This document discusses six educational philosophers - John Locke, Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, George Counts, Theodore Brameld, and Paulo Freire. It provides a brief overview of each philosopher's key ideas, including John Locke's emphasis on learning from experience, Herbert Spencer's utilitarian view, John Dewey's perspective on learning through experience, George Counts' view of schools as agents of change, Theodore Brameld's social reconstructionism, and Paulo Freire's concept of critical pedagogy.

1. CHAPTER 1
DISCUSSANTS

2. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
• Philosophy
- is the study of existence,knowledge,values,reason,
mind and language.
Do you have your own philosophy in life?
How does it affects your life?

3. Learning Outcomes :
•At the end of this chapter,you
should be able to discuss
atleast six Philosophical
Thoughts.

4. Disscussion:
Who are the Six(6) Philosophers?
Thoughts of education philosophers
on what should be taught and how
learners should be taught.

5. John Locke Herbert Spencer John Dewey

6. George Counts Theodore Brameld Paulo Freire

7. A. John Locke (1632-1704):The Empiricist
Educator
Why He Is called as The Empiricist
Educator?
-the idea that all learning comes
from only experience and
observation.

8. • Learning by doing
• The Inductive Method
• Political Order
• Civic Education is necessary

9.  It is learners interacting
with substantial experience,
comparing and reflecting on
the same concrete experience
comparing.

10.  From the social dimension,
education sees citizens
participate actively and
intelligently in establishing
their government.

11. B. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): Utilitarian
Education
He believed that people in an
industrialized society needed a
utilitarian education in order to learn
useful scientific skills and subjects.

12. Spencer's Survival of the Fittest
He who is fittest survives
Individual competition leads to
social progress.
Why is Spencer’s theory called
“Social Darwinism”?

13. Specialized Education of Spencer vs.
General Education
To survive a complex society.
Spencer favors specialized
education over general education.

14. C. John Dewey (1859-1952): Learning through
Experience
•Why do you think learning through
experience of John Dewey applies on
education as a philosophical
thoughts?

15. • It means that the ideal learner for
Dewey is not just one who can learn
by doing, e.g., experiment, but one
who can connect accumulated wisdom of
the past to the present.
•Schools are For the People and By the
People

16. D. George Counts (1889.1974): Building a New
Social Order
•Schools and Teachers as Agents of
Change.
•Education is not based on eternal
truths but is relative to a
particular society living at a given
time and place.

17. Lag Between Material Progress and Ethical Values
• The material progress of humankind
is very evident, but moral and
ethical development seems to have
lagged.
•With science and technology, we have
become very powerful and yet
powerless

18. E. Theodore Brameld (1904-1987) • Social
Reconstructionism
•What is Social Reconstructionism?
•How does it affects the philosophical
thoughts of education?

19. •Social reconstructionists
critically examine present culture
and resolve inconsistencies,
controversies and conflicts to
build a new society, not just
change society.

20. F. Paulo Freire (1921-1997) • Critical Pedagogy
• Critical pedagogy –is about
teaching students to think
critically and question the
information they are given.

21. • Employ critical pedagogy
and dialogue in contrast to
the banking system of
education.
• Learners are not empty
receptacles to be filled.

22. • Summary
• John Locke:The Empiricist Educator
• Herbert Spencer:Utilitarian Education
• John Dewey:Learning through experience
• George Counts:Building a New Social Order
• Theodore Brameld:Social Reconstructionism
• Paulo Freire:Critical Pedagogy