[PHY103] Introduction to General Physics for Engineering Students 1/2013
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This talked was given on the first day of PHY103 class at KMUTT on August 8, 2013. It was the overview of the topics over in this physics.
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[PHY103] Introduction to General Physics for Engineering Students 1/2013
- 1. âVectors. Adding and multiplying vectors. Systems of particles and Newton's 2nd Law. Linear momentum. Center of mass. Conservation of angular momentum. Systems with varying mass. Collisions in 1D and 2D. Rotation of rigid body. Rolling, torque, and angular momentum. Fluid mechanics. Simple harmonic oscillations. Wave propagation. Sound waves. Heat. Entropy.The 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory of gasses.â Course Description --- quoted from physics curriculum (2009) PHY 103 Physics for Engineering Students (3-0-6) āļāļĢ.āļ§āļĢāļ§āļĢāļāļāđ āļĢāļąāļāđāļĢāļ·āļāļāđāļāļ āļāļĢ.āļāļąāļāļāļĨ āļāļĨāļąāđāļāļāļļāļĻāļĒāđ āļ āļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļīāļŠāļīāļāļŠāđ āļāļāļ°āļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđ āļĄāļāļ. āļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļīāļŠāļīāļāļŠāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđ (āđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĨ) Teaching and Research Team + âTotal of 200 Studentsâ âSmall groups of 5â 2 Instructors: âĒWorawarong R. âĒUttapol K. 4 Facilitators: âĒ Kachanon N. (LI) âĒ Banyat L. (LI) âĒ Marut P. (LI) âĒ Tossaporn L. (Ph.D. student) Teaching and Research Team 1 Grader âĒ Nantarat SCL 2109 Studio Lab: CB24XX learning space (ME?) outside the classroom space e-learning Physics Book High-School Physics Motion Types translation 2D projectile circular Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO) 1Dlinear 3D Rotation Oscillations Relevant Quantities position & displacement (~x) speed & velocity (~v) acceleration (~a) time (t) tools graphing calculus "rate of change" Laws Newton's Laws 1st law v = const, if F = 0 2nd law F = ma Force (F) Total Force equillibrium collisions Friction mass (m) acceleration (a) T = I*a Torque & Moment āļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļ Moment of Inertia (I) angular acceleration 3rd law action = reaction choosing relevant force Gravitational Law of Newton F = Gm1m2/r^2 Body Rigid Bodies Fluids (Force) Field Energy Heat Electric and Magnetic Radiation and Nuclear Energy Types Fusion Fission E = mc^2 nuclear reaction applications power plants radioactive substances types properties sources environmental impacts Waves mechanicalv = lambda * f Sound sound pollution Phenomena beats standing waves doppler shock waves resonances Hearing sound quality pitch intensity / sound level sources properties parameters Electromagnetic Light geometrical reïŽection mirrors planar spherical refraction Snell's law index of refraction total internal reïŽection (TIR) apperant depth lens concave convex physical interference diffraction gratingscattering spectrum color seeing matter waves Heuygen principles Typespotential kinetic work rate of doing work = power Essentials Quantities SI Units Mathematics Calculus derivatives integrals Table and Graphing Vector Adding Multiplying Problem Analysis Free-Body Diagram Main ConceptPhysics = Quantitative Science Measurement accuracy uncertainty signiïŽcant ïŽgures Comparison Ideas Mass balance *** Electricity and magnetism Electrical & Magnetic Components Capacitor Inductors Resistance Battery Transformer Devices / Appliances Principles Maxwell's Equations Charges Static Moving Current Electromagnetic Waves Free space In materials Fields Electric Magnetic ***Quantum Mechanics Failure of classical physics Planck Hypothesis Duality of LightPhotoelectric effect Quantum Computer Atoms Lorentz Model"Spring-like" Bohr Atom Quantized energy spectrum Quantum Model Schrodinger Equation Wavefunctions Uncertainty Principle Probabilistics High-School Physics Motion Types translation 2D projectile circular Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO) 1Dlinear 3D Rotation Oscillations Relevant Quantities position & displacement (~x) speed & velocity (~v) acceleration (~a) time (t) tools graphing calculus "rate of change" Laws Newton's Laws 1st law v = const, if F = 0 2nd law F = ma Force (F) Total Force equillibrium collisions Friction mass (m) acceleration (a) T = I*a Torque & Moment āļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļ Moment of Inertia (I) angular acceleration 3rd law action = reaction choosing relevant force Gravitational Law of Newton F = Gm1m2/r^2 Body Rigid Bodies Fluids (Force) Field Energy Heat Electric and Magnetic Radiation and Nuclear Energy Types Fusion Fission E = mc^2 nuclear reaction applications power plants radioactive substances types properties sources environmental impacts Waves mechanicalv = lambda * f Sound sound pollution Phenomena beats standing waves doppler shock waves resonances Hearing sound quality pitch intensity / sound level sources properties parameters Electromagnetic Light geometrical reïŽection mirrors planar spherical refraction Snell's law index of refraction total internal reïŽection (TIR) apperant depth lens concave convex physical interference diffraction gratingscattering spectrum color seeing matter waves Heuygen principles Typespotential kinetic work rate of doing work = power Essentials Quantities SI Units Mathematics Calculus derivatives integrals Table and Graphing Vector Adding Multiplying Problem Analysis Free-Body Diagram Main ConceptPhysics = Quantitative Science Measurement accuracy uncertainty signiïŽcant ïŽgures Comparison Ideas Mass balance *** Electricity and magnetism Electrical & Magnetic Components Capacitor Inductors Resistance Battery Transformer Devices / Appliances Principles Maxwell's Equations Charges Static Moving Current Electromagnetic Waves Free space In materials Fields Electric Magnetic ***Quantum Mechanics Failure of classical physics Planck Hypothesis Duality of LightPhotoelectric effect Quantum Computer Atoms Lorentz Model"Spring-like" Bohr Atom Quantized energy spectrum Quantum Model Schrodinger Equation Wavefunctions Uncertainty Principle Probabilistics
- 2. PHY: 103 Topics Mechanics Newton's laws Motion Types of motions Linear motion Periodic motion Simple Harmonic Circular Elliptical Oscillations Mapping mechanics with waves Mechanical Waves longtitudinal sound transverse string Angular motion Description space & time position, velocity, acceleration As a method of nature laws for making prediction Force linear angular Body Rigid System of particles Fluid Flow Lamina Turbulance Conservation Laws Momentum Angular LinearEnergy Essential toolsSystem of units Free body diagram Physics and quantitative science Measurement Comparison Scaling Laws Vectors adding multiplying Mathematics Table and graphs Calculus Heat & Thermodynamics Laws of thermodynamics 0th law thermal equillibrium 1st law Conservation of Energy 2nd law Set Nature's Direction Basic Quantities Energy Heat Transfer Conduction Convection Radiation Internal Energy System Work Temperature Scales SpeciïŽc Heat Atomic Levels Kinetic theory of gases Gas laws Statistics Bulk Properties *** Electricity and magnetism ***Quantum Mechanics Waves Types Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic Waves Light Matter Waves Parameters Frequency / Amplitude / Phase / Polarization / Propagation direction āļŠāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļ āļēāļ āļŠāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļ āļŠāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļ wk 1 wk 2 wk 3 wk 4 wk 5 wk 6 wk 7 wk 8 wk 9 wk 9 wk 10 wk 11 wk 12 wk 13 wk 13 wk 14 wk 15 wk 16 wk 17 wk 18 Course Introduction & Tracker Program Gaussian cannon (conservation laws) Paper bridge (analysis of structure) Loaded Hoop (Newtonâs Laws) Ball Levitation (Fluid dynamics) Spinning top (Rotational Inertia) A simple pendulum? (Resonance condition) Review physics of musics (vibrations & sound) project consultation project performance Thermal comfort (thermodynamics I) water rise expt. (kinetic theory of gas) gasoline vs. diesel engines (thermo. II) Review āļĢāļĻ.āļāļĢ.āļāļāļĐāđāļāļąāļāļāļļāđ āļāļĻ.āļāļĢ.āļāļ§āļīāļ āļāļĻ.āļāļĢ.āļĒāļĻāļāļāļĐāđ āļ.āļŠāļļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĐāđ / āļāļāļēāļāļāļāđ āļāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāļĒāđāļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļ°āđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĨ āļāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāļĒāđāļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļ°āđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĨ (Tentative) Schedule of PHY103 in 1/56
