Bio remediation

1. VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN ,
VEERACHIPALAYAM, SANKARI, SALEM,TAMILNADU
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
GUIDED BY
DR. R. DINESH KUMAR,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,
VIVEKANANDHA ARTSAND SCIENCE
COLLEGE FORWOMEN
SANKARI,SALEM,TAMILNADU
PHYTOEXRACTION
SUBJECT:BIOREMEDIATION
SUBMITTED BY
M. JAMINA
1, MSC MICROBIOLOGY
VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
SANKARI, SALEM, TAMILNADU

2. INTRODUCTION
PHYTOEXTRACTION
 Phytoexction also called, Phytoaccumulation,
phytoabsorbtion, or phytosequestration, refers to the
use of plants absorb, translocate, and store toxic
contaminants from soil, sediments, and Or sludge in the
root and shoot tissues.
 The idea of using plants to extract metals from
contaminated soil was introduced and developed by
utsunamya(1980) and chaney(1983)

3. INTRODUCTION
PHYTOEXTRACTION
 Phytoexraction is aType of Phytoremediation.
 Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses
plants to clean up pollutants ( metals and organics) from
the environment.
 It is the absorption of pollutants from polluted locations
(soil,water,sediments) by plant roots, as well as their
transport and accumulation in aboveground plant
tissues.
 Additionally known as phytomining and biomining.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYTOEXCTION
 Fast growth production
 High biomass production
 Deep roots
 Tolerance to metal update
 Metal specificity
 A high rate of metal transport from roots to shoots
 Accumulation

5. TYPES OF PHYTOEXCTION
 Types of Phytoextraction
 Phytoextraction is widely categorised as chelate-assisted
phytoextraction (induced phytoextraction) and long-
term phytoextraction (continuous phytoextraction),of
which chelate-assisted phytoextraction is more
acceptable and is being implemented commercially at
the present time.

6. TYPES OF PHYTOEXCTION
1. chelate-assisted phytoextraction (induced
phytoextraction)
2. long-term phytoextraction (continuous
phytoextraction)

7. CHELATE-ASSISTED PHYTOEXTRACTION
 A.Chelate-Assisted Phytoextraction
 Chelate-assisted phytoextraction entails the employment of
metal chelating agents in conjunction with non-accumulator
plants with a high biomass potential so as to increase the
soluble metal fraction.
 Transport of metals to the harvestable shoot during
discharge of soil solution constitutes the additive function of
two fundamental processes.

8. CHELATE-ASSISTED PHYTOEXCTION

 It has been noted that the adoption of fast-growing tree
species satisfies the necessity for chemically assisted high
biomass production in order to obtain high metal
accumulation.
 Chelates such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
are credited with the ability to promote the production of
soluble metal-EDTA in plants, so facilitating the transfer of
metals from the root system to the shoot,where they
accumulate as metal–EDTA complexes.

9. CHELATE-ASSISTED PHYTOEXCTION
 Transport of metal–chelate complexes from the xylem to the
shoots seems to play a significant role in the accumulation of
chelate-assisted metal complexes in plants.
 In addition to an efficient capillary plumbing system, the
movement of metal–chelate complexes within plants is
dependent on a high-surface-area collection system given by the
roots.
 Movement of metals as a metal–chelate complex to shoots is
followed by retention of the metal–chelate complex when
transpiration stream water evaporates.

10. CONTINUES PHYTOEXCTION
 chelates by plants is associated to stress, which is
occasionally followed by plant demise.It is unclear,
however,whether stress is required for induction or only
reflects the accumulation of high concentrations of
synthetic chelate within the plant.
 It has been discovered that chemical additives (such as
EDTA) are not only phytotoxic,but also exert their toxic
effects on beneficial soil microorganisms known to play
crucial roles in plant growth and development.

11. CONTINUOUS PHYTOEXCTION
 In an alternative method, metal buildup can be
accomplished by utilising the unique physiological
processes that occur during the entire plant growth
cycle.
 Continuous phytoextraction, unlike forced metal
uptake, is done by the genetic and physiological
aptitude of plants designed to accumulate, translocate,
and tolerate high metal concentrations.

12. PROCESS

13. PROCESS
 The metal needs to be dissolved in something the
plant roots can absorb
 The plant roots need to absorb the heavy metal
 The plant needs to chelate the metal in order to
both protect itself and make the metal more mobile
 The plant moves the chelated metal to a place to
safety store it

14. PROCESS
 Finally the planet must adapt to any damages the metal
cause during transportation and storage

15. DISSOLUTION
 Metals need to be dissolved as an ion in solution to be
mobile in an organism
 Once the metal is mobile, it can be directly transported
over the root cell wall by a specific metal transporter
 The plant roots mediate this process by secreting agents
that capture the metal in the rhizosphere and then
transport the metal over the cell wall

16. ROOT ABSORPTION
 The first thing that happens when a metal is
absorbed is it binds to the cell wall
 The metal is then transported into the root
 Some plants then store the metal through
chelation Or sequence

17. ROOT ABSORPTION
many specific transition metal ligands contributing to
metal detoxification and transport are up-regulated
in plants when metals are available in the rhizosphere
 At this point the metal can be alone or already
sequence by a cheating agent or other compound
 In order to get to the xylem the metal then needs
to pass through the roof symplasm

18. FACTOR AFFECTING
 There are three factors
 Soil depth
 Bioavailibility of metals
 Biomass production and physiological adaptability

19. SOIL DEPTH
 The roots of plants play an important role in
phytoexction.As phytoexction is limited to the zone
influenced by the roots of plants, the depth and size of
the root determines the depth of phytoexction.
 If contamination is at substantially greater depth, deep-
rooted popular trees can be used,however,there is
concern about leaf litter and associated toxic residues

20. BIOAVAILABILITY OF METALS
 Fraction of the metal which plants can absorb is
known as the available or bioavailable fraction
 Metals with in the soil solution are the only soil
fraction directly available for plants uptake.
 Many factors affect the bioavailability of metals
in soil the most important beeing the total
metal concentration ph the presence of organic
matter redox conditions and the presence of
class and hydrous oxides

21. PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY
 Limited Biomass production
 Physilogical adaptabilityTo varying climatic
condition
 Adaptability to current agronomic techniques

22. ADVANTAGE
 The price is quite affordable
 Pollutants are eliminated permanently from location

23. DISADVANTAGE
 The majority of hyper accumulators have modest
growth rates,poor bio mass , and shallow roots system
 Harvested biomass must be disposed of properly

24. Thank you