This chapter discusses plant structure and function, including:
- Trees have internal anatomy that distributes stress evenly to withstand forces without damage over time.
- Plant structures like roots, trunks, branches, leaves, and flowers all have specific functions and anatomy related to growth, resource transport, reproduction, and response to environmental factors.
- Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration are key physiological processes using resources and environmental inputs like water, carbon dioxide, light, and nutrients.
¿Why are trees so important? If we all plant some 10,0000 trees each we can prevent climate catastrophe, regenerate lost soils, increase biodiversity and preserve vital ecosystems & cycles. Trees are the biggest and oldest living beings on Earth. But around 75% of the ancient forest are vanished for human action.
So it's urgent for us to know and understand trees, how to plant them, how to care for them,how to return them to their most important place in nature.In this class we will learn about tree biology and tree functions as well as their influence in our culture.
In this presentation contains three lessons all in one. The first lesson talks about the biomes of the world means landforms and vegetations in the earth including lesson objectives, a worksheet to solve, a summary of the lesson, and a funny ending. In the second lesson is about the Marine Ecosystem that talks about its ecosystem, the causes, and effects of Marine pollution, ocean zones, and habitats found under the water; this includes lesson objectives, a video, and summary. In the third lesson is about the water bodies of the earth except for the salty water that includes lesson objectives and summary.
¿Why are trees so important? If we all plant some 10,0000 trees each we can prevent climate catastrophe, regenerate lost soils, increase biodiversity and preserve vital ecosystems & cycles. Trees are the biggest and oldest living beings on Earth. But around 75% of the ancient forest are vanished for human action.
So it's urgent for us to know and understand trees, how to plant them, how to care for them,how to return them to their most important place in nature.In this class we will learn about tree biology and tree functions as well as their influence in our culture.
In this presentation contains three lessons all in one. The first lesson talks about the biomes of the world means landforms and vegetations in the earth including lesson objectives, a worksheet to solve, a summary of the lesson, and a funny ending. In the second lesson is about the Marine Ecosystem that talks about its ecosystem, the causes, and effects of Marine pollution, ocean zones, and habitats found under the water; this includes lesson objectives, a video, and summary. In the third lesson is about the water bodies of the earth except for the salty water that includes lesson objectives and summary.
More for teachers who do not have much science background than for students. Discusses the ideas of cycles and systems and goes into some detail about some representative sample cycles.
This could be followed by the water cycle slide show:
http://www.slideshare.net/MMoiraWhitehouse/teach-water-cycle-copy
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
Environmental Sciences Second Semester B.pharm RTMNU
An ecosystem is a grouping of organisms that interact with each other and their environment in such a way as to preserve the grouping.
Content:-
What is an ecosystem
Three major principles of ecosystem
Components of an ecosystem
Abiotic components
Biotic components
Movement of energy and nutrients
Food chain
Food webs
Trophic levels, biomass and biome
Linkages and interactions in an ecosystem
Carbon cycle and oxygen cycle
Model of nutrient cycle
Environmental Limitation in ecosystem development.
Nutrient cycling:
Movement of chemical elements from the environment into living organisms and from them back into the environment through organisms live, grow, die and decompose.
Energy flow:
Energy is required to transform inorganic nutrients into organic tissues of an organism.
Energy is the driving force to the work of ecosystem.
Structure
It refers to the particular pattern of inter-relationships that exists between organisms in an ecosystem.
Energy and Nutrients passed through the ecosystem by food chains and webs from lower trophic level to the higher trophic level.
However, only 5% to 20% energy and nutrients are transferred into higher trophic level successfully.
For this reason, first trophic level has the largest number of organisms, and second trophic level is less than first one; the third level is less than second level, and so on.
Nitrogen cycle can be affected by man in five major ways:
Fertilizer production (mainly nitrates and ammonium salts) to grow more food by increasing yields, and replenishing lost nitrogen from the soil.
Burning of fossil fuels in cars, power plants, and heating which puts nitrogen dioxide into the atmosphere.
Increasing animals wastes (nitrates) from more people and from livestock and poultry grown in ranches.
Increased sewage flows from industry and urbanization.
Increased erosion of and runoff nearby streams, lakes and rivers from cultivation, irrigation, agricultural wastes, mining, urbanization and poor land use.
Nutrients (chemicals, minerals or elements) are circulated around the ecosystem and recycled continually.
Gersmehl identified three storage compartments.
Litter: the surface layer of vegetation which may eventually become humus.
Biomass: the total mass of living organisms, per unit area.
