniscribe. b) Summarize the techniques
used by Miniscribe to inflate their financial statements. For each technique, describe the audit
procedure(s) the auditors should/could have used to detect these misstatements? c) Identify any
red flags that the auditors should have noticed during the audit. MiniScribe Corporation Read the
summary below of the MiniScribe Corporation and answer the questions that follow. \"In
October 1988, MiniScribe, a computer disk drive manufacturer, announced its thirteenth
consecutive record-breaking quarter, while its competitors were laying off hundreds of
employees. MiniScribe\'s receivables had increased significantly, and inventories had increased
to a dangerous level because disk drives can become obsolete from one quarter to the next. The
company\'s stock price had quintupled in just two years. It had apparently risen from the dead
under the leadership of Q.T. Wiles, who had resurrected other companies and was known as
\"Dr. Fix-It.\" It looked as if he had done it again. Seven months later, it was announced that
MiniScribe\'s sales gains had been fabricated. What was supposed to be the crowning
achievement of Wiles\' career became an epitaph; he resigned and is living in near seclusion. An
internal investigation concluded that senior management apparently perpetrated a massive fraud
on the company, its directors, its outside auditors, and the investing public. Most of MiniScribe\'s
top management was dismissed, and layoffs shrank its employment by more than 30% in one
year. MiniScribe might have to write off as much as $200 million in bad inventory and
uncollectable receivables. Wiles\' unrealistic sales targets and abusive management style created
a pressure cooker that drove managers to cook the books or perish. And cook they did - booking
sales prematurely, manipulating reserves, and simply fabricating figures - to maintain the illusion
of unbounded growth even after the industry was hit by a severe slump. When Wiles arrived at
MiniScribe in mid-1985, it had just lost its biggest customer, IBM, which decided to make its
own drives. With the personal computer industry then slumping, MiniScribe was drowning in red
ink. Dr. Fix-It\'s prescription was to cut 20% of the workforce and overhaul the company from
top to bottom. As part of the overhaul, several semi-autonomous divisions were created. Each
division manager set the division\'s own budget, sales quotas, incentives, and work rules. The
company became a chaotic Babel of at least 20 mini-companies that were constantly being
changed and reorganized. One employee held 20 different positions in less than seven years.
Wiles turned up.
quizlet com ezto.mheducation.com nline Store Apple Apple Disney Disne.pdf
quizlet com ezto.mheducation.com nline Store Apple Apple Disney Disney ESPN ESPN Feet to
Inches conversion The Angry, D. Unit 5 1606216959606780 terior thigh. Aorta common iliac a
External iliac a. Internal iliac a. Medial circumflex femoral a. Lateral circumflex femoral a Deep
artery of Femoral a. thigh Perforating a obturator a. Reset zoom
Solution
Please find the description of the labels in the images as below:
Image 1: This image describes the major arteries of the pectoral girdle which can be explained as
below:
Image 2: This image outlines the major veins of the pectoral girdle whose descriptions can be
found as below:.
Provide a diagram and description of the flow table entries that can.pdf
Provide a diagram and description of the flow table entries that can be
modified in an OpenFlow Switch.
Provide a diagram and description of an SDN Controller and describe
how the SDN Controller works – OpenDaylight is an appropriate
example that you could use.
Solution
Open Flow Switch:
An Open Flow switch is a software program or hardware device that forwards packets in a
software-defined networking (SDN) environment. Open Flow switches are either based on the
Open Flow protocol or compatible with it.
In a conventional switch, packet forwarding (the data plane) and high-level routing (the control
plane) occur on the same device. In software-defined networking, the data plane is decoupled
from the control plane. The data plane is still implemented in the switch itself but the control
plane is implemented in software and a separate SDN controller makes high-level routing
decisions. The switch and controller communicate by means of the Open Flow protocol.
Flow table entries:
The components of flow table entries and the process by which incoming packets are matched
against flow table entries.
A flow entry consists of header fields, counters, and actions.
Header fields
Counters
Actions
Each flow table entry contains:
1. Header fields to match against packets.
2. Counters to update for matching packet.
3. Actions to apply to matching packets.
These are flow table entries are used to modified in an open flow switch.
