Peru is a South American country with a diverse landscape and culture. It has a population of 30 million people and its capital and largest city is Lima, home to over 8 million residents. Peru has a variety of climates ranging from hot on the northern coast to cold in the Andes Mountains. It is known for landmarks like Lake Titicaca, the Amazon jungle, and Machu Picchu, the lost city of the Incas. Peruvian culture has been influenced by indigenous civilizations and Spanish colonizers and is expressed through traditions, festivals, and food like potatoes, a crop first domesticated in Peru.