The document discusses the philosophy of education in the Philippines from the pre-Spanish period to present. It covers the major eras and highlights that education progressed from being informal to becoming universal and free for all. Key developments include the Spanish establishing religion-oriented schools for elites, Americans introducing education by English teachers to orient towards democracy, and the 1987 Constitution mandating quality education for all as a basic right.

1. THE PHILOSOPHY
OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATION
 “No one can step twice in
the same river, for fresh
waters are ever flowing in
upon him”
- Heraclitus

2. R writing
ithmetic
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Education was informal, unstructured, and
devoid of methods.
Children were provided more vocational
training and less academics (3Rs) by their
parents and in the houses of tribal tutors.
eading

3.  The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries.
 Education:



religion-oriented.
for the elite.
provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for
boys and girls in each town under the responsibility of the
municipal government. (Educational Decree 1863)



Establishment of normal school for male teachers under the
supervision on the Jesuits.
Primary instruction was free and the teaching of Spanish
was compulsory.
Education during that period was inadequate, suppressed
and controlled.
SPANISH ERA

4.  Education should be universal and free
all regardless of sex, age, religion, and
socio-economic status of the individual.
 The means of giving people an
orientation towards a democratic way
of life.
 Carried out by the civilian teachers of
English called “Thomasites.”
AMERICAN ERA

5. 

Education was at its nadir, and was used
as an instrument for indoctrinating the
people to embrace Japanese Ideologies.
Educational system under the Japanese
military government were articulated in
Executive Order No. 2 issued on Feb. 17,
1942, by the Commander-in-Chief of the
Japanese ImperialArmy.
JAPANESE OCCUPATION

6. 

The educational philosophy was in accordance with
the provisions of Article XIV Section 5 of the 1935
Constitution which provides that:
All educational institutions shall be under the supervision
and subject to the regulation by the State. The government
shall establish and maintain a complete and adequate
system of public education, and shall provide at least free
primary instruction and citizenship training to adult citizens.
All schools shall aim moral character, and vocational
efficiency and to reach the duties of citizenship. Optional
religious instruction shall be maintained by law. Universities
established by the State shall enjoy academic freedom. The
state shall create scholarship in arts, sciences, and letters
for especially gifted citizens.
PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

7. PROCLAMATION OF MARTIAL LAW
 As far as education concerned, the Marcos
Constitution of 1973, Article XV Sec. 8 states that:
 All educational institutions shall be under the
supervision and subject to the regulation by the State.
The State shall establish and maintain a complete,
adequate and integrated system of education relevant to
the goals of national development, All institutions shall
aim to inculcate love for country, teach the duties of
citizenship, and develop moral character, personal
discipline and scientific and technological and
vocational efficiency. The State shall maintain a system
of free public elementary education and in areas where
finances permit, establish and maintain at least up to
the secondary level. The state shall provide citizenship
and vocational training to adult citizens and out-of-
school youth, and create and maintain scholarships for
poor and deserving students.

8. EDUCATION ACT OF1982
 This was an act that provided for the establishment and
maintenance of an integrated system of education.
CHAPTER 2 Rights
Sec. 8. Rights of Parents
Sec. 9. Right of Students in School.
Sec. 10. Rights of all School Personnel.

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
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of Teaching or Academic Staff
Sec. 12. Special Rights of School
Administration.
Sec. 13. Rights of Schools.


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Sec. 11. Special Rights and/or Privileges 


CHAPTER 3 Duties and Obligations
Sec. 14. Duties of Parents.
Sec. 15. Duties and Responsibilities of
Students.
Sec. 16. Teacher's Obligations.
Sec. 17. School Administrators'
Obligations.
Sec. 18. Obligations of Academic Non-
Teaching Personnel.
Sec. 2, This act shall apply to and govern both formal and non-formal system in
public and private schools in all levels of the entire educational system.
Sec. 3. Declaration of Basic Policy.

9. MAINTENANCE OF QUALITY EDUCATION
 Voluntarily accreditation refers to the recognition of an educational program or,

where applicable, of an educational institution as processing certain standards
of quality or excellence.
Programs or institutions desiring to be accredited generally have to pass
through these stages:



Applicant status – a stage where an institution is officially listed by the
accrediting agency as an applicant institution for a maximum period of
three years.
Candidate status – the period where an institution has already completed
its preliminary survey and starts preparing for formal survey. This usually
lasts until the institutional is granted accreditation status which takes place
between one or two years.
Member institution – this distinction is granted to an institution who
satisfies all the requirements for accreditation. This initial accreditation
status lasts for three years.
 The Education Act of 1982 has provided measures to maintain
quality education. One of them is voluntarily accreditation.