Open Flow is an open standard that enables researchers to run experimental protocols in the
campus networks we use every day. Open Flow is added as a feature to commercial Ethernet
switches, routers and wireless access points – and provides a standardized hook to allow
researchers to run experiments, without requiring vendors to expose the internal workings of
their network devices. Open Flow is currently being implemented by major vendors, with Open
Flow-enabled switches now commercially available.
SDN controller (software-defined networking controller):
An SDN controller is an application in software-defined networking (SDN) that manages flow
control to enable intelligent networking. SDN controllers are based on protocols, such as Open
Flow, that allow servers to tell switches where to send packets.
SDN controller is a new paradigm to configure and operate computer networks through a
centralized software controller that dictates how the network behaves. The core of this new
paradigm is the SDN controller.
There are typically two sets of SDN controllers:
The controller is the core of an SDN network. It lies between network devices at one end and
applications at the other end. Any communications between applications and devices have to go
through the controller. The controller also uses protocols such as Open Flow to configure
network devices and choose the optimal network path for application traffic.
SDN controllers works:
Software Defined Networking, as it evolved from prior proposals, standards, and
implementations such as For CES,.
Need help please writting this essay.The number one reason for a.pdf
Need help please writting this essay.
\"The number one reason for a corporation to exist is to maximize shareholder value\"
In a minimum 600-word essay, explain this concept. Explain what determines value for a
shareholder. Identify short-term versus long-term result and balancing the interest of the
shareholders versus society as a whole. Conflicts between managers and shareholders can exist.
Debt holders have a different perspective from shareholders on what is important. Discuss what
is at stake for all three groups (management, shareholders, debt holders).
Solution
First we have to understand the meaning of shareholder,shareholder is an individual or institution
that legally owns one or more shares of stock in a public or private corporation. Shareholders
may be referred to as members of a corporation.Shareholders of a corporation are legally
separate from the corporation itself. They are generally not liable for the debts of the
corporation.Shareholders are granted special privileges depending on the class of stock. The
board of directors of a corporation generally governs a corporation for the benefit of
shareholders.In fact corporations are legal entities, with shareholders having a contract with the
corporation as owning share of the stock.
After understanding the meaning of Shareholder, Now let us discuss on what determines value
for a shareholder: Increasing shareholder value increases the total amount in the stockholders\'
equity section of the balance sheet. The balance sheet formula is assets less liabilities equals
stockholders\' equity, and stockholders\' equity includes retained earnings, or the sum of a
company\'s net income less cash dividends since inception.Companies raise capital to buy assets
and use those assets to generate sales. A well-managed company maximizes the use of its assets
so the firm can operate the business with a smaller investment in assets so that value for
shareholder can be maximized. Companies typically create most of their value through day-to-
day operations, but a major acquisition can create or destroy value faster than any other corporate
activity.
Short-term maximization is disastrous to shareholders. It’s true that maximizing shareholder
value in the short term leads to catastrophic results, since the firm starts to do things that hurt its
long term prosperity.Thus short termism harms shareholders!
Interest of shareholders as well as of the society are both important to the company. It is essential
to make money, the company has a higher purpose, and this purpose goes beyond profit. The
purpose could be creating value for society, and the company’s stakeholders. The corporation
must fulfill its higher value creating purpose. And for this they need a Conscious Culture that
fosters love and care and builds trust between a company’s team members and its other
stakeholders.when you ask whom does the company work for, one of the answers will be for
society (as tax payer), for customers who provides.
My Program below this is supposed to do the following below here but.pdf
My Program below this is supposed to do the following below here but it keeps telling me errors
when I run my c Program please help me fix these errors in the code without having to
completely change the structure.
The Errors are as follows: \"homework3.c\", line 1: warning: invalid white space character in
directive
\"homework3.c\", line 2: warning: invalid white space character in directive
\"homework3.c\", line 3: warning: invalid white space character in directive
\"homework3.c\", line 4: warning: invalid white space character in directive
The code is below the directions I used to make the code.
Consider the following schema:
Veterinarians (vid: integer, eLevel);
Examine (vid: integer,did: integer, fee: integer);
Dogs (did: integer, age: integer); The eLevel is meant to be an experience rating level; it is in the
range: [1, 10]. Fee is in the range: [25, 125], age is in the range: [8, 11]
Heap files corresponding to instances of the above relations are VFile (for Veterinarians), EFile
(for Examine) and DFile (for Dogs); on each line of the heap file, the attributes are listed in the
above corresponding schema order.
You are to write a C/C++ program to find the answer to the following query:
SELECT D.age, COUNT(*), AVG(X.fee), AVG(V.eLevel)
FROM Dogs D, Exmaine X,Veterinarians V
WHERE D.did=X.did AND X.vid=V.vid
GROUP BY D.age
You are expected to implement an efficient join algorithm as part of your solution to this
problem.However, you must assume that main memory is limited, and it is not possible to read
all of the relations into main memory at once; furthermore, your solution must be capable of
processing files of unbounded (unknown) size. Your program is to use VFile, DFile and EFile as
input to the program.
#include
#include
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
/* Type definitions */
typedef int bool;
typedef struct Veterinarian Veterinarian;
typedef struct Dog Dog;
typedef struct Examine Examine;
typedef struct Final_Tuple Final_Tuple;
/* Prototypes */
bool join();
void sort_dog_dids(Dog*, int);
void sift_down_dog(Dog*, int, int);
void sort_vet_vids(Veterinarian*, int);
void sift_down_vet(Veterinarian*, int, int);
bool search_did(Dog*, int, Examine);
int search_vid(Veterinarian*, int, Examine);
/* Structure definitions */
struct Veterinarian {
unsigned int vid;
unsigned short e_level;
};
struct Dog {
unsigned int did;
unsigned short age;
};
struct Examine {
unsigned int vid;
unsigned int did;
unsigned short fee;
};
struct Final_Tuple {
unsigned short e_level;
unsigned long count;
unsigned long long fee_sum;
double fee_avg;
};
int main() {
if (!join()) {
printf(\"Failed to find/open one or more data files.\ \ \");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/** @brief Performs a specific join
@details Gets cross product of Veterinarian, Dog, and Examine tuples where
vids and dids match and the dog age is greater than 10, then
displays the count, sum of all fees, and average fee for each
experience level
This algorithm assumes approximately 6 megabytes of dat.
Linear interpolation in Matlab.Linear interpolation can be done in.pdf
Linear interpolation in Matlab.
Linear interpolation can be done in MATLAB using the interp1 function (that’s “interp-one”).
Its default mode is linear interpolation, which is equivalent to using the ’*linear’ option, but
interp1 can also do other types of polynomial interpolation. Here is an example on a 1-D signal:
n1 = 0:6;
xr1 = (-2).ˆn1;
tti = 0:0.1:6; %-- locations between the n1 indices
xr1linear = interp1(n1,xr1,tti); %-- function is INTERP-ONE
stem(tti,xr1linear)
For the example above, what is the interpolation factor when converting xr1 to xr1linear?
Solution
Ans)
Length of original signal xr1=7 (0:6 )
Length of interpolated signal xr1linear=1+(6/0.1)=61 (0:0.1:6)
Interpolation factor =length(xr1linear)/length(xr1)=61/7=8.7143
Interpolation factor =8.7143.
INDIGENOUS LAND DEFENSESEPTEMBER 17, 2017On the 10th anniversary.pdf
INDIGENOUS LAND DEFENSE
SEPTEMBER 17, 2017
On the 10th anniversary of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(UNDRIP), Indigenous land defenders across the country continue to protect our inherent rights
and territories. The Canadian Government under Justin Trudeau continue to make false claims
that they support Indigenous rights and self-government, yet non-consensual resource extraction
and land theft continues. Idle No More stands in solidarity withthese land defenders. This update
highlights some land defence sites, and invites Indigenous nations and our allies to join the
resistance.
Land rights: Defending Kanehsata:ke
On July 11, 1990, the people of Kanehsatà:ke endured a 78 day siege known as the \"Oka
Crisis\" in order to protect their land from a 9 hole golf course expansion by the Municipalitié
d\'Oka and private developers. The development would also see the removal of Kanien\'kehá:ka
burial ground and condominium development. At the same time, the community of Kahnawake
blocked the busy Mercier bridge on the south shore of Montreal in support of their sister
community of Kanehsatà:ke. While the construction the golf course expansion and condominium
development was prevented, the long standing historical land dispute was never settled.