Soil: the nutrients store in soil (weathered material) and semi-weathered material.Quality of light:
Red and blue light: green plants (photosynthesis)
Green light: plants in woods or deep water
Ultraviolet light: retards plant growth
Duration of light
Affect the behaviour of plants and animals (flowering, migration, mating….)
Intensity of light:
Controlling factor for rate of photosynthesis
Net productivity is the function of photosynthesis and respiration.
Wind can act as an environmental factor
Directly by causing mechanical damage to plants
Indirectly affecting relative humidity and evaporation rates.
High wind speed increases the rate of transpiration.
J
More for teachers who do not have much science background than for students. Discusses the ideas of cycles and systems and goes into some detail about some representative sample cycles.
This could be followed by the water cycle slide show:
http://www.slideshare.net/MMoiraWhitehouse/teach-water-cycle-copy
what is climate change...
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant processes:
Phenology,
Net carbon assimilation,
Water relation,
Grain development and quality,
Nutrient acquisition and yield
Environmental Sciences Second Semester B.pharm RTMNU
An ecosystem is a grouping of organisms that interact with each other and their environment in such a way as to preserve the grouping.
Content:-
What is an ecosystem
Three major principles of ecosystem
Components of an ecosystem
Abiotic components
Biotic components
Movement of energy and nutrients
Food chain
Food webs
Trophic levels, biomass and biome
Linkages and interactions in an ecosystem
Carbon cycle and oxygen cycle
Model of nutrient cycle
Environmental Limitation in ecosystem development.
Nutrient cycling:
Movement of chemical elements from the environment into living organisms and from them back into the environment through organisms live, grow, die and decompose.
Energy flow:
Energy is required to transform inorganic nutrients into organic tissues of an organism.
Energy is the driving force to the work of ecosystem.
Structure
It refers to the particular pattern of inter-relationships that exists between organisms in an ecosystem.
Energy and Nutrients passed through the ecosystem by food chains and webs from lower trophic level to the higher trophic level.
However, only 5% to 20% energy and nutrients are transferred into higher trophic level successfully.
For this reason, first trophic level has the largest number of organisms, and second trophic level is less than first one; the third level is less than second level, and so on.
Nitrogen cycle can be affected by man in five major ways:
Fertilizer production (mainly nitrates and ammonium salts) to grow more food by increasing yields, and replenishing lost nitrogen from the soil.
Burning of fossil fuels in cars, power plants, and heating which puts nitrogen dioxide into the atmosphere.
Increasing animals wastes (nitrates) from more people and from livestock and poultry grown in ranches.
Increased sewage flows from industry and urbanization.
Increased erosion of and runoff nearby streams, lakes and rivers from cultivation, irrigation, agricultural wastes, mining, urbanization and poor land use.
Nutrients (chemicals, minerals or elements) are circulated around the ecosystem and recycled continually.
Gersmehl identified three storage compartments.
Litter: the surface layer of vegetation which may eventually become humus.
Biomass: the total mass of living organisms, per unit area.
Soil: the nutrients store in soil (weathered material) and semi-weathered material.Quality of light:
Red and blue light: green plants (photosynthesis)
Green light: plants in woods or deep water
Ultraviolet light: retards plant growth
Duration of light
Affect the behaviour of plants and animals (flowering, migration, mating….)
Intensity of light:
Controlling factor for rate of photosynthesis
Net productivity is the function of photosynthesis and respiration.
Wind can act as an environmental factor
Directly by causing mechanical damage to plants
Indirectly affecting relative humidity and evaporation rates.
High wind speed increases the rate of transpiration.
J
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Mechanical design of trees
y Evenly distribute stress along surfaces
y No overloaded or under loaded points over
time
y Active cambium growth in response to stress
y Internal anatomy directly related to strength
y Tree growth reveals stress pattern
12. Mycorrhizal fungi
y Myco = fungus; rhiza = root
y More than 90% of plants in nature have a
mycorrhizal symbiont
y Ectomycorrhizae = fungus forms a sheath outside the
root
y Endomycorrhizae = no sheath; inside the root
26. Photosynthesis
y Using CO2, water, and light to produce O2 and sugars
y Temperature
y CO2—limiting factor when light is sufficient
y Water
y Nutrients
y 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen
32. Nutrients
y Needed to increase leaf area
y Nitrogen (even at low levels)
y Iron
y Pesticides, air pollution, insects and diseases
directly and indirectly reduce the rate of
photosynthesis
34. Respiration
y Using photosynthates as fuel
y Needs oxygen
y Releases water and CO2 also
y Effects of temperature
y Effects of soil water
y Effects of soil oxygen
y Needed for compartmentalization
