3. INTRODUCTION
Viruses are tiny things that make us sick. They are not really alive but but they are not exactly dead
either. They are really trouble makers of microscopic world, they are made up of RNA and DNA
and have a protective covering called capsid. A virus is 2000 times smaller then a grain of soil. They
are basically called germs (pathogens).
4. STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES
Viruses are extremely simple, their bodies are consist of protein cord which is
called capsid. Viruses also have additional membrane surrounding the nucleus
which is called envelop. The middle region is called neck region and the last
region is called fiber tall region. The tall region has hair like structures called
pins.
5. TYPES OF VIRUSES
There are hundreds od types of viruses present on the earth. But some of
dangerous types are explained below here.
6. 1. HIV :-
• HIV or human immunodeficiency virus. It is a virus that attacks the human
immune system. It primarily targets a type of white blood cell called CD4T cells
which are crucial for maintaining a strong immune system.
• TRANSMISSION:- they are transmitted through certain body fluids such as
blood,seemon viginal fluids and breast milk, they can occour through un
protected sexual intercourse, sharing needles or syringes.
• TREATMENT:- while there is no cure of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can
effectively controls the virus replication and slow down the progression of the
dieses.
7. COVID19
• Covid19 is a virus highly contagious respiratory illness caused by a novel corona
virus known as SAR-COV-2
• ORIGIN:-Corona virus is first identified in December 19 in Wuhan China.
• TRANSMISSION:-The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when
an infected person cough, sneezes, talks, or breaths.
• TREATMENT:-Get vaccined if eligible, wash your hands frequently with soap and
water for 20 seconds, wear mask in outdoor or indoor settings.
8. IMPORTANCE OF VIRUSES
• Viruses are often seen as disease causing agents they actually play several
crucial roles in various ecosystems and have important scientific, medical, and
industrial implications.
• Here are some importances of viruses.
• BIOLOGICAL REGULATIONS:-Viruses are natural regulators of various
ecosystems. They can control the populations of certain organisms preventing
overgrowth.
• GENETIC DIVERSITY:-viruses can transfer genetic material between different
organisms facilitating genetic diversity. The horizonal gene transfer can lead to
the evolution of a new traits.
• MEDICAL RESEARCH:-Viruses have been instrumental in advancing medical
sciences . They have been used to study fundamental biological processes,
develop vaccines and serves as tool for gene therapy and electric engineering.