- 3. High-School Physics Motion Types translation 2D projectile circular Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO) 1Dlinear 3D Rotation Oscillations Relevant Quantities position & displacement (~x) speed & velocity (~v) acceleration (~a) time (t) tools graphing calculus "rate of change" Laws Newton's Laws 1st law v = const, if F = 0 2nd law F = ma Force (F) Total Force equillibrium collisions Friction mass (m) acceleration (a) T = I*a Torque & Moment āļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļ Moment of Inertia (I) angular acceleration 3rd law action = reaction choosing relevant force Gravitational Law of Newton F = Gm1m2/r^2 Body Rigid Bodies Fluids (Force) Field Energy Heat Electric and Magnetic Radiation and Nuclear Energy Types Fusion Fission E = mc^2 nuclear reaction applications power plants radioactive substances types properties sources environmental impacts Waves mechanicalv = lambda * f Sound sound pollution Phenomena beats standing waves doppler shock waves resonances Hearing sound quality pitch intensity / sound level sources properties parameters Electromagnetic Light geometrical reïŽection mirrors planar spherical refraction Snell's law index of refraction total internal reïŽection (TIR) apperant depth lens concave convex physical interference diffraction gratingscattering spectrum color seeing matter waves Heuygen principles Typespotential kinetic work rate of doing work = power Essentials Quantities SI Units Mathematics Calculus derivatives integrals Table and Graphing Vector Adding Multiplying Problem Analysis Free-Body Diagram Main ConceptPhysics = Quantitative Science Measurement accuracy uncertainty signiïŽcant ïŽgures Comparison Ideas Mass balance *** Electricity and magnetism Electrical & Magnetic Components Capacitor Inductors Resistance Battery Transformer Devices / Appliances Principles Maxwell's Equations Charges Static Moving Current Electromagnetic Waves Free space In materials Fields Electric Magnetic ***Quantum Mechanics Failure of classical physics Planck Hypothesis Duality of LightPhotoelectric effect Quantum Computer Atoms Lorentz Model"Spring-like" Bohr Atom Quantized energy spectrum Quantum Model Schrodinger Equation Wavefunctions Uncertainty Principle Probabilistics Wk 1 (3hr): The core of âphysicsâ ... the quantitative science: measurement and comparison / dimension analysis Physics is a quantitative science. Measurement and comparison are the keys. Quantity and units are essential for measurement and making comparison Key Concepts Dimension analysis and modeling āļāļāļāļ§āļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđïāđāļāļīāļĄ (āđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļē āļĄ.āļāļĨāļēāļĒ) 2 hr Going over course syllabus Good practice to solve a physics problem Key Success âĒ āļāļĩāđāđāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļ§āļīāļāļē âĒ āļŠāļĢïāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļāļąāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢï āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ (measurement and comparison) âĒ āļāļāļāļ§āļāļāļĢāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđïāđāļāļīāļĄ (āļĄ.āļāļĨāļēāļĒ) âĒ āđāļĨïāļēāđāļĢāļ·āđāļāļ dimension analysis F = ma represents an equation of motion, which is the cause of change of motion. Wk 2 (3hr): The âCannonâ ... vectors and motions via the Newtonâs laws Key Concepts Free-body diagram is a drawing representing external forces acting on the object of interest. (dealing with F) âMonkey gunâ acceleration of a ball free fall F = ma from kx âprojectileâ motion Key Success Displacement, velocity, and acceleration represent ing âmotionâ are connected based on calculus (dealing with a) Vectors are useful for keeping tracks of magnitude and direction of a physical quantity āđāļïāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĒāļīāļāļĨāļđāļāđāļŦāļĨāđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĢāđāļāļāđāļāļĨïāđāļïāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļ·āđāļāļĄāđāļĒāļ âĒ āļāļāļāļāļāļāļīāļ§āļāļąāļ (āļïāļāļŠāļāļ) âĒ āđāļ§āļāđāļāļāļĢïāļïāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļĢāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĩāđ (x/v/a) âĒ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢïāļēāļāđāļĄāđāļāļĨāļïāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ free-body diagram āđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđïāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē (1 hr pre-test) period of 1 hr: (16/8/56) pre-test āđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļē āļĄ.āļāļĨāļēāļĒ
