2. Collectivism
The subjugation of the individual to a
group – whether to a race, class, or state
does not matter
Subjugation – to bring under control and
govern as a subject; to conquer
Man must be chained to a collective
action and thought for the sake of ‘the
common good’
What is “the common good”?
3. Individualism
Regards man – every man – as an
independent, sovereign entity
Entity – someone or something
Sovereign – supreme, independent
authority over a region or state
4. Individualism
Who possesses inalienable right to
his own life, a right derived from his
nature as a rational being.
Inalienable Right – a right that cannot
be taken away, denied or transferred
Rational Being – a person that thinks
sensibly or logically
5. Individualism
Holds that a civilized society… can be achieved
only on the basis of the recognition of
individual rights
What do we consider a civilized society to be?
That a group, as such, has no rights other than
the individual rights of its members
What if what is best for the group is not what is
best for an individual that belongs to that group?
6. Altruism
Man has no right to exist for his own sake
Service to others is the only justification of
his existence
Self-sacrifice is his highest moral duty,
virtue, and value…
Moral duty
Virtue
Value
7. Altruism
The selfless as a standard of the good
Selfless
Lacks individuality
No personality
The inability to have feelings
Why would this be considered good in a
utopian or dystopian society?
8. Altruism
Self
Able to create independent thoughts and
ideas
Able to have relationships and feelings
Individual personality that does not
conform to society’s rules
Why would this be considered evil in a
utopian or dystopian society?
9. Egoism
Each man’s primary moral obligation
is to achieve his own welfare, well-
being or self-interest…
Primary Moral Obligation
Welfare, well-being, self-interest
10. Egoism
He should be ‘selfish’ in the sense of
being the beneficiary of his own
moral actions
Beneficiary – a person who derives
advantage from something
11. Conformity
The act or habit of bringing (oneself) into
harmony or agreement with others
Do you conform to everyone else?
Do you dress exactly like everyone else?
Do you talk exactly like everyone else?
Do you follow all the rules given to you?
12. Conformity
Adhering to conventional behavior
Adhering – to believe in and follow the
practices of a religion or society
Conventional Behavior:
Saying “Excuse me.” to get through a crowd
“Please” and “thank you”
Other examples?
13. Obedience
Complying with a command
Complying – a person or group that
follows a wish or a command of their
leader
Yielding to those in authority
Yielding – to give away under pressure
14. Independence
One’s acceptance of the responsibility of
forming one’s own judgment and of living
by the work of one’s own mind
“Forming one’s own judgment”
“Living by the work of one’s own mind”
