Direction and deep measurements

1. PeriScope 15
Directional and Deep Measurements
Optimize Well Placement and Enhance Production

2. Geographical Distribution of Well Placement
Market

3. Overview
 Introduction to PeriScope Principle
 Applications of PeriScope 15
 PeriScope 15 (475 and 675) /Tool Physics
 Interpretation
 Examples

4. LWD Value
Rhob
& PE
PHI
Rt
Rxo
ISO
V
DECISIONS
Reserves
Production
Well Placement
Porosity, Saturation, Lithology,
Fluids
ARC
GVR
(RAB) ADN
LWD MEASUREMENT SUITE
EcoScope
Producibility &
Permeability

5.  Access more reserves
– Enables impossible wells
– Minimize attic oil
 Achieve higher
production rates
– Best part of the reservoir
 Reduce well construction cost
– Achieve production objectives
with less drilling
– Avoid sidetracks
PeriScope

6. Curtain Section
Courtesy of
Statoil
Veslefrikk Field
 Directional electromagnetic measurements
– Multi-spacing, multi-frequenc
– PeriScope 15 is the only LWD service
with 360° directional sensitivity and 15
ft boundary detection range
PeriScope 15
Boundary Orientation Viewer

7. PeriScope 15
 Designed for proactive well placement
– Directional: best steering direction
– Deep: early warning
 Real time interpretation & decisions
– Detect fluid contacts and geological boundaries
 Distance to resistivity boundary up to 15 ft
– One or two boundaries.
 Not a resistivity measurement.

8. Overview
 Introduction to PeriScope
 Applications of PeriScope 15
 PeriScope 15 (475 and 675) / Tool Physics
 Interpretation
 Examples

9. “Impossible” Problem
1 m
2 m
20 m
1 m
10-20ft
1000+ ft
Wellbore Position? ±10ft
Dip?
Depth? ±10s ft
Goal: No exit from a thin oil layer

10. Existing Method: Resistivity Correlation
1 m
2 m
20 m
1 m
10-20ft
1000+ ft
Res drops

11. Choice 1
10-20ft
1000+ ft
2 m
20 m
1 m

12. Choice 2
1 m
2 m
20 m
1 m
10-20ft
1000+ ft

13. Choice 3
2 m
20 m
1 m
10-20ft
1000+ ft
20 m 20 m 18 m 16 m

14. 1 m
10-20ft
Res drops
1000+ ft
2 m
20 m
1 m
Directional Measurement Required
Requirement - Directionality

15. Existing Method: Shallow Directional
Measurement
1 m
2 m
20 m
1 m
10-20ft
1000+ ft
Result: Lost Production
Deep Measurement Required

16. What If We Could Map Boundaries?
1 m
2 m
20 m
1 m
10-20ft
1000+ ft
Directional + Deep = Proactive Decisions

17. Higher Production Rate
shale
water
other
PeriScope 15

18. Increased Recovery
shale
water
other
PeriScope 15

19. Less Water
shale
water
other
PeriScope 15

20. Overview
 Introduction to PeriScope Principle
 Applications of PeriScope 15
 PeriScope 15 (475 and 675) / Tool Physics
 Interpretation
 Examples

21. Distance to Boundary
15 ft
Propagation Resistivity
4 ft
Seismic
10’s of ft
Images
PeriScope -Game Changing Remote Boundary
Detection

22. PeriScope 15
What PeriScope does NOT do:
• No resistivity images
• No directional measurements while sliding

23. PeriScope 15 , 475 Tool Configuration
• 2 tilted receivers (45°)
– R4 azimuth 90°
• Transverse transmitter (T6)
– T6 azimuth 45°
• Directional measurements
– 100 kHz, 400 kHz and 2
MHz
– 22”, 34”, 84” and 96”
– Azimuth system
• Transverse antenna
measurements
– 100 kHz and 400 kHz
84 in
96 in
74” 44”
R3 T5 T3 T1 R1R2 T2 T4 R4
T6
96”
84”
34”
96”
84”
34”
• PeriScope 15 475 includes ARC
– 16”, 22”, 28”, 34”, 40”
– Phase and Attenutation
– 400 kHz and 2 MHz

24. PeriScope 15 , 675 Tool Configuration
• Now identical to PeriScope 475
• Initial Pilot Series did not have the two central receivers
• Requires an additional “local” resistivity measurement.
• Z-Measurement (T1-T3)
T
5
T
3
T
1
T
2
T
4
T
6
R
3
R
4
96”
84”
34”
44”
74”