10. 
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PAASCU - Philippine Accrediting Association of
Schools, College and Universities
ACSC-AA - Association of Christian Schools
and Colleges – AccreditingAssociation
PACU-COA - Philippine Association of College
and Universities-Commission onAccreditation.
These existing accrediting agencies comprise the
Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the
Philippines (FAAP),
Several Accrediting Agencies

11. 

“EDSA People Power Revolution” on February 22-23, 1986
1987 Constitution which provided the present philosophy of education in the Philip
stated in Article XIV, Sec. 3 (2) thus:
 All educational institution shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love
humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in
historical development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship,
strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character, and personal d
encourage critical and creative thinking broaden scientific and technological kn
and provide vocational efficiency.
AQUINO ADMINISTRATION

12. THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES
 The 1987 Constitution provides in
Article XIV, Section 1 that the State
shall protect and promote the right of
all citizens to quality education at all
levels and shall take appropriate steps
to make such education accessible to
all.

13. ARTICLE XIV (1987 CONSTITUTION)
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,ARTS,
CULTURE AND SPORTS
Sec. 2 (1) System of education
relevant to society.
Sec. 2 (2) Free public education
Sec. 2 (3) Scholarship program
Sec. 2 (4) Non-formal, informal, and
indigenous learning
Sec. 2 (5) Special education and
adult education
Sec. 3 (1) Optional religious
instruction.
Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of
all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.
Sec. 4 (1) State power over
educational institutions.
Sec. 4 (2) Ownership and
administration of schools
Sec. 4 (3) Tax exemptions
Sec. 5 (1) Regional and sectoral needs
Sec. 5 (2) Academic freedom
Sec. 5 (2) Right of every citizen to
select a profession.
Sec. 5 (2) Right of teachers to
professional growth.

14. EDUCATION FOR ALL(EFA)


President Aquino has declared the period of 1990
– 1999 as the “Decade of Education forAll”
Education for All encompasses four major
programs

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 Institutionalization of Early Childhood Care and
Development (ECCD)
Universalization of Quality Primary Education (UQPE)
Eradication of Illiteracy
Continuing Education and Development

15. EDITORIAL
(TEMPO, April 26, 2010 issue)

16.  The Philippines has been making sustained
progress in education in the last few years.
After a temporary decline, the Philippines

has posted modest but consistent gains since 2006.
To increase enrolment and retention in school the educat
department has also strictly implemented the “no collect
and “no mandatory uniform policy”

17.  Some of the measures taken to address drop-outs

 1. Project Reach which enlists the help of local
government units in finding the school children, reaching
out to them, and keeping them in school.
2. Other schemes which provide learners with an array of
alternative delivery modes of learning for them to
complete elementary and high school are:


 Drop-Out Reduction Program (DORP)
MISOSA or Modified In-School and
Off-School Approach and IMPACT or Instructional Management
by Parents Community and Teachers.


Another intervention that has improved school retention
is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) as
centerpiece of the government’s poverty reduction
measure.
Other programs currently being implemented by the
government under its poverty reduction thrusts which
have direct impact on health and education are the Food
for School and Essential Health Care Package which
was recently recognized internationally.

18.  Due to the sustained implementation of education reforms, the

Philippines is steadily moving towards the Education for All (EFA) goal
by 2015, the deadline set by the United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The Six EFA goals which Philippines has committed itself include:
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 expanding early childhood care and education;
providing free and compulsory education for all;
providing learning and life skill to young people and
adults;
increasing adult literacy by 50 percent;
achieving gender equality by 2015; and
improving the quality of education.
EDITORIAL
(TEMPO, April 26, 2010 issue)
MEETING THE GOALS OF EDUCATION FORALL

19. THE RAMOS ADMINISTRATION
ONWARDS TO PHILIPPINES 2000
 President Ramos stressed that the delivery of quality education
to all the people as mandated by the Constitution is the chief
means to empower the masses. In another state of the nation
address the President emphasized his educational platform,
summarized in these statements:
 “If we are to develop, we must invest in our people . . . The most
profitable human investment is in basic education . . . We have to
learn to talk of growth not in terms of statistics, but in terms of
people . . . And invest in people, for it will take 110 years to
eradicate illiteracy, according to the findings of the department
of education, if government does it alone.”

20. THANK YOU…..
“Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no
one thinks of changing himself.”
― Leo Tolstoy