1)Summarize what you have learned from the article.
2)Does this help or hinder the status of Aboriginal peoples currently? Is it a replay of history?
3)What are your personal reflections of the article.
Solution
1) one thing I have learned from this article is that we need more stronger fighting spirit to save
our environment and lands from our government itself.
We should fight for our inherent rights , territories and our environment.
Repression is becoming the norm globally. Environmental and land defenders … face violence
from state forces, private security groups and state-sponsored vigilante groups.
When we stand up to defend the rights of our communities, we face unfounded criminal charges,
unlawful arrests, custodial torture, threats to life and liberty, surveillance, judicial harassment
and administrative hurdles, among other actions.
2) it is both good and bad for aboriginal people.
Good because it brings the upliftment of their social status of these people and bad as their
inherent land taken by government agencies at very lower benefits of these people.
And their natural habitat is being ruined that will affect their lifestyle & culture too.
This will also affect our whole environment.
It will destroy their different livelihood activities like as fisheries.
3)as far as I get from this article that indigenous people are being harrased by government
agencies for their development agenda at very lower cost and without any sympathy towards
their first nation people or indigenous people.
Government is only thinking about profit and upper class peolpe.they did not make any
compensation for their aboriginal population..
in the essay this is i believe by albert einstein which paragra.pdf
in the essay \"this is i believe by albert einstein \" which paragraph contains the thesis?
Solution
Albert Einstein was the most influential scientist of our time. Despite troubles in education and
learning as a child, Einstein surpassed the odds and helped revolutionize science today. With his
theories on relativity and gravity, Einstein would inspire other great scientists explain the
unexplainable. Einstein also helped in the advancement of modern warfare, by helping Robert
Oppenheimer and Enrico Fermi in the creation of the atomic bomb. Although born in Germany,
Albert Einstein indirectly helped the Allies win World War II and overcome Hitler\'s rampage
for power.
Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879. His parents moved from Ulm to Munich
when he was an infant because of the family business, manufacturing electrical parts. There were
no early indications of Albert\'s intellectual capabilities, and there was some actual concern on
the part of his parents that he was a bit slow. Albert did very mediocre as a child in school
because of his dislike of the rigid methods of instruction. He was also considered quite disruptive
by school officials. Albert, however, had strong interests in Math and Science, the subjects that
he studied on his own. When in High School, Albert dropped out to join his parents in Milan,
Italy, where they had moved because of business failure.
In 1896 Einstein was able to enroll in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, after
making up a few subject deficiencies. It is here that Einstein met a classmate, Mileva, who would
be his future wife. Albert did not like the methods of instruction in the Institute, but he was able
to pass his examinations for his degree and graduated in 1900. In the two years following his
graduation, Einstein subsisted on odd teaching jobs. In 1901 Mileva was pregnant by Albert, and
Albert was held back from getting a job as a teacher because of troubles with his old physics
teacher.
In Java write a menu driven program that implements the following li.pdf
In Java write a menu driven program that implements the following linked list operations :
INSERT (at the beginning)
INSERT_ALPHA (in alphabetical order)
DELETE (Identify by contents, i.e. \"John\", not #3)
COUNT
CLEAR
Solution
sorting........................................
class LinkedList
{
Node head;
// link list
class Node
{
int data;
Node next;
Node(int d) {data = d; next = null; }
}
//function for sorted list
void sortedIns(Node new_node)
{
Node current;
if (head == null || head.data >= new_node.data)
{
new_node.next = head;
head = new_node;
}
else {
current = head;
while (current.next != null &&
current.next.data < new_node.data)
current = current.next;
new_node.next = current.next;
current.next = new_node;
}
}
// function for the creation of node
Node newNode(int data)
{
Node x = new Node(data);
return x;
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
LinkedList llist = new LinkedList();
Node new_node;
new_node = llist.newNode(5);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(10);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(7);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(3);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(1);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
new_node = llist.newNode(9);
llist.sortedIns(new_node);
System.out.println(\"Created Linked List\");
llist.printList();
}
}
if u have to delete an item
temp=head;
arr=head;
for(i=1;i<=link_list_len;i++)
{
arr++;
while(node->data==data1)
{
x=node;
arr=node->nxt;
}
}.
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