25. PeriScope 15, Deliverables (475 and 675)
• Distance to Boundary using R3 and R4
• Vertical Well Anisotropy Measurements Using T6
• RT d-points
– Directional Att, PS, (e.g. SAD4, SPD4, SAS1, etc.)
– Azimuthally averaged Att, PS resistivities
– Boundary orientation, DANG
96”
84”
34”
44”
74”
T
5
T
3
T
1
T
2
T
4
T
6
R
3
R
4

26. PeriScope 100 - Even Deeper!
T T R
 Near Wellbore Imagers
– High resolution, close-to-
bit
– Follow local structure,
faults
– GVR, ADN  EcoScope
 PeriScope 15
– Boundaries up to 15ft away
– Geological or fluid contact
 Ultra Deep Resistivity (PeriScope
100)
– Distant interfaces, up to 100+ ft
– OWC, “Reservoir steering”, landing
 seismicVISION
– Deep look ahead, 100s – 1000s of ft
– Landing
PeriScope 15
UDR

27. Tool Response: Conventional Resistivity
2 m
20 m
1 m
0.2 m
2 m
20 m
200 m
2000 m
A40H
P40H

28. Tool Response: Directional Measurement
2 m
20 m
1 m
0 dB
-20 dB
+20 dB

29. Comparison: PeriScope 15 vs. Propagation
Resistivity
0 dB
-20 dB
+20 dB
0.2 m
2 m
20 m
200 m
2000 m
A40H
P40H
2 m 20 m 1 m

30. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m
Directional Response

31. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m

32. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m

33. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m

34. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m

35. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m

36. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m

37. Directional Acquisition
Tool rotation
angle
Amplitude
or Phase
0 90 180 270 360
1 m
10 m

38. Directional Acquisition
1 m
10 m
Tool rotation
angle
DAtt
DPS
0 90 180 270 360

39. Directional Acquisition
 Boundary Orientation 1 m
10 m
Tool rotation
angle
0 90 180 270 360
60°
60°

40. Comparison: PeriScope 15 vs. Propagation
Resistivity
0 dB
-20 dB
+20 dB
0.2 m
2 m
20 m
200 m
2000 m
A40H
P40H
2 m 20 m 1 m

41. Distance to Boundary Summary
• The directional measurements are dependent on resistivity contrast
and Distance to Boundary (DTB).
• Multi-Depth of Investigation measurements are used to solve for
formation parameters through inversion.
• RT orientation to boundary is available
– Angle encoded with 8 bits
– Accuracy ~2.5°
0
90
270
180

42. Overview
 Applications of PeriScope 15
 Tool Physics
 Interpretation
 Examples

43. Answer Product: RT Inversion
 Typical inputs: 2 Res + 4 Dir Att + 4 Dir PS
 Simultaneously solve multiple models
– Algorithm selects best fit model
– Complex models are penalized
Ru
Rt
hu
Ru
Rh, Rv
hu
Ru
Rh, Rv
Rd
hu
hd
Examples of possible formation models

44. Answer Product: RT Inversion
 Point-by-point inversion using multi-DoI directional Att
& PS
 Overcome correlation geosteering limitations
– Solves resistivities even if varying laterally
– Solves for resistivity anisotropy
– Apparent dip is not a required input
Ru
Rh, Rv
Rd
hu
hd

45. Inversion Results: Geometry
Upper Boundary
Lower Boundary
2 m
20 m
1 m

46. Inversion Results: Resistivities

47. Decision Making Difference
+50°
2 m
DPS
ARC
200 m
20 m
-50°
0°
True horizontal length (ft)
True
vertical
length
(ft)
2800
9625
9605
9615
9610
9620
3200 3600 4000 4400

48. Challenging Environments
 Model-based inversion is only as good as the model
 Challenges: transition zone, numerous layers,
performance in conductive laminated shales, very high
resistivities
 Only a problem within ~15ft
Ru
Rh, Rv
Rd
hu
hd
1 m
10 m
0.8 m
3 ft
6.5 ft
Transition
6.5 m to
0.8 m

49. Challenging Environments
 Environments where all resistivities are high
– Recall signal levels sensitive to s1 – s2
– Measurements become “too deep”
1 m
20 m
10 m
hd
100 m
3 m
10 m
100 m
100 m
hd
1000 m
30 m
• Lower Boundary OK
• Upper boundary
challenging (influence of 1
m layer)
• All interpretation difficult

50. Boundary Detection & Range
 No simple answer to “How far can PeriScope 15 see?”
 All claims made to customers must be verified by
modeling
 Up to 15 ft is the global marketing message
– Proven example: Statoil Veslefrikk 17ft
 #1 challenge with PeriScope:
– Formation Complexity > Inversion Complexity.
– Must have clear resistivity contrast
– Conductivity seeking tool