- 4. Wk 3 (3hr): Analysis of Structure ... the equilibrium of forces and moments Key Concepts Equilibrium of rigid body Condition for zero force and zero moment of forces. activity: invent yourself? Examples/techniques used are analysis of trusses & method of joints 1st and 3rd laws of Newton Key Success Conservation laws deal with constant of motion (energy / momentum / angular momentum) Wk 4 (3hr):The Gaussian Cannon ....the Conservation Laws: Energy and Linear Momentum. Key Concepts Conservation of momentum is valid when F = 0. Itâs useful for describing collisions Types of collisions: elastic vs inelastic collisions. In both cases momentum and energy are always conserved Conservation of energy is always true. Energy cannot be destroyed or created. It only change forms. âGaussian Cannonâ F = ma can be describe as a rate of change of momentum (i.e. impulse) âĒ āļāļāļāļ§āļ condition of equilibrium and Newtonâs laws of motion âĒ āļāļģāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļïāļēāđāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļāļĨāļđāļāđāļŦāļĨāđāļāļāļĩāđ āļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļāļïāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļđāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļāļïāļāļāļĨāļąāļāđāļĄï āđāļŦāļĨāđāļ... the Gaussian cannon âĒ conservation laws: energy and linear momentum
- 5. understand the basic principle of a gyroscope Wk 5 (3hr): Spinning âTop:â .... rotational motion via a gyroscope Conservation of angular momentum allows us to keep tracks of orientation (e.g. gyroscope) Key Concepts Parallel axis theorem is useful for ïŽnding moment of inertial at the pivot displaced from C.O.M. Moment of inertia is analogy to mass. It tells the property of the object and can be calculated by I = Integrate(r^2dm) Activities âGyroscopeâ Goal: get a longest precision time on a spinning top: Design www.bgfl.org similarities and differences between linear and angular motions. Torque = (Moment of Inertia)*(angular acceleration) Parameters to adjust/explore: âĒmoment of inertia of the disk (mass or length) âĒacceleration (torque and angle and time) âĒsymmetry for stable rotation Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy âĒ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļĄāđāļĒāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨïāļēāļĒāļāļĨāļķāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§ïāļēāļ linear motion āđāļĨāļ° rotational motion âĒ āđāļïāļēāđāļāđāļĢāļ·āđāļāļ torque, moment of inertia and angular acceleration âĒ āđāļïāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢïāļēāļ spinning top āđāļŦï āļŦāļĄāļļāļāđāļïāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ The$Kine(c$Energy$of$Rolling$ must$take$into$account$both$rota(on$and$transla(on$ 1 2 Icom 2 1 2 Mv2 com+ = (K.E.)rolling rota%onal(kine(c$energy$ due$to$rota(ons$about$ its$center$of$mass$ transla%onal(kine(c$energy$ due$to$transla(on$of$its$ center$of$mass$ Kine(c$Energy$(K.E.)$ of$a$rolling$object$ Wk 6 (3hr): Hydraulic Lever and Ballâs Levitation. ... ïŽuid mechanics Design of hydraulic lever Pressure is vary with height and depth Pascal principle Key Concepts Buoyancy density How lift and drag created in imaginary stream(pipe)line basic parameters: density, pressure, air velocity / proïŽle. Key Success Bernoulliâs equation + equation of continuity. Laminar vs.Turbulence and signiïŽcance of Reynold number. Pascalâs'Principle'and'the'Hydraulic'Lever' Considering'the'work'done'by'the'output'piston,' W = Fodo = Fi Ao Ai âĨ di Ai Ao âĨ = Fidi Work'done'by'the'output'piston' in'li=ing'the'load'placed'on'it' Work'done'on'the'input' piston'by'the'applied'force' Hydraulic*Lever* Pascalâs*Principle:'A'change'in'the'pressure'applied'to'an'enclosed'incompressible'ïŽuid'is' transmiCed'undiminished'to'every'porDon'of'the'ïŽuid'and'to'the'walls'of'its'container.â' PhET Simulator |Fb| = mf g Buoyancy / lift / drag Av1 = Av2 This%rela*onship%also%apply%to%any%so0called%tube%of%ïŽow.%% Any%imaginary% ïŽow%whose% boundary%consists% of%streamlines.% Volume%ïŽow%rate% Mass%ïŽow%rate% RV = Av = const. Rm = RV = const. Equa*on%of% Con*nuity% Bernoulliâs+Equa/on+A+principle+of+ïŽuid+ïŽow+based+on+ conserva/on+of+energy+ p + 1 2 v2 + gy = constant âĒ (āļāļēāļ 2 āļāļĄ.) āđāļāļāļĒïāđāļŦïāđāļĨïāļ āļŦāļēāļĄāļļāļĄāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļģāđāļŦïāļĨāļđāļ āļïāļāļāļāļāļĨāļāļĒāđāļïāļïāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāđāļï āļēāļāļĄ âĒ (āļāļēāļ 1 āļāļĄ.) āđāļïāđāļŪāļāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļāļŠïāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļŦāđāļāđāļïāđāļāļāļļāļāļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ (air / oil) āļāļāļļāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦïāļāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĨ? Density( (uniform)density)) = M V = lim V 0 m V = dm dV = m V For) a) small) volume) âV),)measuring)a)mass) âm,)the)density)is$ For)a)inïŽnitesimal)volume)dV)with)a)mass) of)dm,)we)deïŽne)a)density) In)a)case)that)a)material) is) much) larger) than) atomic)dimensions,))
