The document provides an overview of Philippine politics and governance, covering fundamental concepts, the evolution of political ideologies, and the distinctions between politics and governance. It emphasizes the importance of understanding political dynamics for personal empowerment, civic responsibility, and societal engagement. Additionally, it highlights various branches of political science, including comparative politics and international relations, while stressing the necessity of a well-informed citizenry.

1. PHILIPPINE POLITICS
&
GOVERNANCE
PREPARED BY: REBECCA RABE-GALANO

2. UNIT I: BASIC CONCEPTS OF
POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
• Lesson 1: Politics Governance, and Other Key
Concepts
• Lesson 2: Classical to Modern Political Ideologies
• Lesson 3: Nature, Forms, and Consequence
• Lesson 4: State and Nation in the Age of Globalization
• Lesson 5: Forms of Government
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3. Lesson 1: Politics, Governance,
and other Key Concepts
Lesson Objectives:
1. Define politics, governance, and other key concepts of
political science;
2. Explain the connection between the phenomenon (
politics) and the method of inquiry ( political science);
3. Differentiate governance and politics; and
4. Explain the value of politics
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6. What is Political Science?
Deals with the study of power in society, politics
and governance.
Dynamic character of human society and
differences in context of different states
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Different views, theories, and
definitions on the concepts of politics
and governance

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1. Politics Helps You to Know Your Rights
The course has allowed us to see beyond our initial belief that we
have no real say in the running of our country. It has truly educated
us on a fundamental part of our society and has helped us to
understand that if we engage in political processes, using the
pressure points built into the system, then every individual really
does have the opportunity to change the world.

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2. Politics Clarifies What You Yourself Believe
Studying the things we have studied has given us the opportunity to
discover our own political beliefs and to see in much greater detail
the benefits and disadvantages of the vast array of political
ideologies that are present in the world today. Being able to express
what you believe accurately and concisely is extremely useful, and
forces you to really look at yourself!

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3. Politics is a Living, Breathing Subject
In Politics, textbooks go out of date the day they are published.
Why? Because the political landscape changes every day, with new
examples appearing constantly in the media. Picking which
examples to use in your answers to essay questions is really exciting
as something that has happened on the day you are taking your A
Level exams can appear in your response!

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4. Politics Helps You to Understand Our Nation's
Parties
After just one term of the subject we have learnt about democracy
and our rights, ideologies and party policies, the Constitution and
Parliament. With the knowledge gained from the classroom, we
have been able to watch events unfold worldwide, have seen our
leaders' reactions to these events and have come to understand
these reactions as demonstrations of what we have learned.

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5. Politics Prepares You for Adult Life
In the Philippine politics SK trains the young people to practice and
exercise their suffrage. At the age of 18 with the vote giving us the
ability to change our nation and allow the principles we hold dear to
thrive. With this in mind, it could easily be said that Government
and Politics is the most applicable subject on offer at any school,
and is a subject that people should be encouraged to take due to
nothing less than the way it prepares you for entering the adult
world.

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POLITICS
-formulated by the Greeks during the 4th and
5th century.
-it was inseparable from life in the Polis
Polis- a place or state shared by a certain
group of people.

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Plato and Aristotle says:
….Humans are not self-sufficing so they find
the need to come together as a community.
POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
To maintain order

14. Your Date Here
Your Footer Here 14
Social Contract Theorists says:
( Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke)
-during the 17th and 18th century
-stressed the hypothetical state of nature that was devoid
of any kind of government.
-this state is chaotic and violent
-it leads people to enter into SOCIAL CONTRACT
Social Contract- is a written or unwritten agreement that
bids for the creation of a government and the consequent
use of politics for the achievement of peace and order.

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BASIS FOR COMPARISON POLITICAL SCIENCE POLITICS
Meaning Political Science refers to the
branch of knowledge that
studies all the aspects of
state and power.
Politics implies an activity
related to state and power.
What is it? It is a part of social science. It is a social activity.
Deals with Both empirical facts and
normative issues.
Problems of the citizens by
interacting them politically.
Actors Political scientist, scholars
and academics.
Politicians, lobbyist and
administrators.
Objective To understand different
political patterns and to
provide such a framework
which expresses reality.
To initiate public welfare and
improve their conditions by
implementing constructive
policies.

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Political Science
Niccolo Machiavelli- Father of Modern Political Science
- The Prince and Discourses- his book discussing on maintaining power.
Plato and Aristotle- provided the central concepts of politics
Like:
 Justice- what and who is morally and politically right
 Power- source of authority
 The right type of constitutions and government
 Different types of governments and states
 Political Structure- Different Ideologies in a state
 Right and virtuous leadership-Who should lead in a certain political system.

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Political Science
Key Fields in Politics:
Power Relations in the society
Political Behavior
20th century cultural evolution…
Political Culture – 20th
Civil Society’s role in government

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Politics vs Governance
POLITICS GOVERNANCE
DEALS WITH POWER IN THE SOCIETY DEALS WITH POWER IN GOVERNMENT
HOW GOVERNMENT EXERTS POWER FOR
THE BENEFIT OF THE SOCIETY
Political Science
Politics
Governance
Political Theory
Political Methodology
Comparative Politics
International Relations
Law

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Political Theory
Political theory is the study of political ideas and values like justice, power and
democracy that we use to describe, understand and assess political practices and
institutions.
Political Methodology is more concerned upon the application of political concepts into
research and policy making almost similar to the applied nature of public
administration.

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Political Theory and Political Methodology
Political theory is the study of political ideas and values like justice, power and
democracy that we use to describe, understand and assess political practices and
institutions.
Political Methodology is more concerned upon the application of political concepts into
research and policy making almost similar to the applied nature of public
administration.

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Law
Basically any written statement that limits or guides the
behavior of a certain group.
Politics highlight the role of law in organizing and
stabilizing individual interest to prevent the overlapping
individual needs and promote collective gains in society.

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Comparative and International Relations
COMPARATIVE POLITICS
Comparative Politics studies the effects of political culture, institutions and individual
decision-making in different political systems around the world. This field also examines how
political processes and structures vary across counties and the historical development of
these political processes and structures.
Comparative Politics analyses the political behavior and preferences of both political leaders
and ordinary citizens. Major themes include the study of war and peace, democracy,
dictatorship, regime change and economic development.
Although a separate subfield from International Relations, Comparative Politics often touches
on both the domestic origins of foreign policy and the impact of the international system on
domestic political behaviors and outcomes.

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Comparative and International Relations
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The study of International Relations analyzes how states in the international system
relate to one another. What explains international conflict or cooperation? Why do
states choose a particular course of foreign policy? Why do they join international
organizations? How do international organizations work?
While a separate subfield of Political Science, International Relations builds on insights
from Comparative Politics to make larger claims about global politics and the world in
which we live.

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Conclusion
A good citizen must have good knowledge about politics
and governance.
Ignorance of the law excuses no one!

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Activities
Answer the following:
1. Analysis Guide @ piece of paper staple on page 7.
2. Skills workout
3. Knowledge Checker
4. Beyond the Wall- for those who are absent on the
online class.
5. Personality Check
For Activity 2, 3, 4 and 5 –Write your answer in your
book.