51. 85
Challenging Environments
 Always tell the client modeling is the best way to
understand measurement performance in their particular
environment
 We are very good at predicting tool performance
PeriScope
Tool
Ramp
Resistivity
Profile
Increasing Resistivity
Increasing
Depth
Step approximation of the
ramp resistivity profile
Measurement Volume

52. 125
Overview
 Introduction to PeriScope Principle
 Applications of PeriScope 15
 PeriScope 15 (475 and 675) / Tool Physics
 Interpretation
 Operational Considerations

53. 126
Operational Details
 APWD
 150°C, 25kpsi
 RTC battery only
 MWD
– 4.75” PeriScope 15 runs with Impulse / ShortPulse
– 6.75” PeriScope 15 runs with PowerPulse / TeleScope
 Telemetry requirement: 70 bits in frame
– 3 DPS, 3 DAtt, 2 Res, 1 boundary orientation
– Answer products at client office or rig
 InterACT strongly recommended

54. 127
Real-Time Dpoints (1)
Resistivity measurements (same as ARC in PeriScope475)
16”, 22”, 28”, 34”, 40”
Symmetrized directional measurements
SAD1, SPD1 - deep directional attenuation and phase shift 100 kHz
SAD4, SPD4 - deep directional attenuation and phase shift 400 kHz
SAS4, SPS4 - shallow directional attenuation and phase shift 400 kHz
BH2M - very shallow directional measurement (for borehole correction)
DANG - boundary orientation from symmetrized directional measurements
Anti-symmetrized directional measurements
AAD1, APD1 - anti-symmetrized directional Att and PS 100 kHz
AAD4, APD4 - anti-symmetrized directional Att and PS 400 kHz

55. 128
Real-Time Dpoints (2)
Z-measurement with tilted receivers:
ZPS4, ZAD4 - Z-measurement Att and PS 400 kHz
Anisotropy measurements
ANA1, ANP1 - anisotropy Att and PS 100 kHz
ANA4, ANP4 - anisotropy Att and PS 400 kHz
AFRC - anisotropy/fracture orientation from T6 measurement
A2P4, A2A4 - medium second harmonic phase shift

56. 129
Recorded Mode Dpoints (1)
Resistivity measurements (PeriScope 475 only)
RP16H RA16H RP16L RA16L RP161 RA161
RP22H RA22H RP22L RA22L RP221 RA221
RP28H RA28H RP28L RA28L RP281 RA281
RP34H RA34H RP34L RA34L RP341 RA341
RP40H RA40H RP40L RA40L RP401 RA401
Symmetrized directional measurements
SAD1 SPD1 SAD4 SPD4 SAD2 SPD2 - deep Att and PS
SAM1 SPM1 SAM4 SPM4 SAM2 SPM2 - medium Att and PS
SAS1 SPS1 SAS4 SPS4 SAS2 SPS2 - shallow Att and PS
SAB1 SPB1 SAB4 SPB4 SAB2 SPB2 - borehole Att and PS
Boundary orientation from directional measurements
AGDD AGDM - angle (AG) directional (D), deep (D) or medium (M)

57. 130
Recorded Mode Dpoints (2)
Anti-symmetrized directional measurements
AAD1 APD1 AAD4 APD4 AAD2 APD2 - deep Att and PS
AAM1 APM1 AAM4 APM4 AAM2 APM2 - medium Att and PS
AAS1 APS1 AAS4 APS4 AAS2 APS2 - shallow Att and PS
AAB1 APB1 AAB4 APB4 AAB2 APB2 - borehole Att and PS
Z-measurement with tilted receivers:
ZAD1 ZPS1 ZAD4 ZPS4 ZAD2 ZPS2
Anisotropy measurements
ANA1 ANP1 ANA4 ANP4 - anisotropy 0th harmonic Att and PS

58. PeriScope 15 Applications
One Boundary
Maintain Distance to Reservoir
Roof
Maintain Distance to OWC
Maintain Distance to Reservoir Bottom Find Boundaries after (Subseismic)
Fault
Pay Zone
Cap rock Pay Zone
Water Zone
Pay Zone
Bottom Shale
Zone1
Zone2
Fault

59. PeriScope 15 Applications
Multiple Boundaries
Position within Thin Target Identify and Navigate
Pinchout
Avoid or Escape Shale Lenses
Cap rock
Reservoir
Shale or Water Zone
Top Reservoir
Bottom Reservoir
Pay Zone
Pinch Out
Pay Zone
Shale
Shale

60. PeriScope 15 Applications
Complex 3-D Geometries
Steer Close to a Ridge Top Navigate a Channel Sand
(Tunnel)
Steer Along Unconformity Surface
Pay Trajectory
Zone1
Zone2
Water
Chann
el
(Looking towards
bit)
Layered zones at a dip
Unconformity boundary

61. 139
Drilling with the Lights ON
Thank you