- 6. Wk 7: Review of mechanics Physics is a quantitative science. Measurement and comparison are the keys. Quantity and units are essential for measurement and making comparison Dimension analysis and modeling Good practice to solve a physics problem Key Success F = ma represents an equation of motion, which is the cause of change of motion. Free-body diagram is a drawing representing external forces acting on the object of interest. (dealing with F) Displacement, velocity, and acceleration represent ing âmotionâ are connected based on calculus (dealing with a) Vectors are useful for keeping tracks of magnitude and direction of a physical quantity Wk 8: Midterm examination Equilibrium of rigid body Condition for zero force and zero moment of forces. Examples/techniques used are analysis of trusses & method of joints 1st and 3rd laws of Newton Conservation laws deal with constant of motion (energy / momentum / angular momentum) Conservation of momentum is valid when F = 0. Itâs useful for describing collisions Types of collisions: elastic vs inelastic collisions. In both cases momentum and energy are always conserved Conservation of energy is always true. Energy cannot be destroyed or created. It only change forms. F = ma can be describe as a rate of change of momentum (i.e. impulse) Design of hydraulic lever Pressure is vary with height and depth Pascal principle How lift and drag created in imaginary stream(pipe)line basic parameters: density, pressure, air velocity / proïŽle. Bernoulliâs equation + equation of continuity. Laminar vs.Turbulence and signiïŽcance of Reynold number. Buoyancy / lift / drag wk 1 wk 2 wk 3 wk 4 wk 5 āļāļāļāļ§āļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļ·āđāļāļĄāđāļĒāļāļāļąāđāļāđāļïāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļŦïāļāļĩāđ 1 āļāļķāļ 5 āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĢïāļāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļ āļēāļ āļāļģāļāļ§āļ 50% + āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļïāļēāđāļ 50% understand the basic principle of a gyroscope Conservation of angular momentum allows us to keep tracks of orientation (e.g. gyroscope) Parallel axis theorem is useful for ïŽnding moment of inertial at the pivot displaced from C.O.M. Moment of inertia is analogy to mass. It tells the property of the object and can be calculated by I = Integrate(r^2dm) similarities and differences between linear and angular motions. Torque = (Moment of Inertia)*(angular acceleration) wk 6 Applets Wk 9 (3hr):What is âResonanceâ? ...Different types of Harmonic Motion (linear and angular dynamics) Key Concepts The key of âRESONANCEâ phenomena: the matching of natural frequency and driving frequency. Resonance Pendulum understanding the way to write âdifferential equationsâ for simple harmonic motion, damped harmonic motion, and forced harmonic motion. the understanding of ânatural frequencyâ with an example of (simple?) pendulum Understanding the limit of a simple pendulum, i.e. if (1) angle is small and (2) string is massless. Physical pendulum is useful for predicting the motion of a real pendulum Activities parameters: (1) mass of string (2) angle of pendulum (3) mass of the (4) āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāļļāđāļāļāļāļ pendulum (5) .... âExplore the limit of the Simple Pendulumâ Masses & Springs Forced Harmonic MotionDamped Harmonic Motion Important Oscillatory Motion Amplitude 8 1 Ïm b = 12 2bb = 13 4bb = 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Ï Ï "" ( )ÎītÏsin G F )t(x m â""= (small&damping)& x = Fm G sin !!! t "!( ) ! G = m2 ""# 2 $#2 ( ) 2 + b2 ""# 2 ! " # $ % & '' = â G bÏ Îī 1 cos Simple Harmonic Motion d2 x dt2 + k m x = 0 d2 x dt2 + b m dx dt + k m x = 0 d2 x dt2 + b m dx dt + k m x = Fm m cos 00 t x(t) = xme bt/2m cos(âĨâĨ t + ) = k m b2 4m2 Etotal = 1 2 kA2 1 2 kx2 me bt/m Key Success RESONANCE âĒ āđāļïāļēāđāļāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ diff. eq. āļāļāļ Harmonic motion āļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāļïāļēāļāđ āđāļĢāļīāđāļĄāļïāļ§āļĒ āļĢāļ°āļāļāļŠāļāļĢāļīāļ-āļĄāļ§āļĨ âĒ āđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ simple pendulum āđāļĨāļ° physical pendulum âĒ āđāļïāļēāđāļ simple harmonic motion, damped harmonic motion, and forced harmonic motion. âĒ āļāļāļĨāļāļ âsimple pendulumâ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļïāļēāđāļ the approximation behind āđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ âsimple pendulumâ āđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļïāļēāđāļ natural frequency. m āļĄāļļāļĄ P!h!!!"! c!ÃŪ! Ph!" ÃŪc # $!!"#$$% Ph!" ÃŪc # $!!"#$$%
