There are 3 planes of movement in the human body: the sagittal plane involving forward/backward flexion and extension movements like running and bicep curls, the frontal plane involving side-to-side abduction and adduction movements like side arm raises and lunges, and the transverse plane involving twisting and rotating movements like medicine ball twists. Each plane involves different motions at joints like the elbows, knees, hips, and spine.