- 7. commons.wikimedia.org Frequency)of)sound)produced)by)membrane)instruments) + - + + +- - + +- -+ + + + + - - - - - f1 f2 = 1.59f1 f3 = 2.13f1 f4 = 2.30f1 f5 = 2.65f1 f6 = 2.92f1 Modes)of)drum)(standing)waves)) Node)line) +)and)=)stand)for)membrane)displacement)(concave)up)or)down)) Wk 10 (3hr): The Sound of Musics ..... mechanical waves (string and musics) Wave on a string Sound Wave Interference Fourier Making Waves (optional) Important parameters of musical instruments are sound quality, which depends on human perception and frequency mixing of the sound Key Concepts PhETsimulator:Applets types of waves: mechanical vs. electromagnetic, longitudinal vs transverse. Waves property: Superposition principles leading to simple calculation of interference and standing waves. Standing waves are description of ïŽxed positions. Wk 11 (3hr): Musical Instrument project: Do-it-yourself (DIY) Wk 12 (3hr): Musics performance.The presentation of studentsâ instrument project. āļāļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļ āļāļąāļāļïāļāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĩāļïāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĩāļāļĩāđāđāļïāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļïāļĄāļŠāļĢïāļēāļāļāļķāđāļāļĄāļē āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĩāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē Guest speakers.. āļāļąāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĩ / āļ.āļŠāļļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĐï (GEN241 āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļēāļĄāđāļŦïāļāļāļĩāļ§āļīāļ)? Revisit the âresonanceâ âĒ āđāļĒāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļāļïāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§ïāļēāļ sound intensity, sound level, sound quality, ear response. âĒ āđāļĒāļāđāļĒāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļāļïāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§ïāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāļāļĢāļĩ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļāļïāļēāļāđ āđāļïāļ oscillating strings, membranes, wooden block, air column (close vs open ends)
- 8. Wk 13-14 (6 hr): Thermal Comfort (heat + energy + kinetic theory of gas + laws of thermodynamics) Heat transfer mechanism Key Concepts Gas Properties PV-Diagram: state / process / work the heat and energy concepts Thermal Comfort (Y.A. Cengel, Heat and Mass Transfer:A Practical Approach, 3rd Ed., 2006, pp. 40-45) Heat and other forms of energy 1st law of thermodynamics - speciïŽc heat of gases, liquids and solids - PV=nRT - energy transfer - âE = Ein - Eout - rate forms: d/dt - âU = âQ + W - Heat balances Heat transfer mechanism - conduction: - dQ/dt = -kA*dT/dx - atomic motion in gas liquid and solid - thermal expansion - convection - dQ/dt = hAs(Ts-TÅ) - radiation - dQ/dt = c(Ts 4-Tsur 4) Heat loss from a person Introduction to engine mechanism (reading assignment, going to second laws of thermodynamics) - âstateâ vs âprocessâ - Work is area under the curve - Examples of different types of processes (adiabatic, isotherm, isobaric) (optional:iftimeâsallowed) Thermal expansion keywords:ASHRAE 55-2010 in-class activities (wk 2) water rise the 0th and 1st laws of thermodynamics state of matters and the phase diagram the PV digram introduction to the heat engine plotting the PV diagram of the ideal gas law. conduction / convection / radiation Wk 15 (3hr): KMUTT Ethanol Bus .... the implication of 2nd Law of Thermodynamics 1. Relevant parameters: -Internal Energy -Enthalpy -Entropy Key Concepts 2. Heat Engine âĒConcept of a heat engine âĒMapping onto a PV Diagram âĒCalculate engine efïŽciency âĒDiesel vs gasoline engines Activities Equipment: (1) a clip video of Aj.Yossapong âHow efïŽcient is an ethanol busâ Goal: compare the efïŽcient of ethanol engine used in a bus. gasoline diesel CERL: āļ.āļĒāļĻāļāļāļĐï?