Periodontal Epidemiology.pptx

EPIDEMIOLOGY
DR. SYED WALI PEERAN

Epidemiology is the study of
the distribution and determinants of health-related
states or events in specified populations, and
the application of this study to the control of health
problems.
Last JM, editor. Dictionary of epidemiology. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001. p. 61.

Amin E. Hatem (2012). Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease, Periodontal Diseases - A Clinician's Guide, Dr. Jane Manakil (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-818-2,
InTech, Available from:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/periodontal-diseases-a-clinician-s-guide/epidemiology-and-risk-factors-of- periodontal-disease
Epidemiology is the study of health and disease in populations and
the effect of various biologic, demographic, environmental and
lifestyles on these states. The essential features of epidemiology as a
method of research, when compared to clinical research and case
studies, are that 1) groups rather than individuals are the focus of
study and 2) persons with and without a particular disease (e.g.,
periodontal diseases), and with and without the exposure of interest
are included, rather than just patients.

The 5W’s of epidemiology
Causes, risk factors, and modes of
transmission.
05
Why/How:
04
03
When: Time
Where: Place
Who: Person (–
Population)
02
What: Diagnosis or health
event.
01
https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/s
s1978/lesson1/section1.html

PERIODONTAL
EPIDEMIOLOGY

Epidemiological data on periodontal
health/disease
Leroy R, Eaton KA, Savage A. Methodological issues in epidemiological studies of periodontitis--how can it be improved? BMC Oral Health. 2010; 21; 10:8.

Indices Used for
Periodontal Disease
Assessments

Indices Used for Periodontal Disease
Assessments

Bleeding Points Index
The bleeding points index provides an evaluation of gingival inflammation around each tooth. Retract
the cheek and place the periodontal probe 1 mm into the sulcus or pocket at the distal aspect of the
most posterior tooth in the quadrant on the buccal surface. Carry the probe lightly across the length
of the sulcus to the mesial interproximal area on the facial aspect. Continue along all the teeth in the
quadrant from the facial aspect. Wait 30 seconds, and record the presence of bleeding on the distal,
facial, and mesial surfaces on the chart. Repeat on the lingual-palatal aspect, and record bleeding
only for the direct lingual surface, not for the mesial or distal surfaces. This results in four separate
scores for each tooth and does not score the mesial and distal surfaces twice. Repeat the steps for
each quadrant. The percentage of the number of bleeding surfaces is calculated by dividing the
number of surfaces that bled by the total number of tooth surfaces (four per tooth) and multiplying
by 100 to obtain a percentage. This index is designed to demonstrate gingival inflammation
characterized by bleeding rather than the presence of microbial plaque biofilm. Again, a goal of 10%
or fewer bleeding points is good, but 0 is ideal. If a few bleeding points repeatedly occur in the same
areas, cleaning procedures for those areas should be reinforced or modified because usually a
residual piece of subgingival calculus that was not noted during therapy is the cause of the localized
gingival bleeding.
Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology 13th edition P 2721

Lenox— Kopczyk: SCORING PATIENT'S ORAL HYGIENE PERFORMANCE : JADA, Vol. 86, April 1973

Aminoshariae A, Mackey SA, Palomo L, Kulild JC. Declassifying mobility classification. J Endod. 2020;46:1539–1544.

RISK FACTORS
Risk factors may be defined as distinctive
characteristics, or exposures, that increase the
probability of developing periodontitis, or lead to a
measurable change(loss) in the status of the
periodontal supporting tissues.

PERIODONTAL RISK GROUP
A periodontal risk group can be defined as a subgroup(of a
larger population) whose members, on average, have a
higher probability of developing periodontitis and/or loss
of periodontal support, within a given time period, than
the remaining population.

RISK FACTORS

RISK FACTORS FOR GINGIVITIS AND
PERIODONTITIS
PERIODONTAL REVIEW Q & A: TERMEIE - QUINTESSENCE Publishing - 2020

Risk indicator is a factor which may predict the progression of a disease, either spontaneous or under treatment.
(Papapanou 2005)
RISK INDICATOR

RISK INDICATORS FOR PERIODONTITIS
PERIODONTAL REVIEW Q & A: TERMEIE - QUINTESSENCE Publishing - 2020

RISK
PREDICTOR

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=felIAwyaGFM

INTERPRETATION OF RELATIVE RISK
A relative risk
of less than
1.0 indicates a
decreased
risk.
A relative risk
of 1.0 or
greater
indicates an
increased risk.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zPSD_e_N04
ODDS RATIO

TRUE AND SURROGATE MEASURES OF
THE PERIODONTAL CONDITION

adults age 15 years and older in 37 countries.

REFERENCES
Albandar JM: Global risk factors and risk indicators for periodontal diseases: Periodontology 2000: 29: 2002: 177-206
Amin E. Hatem (2012). Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease, Periodontal Diseases - A Clinician's Guide,
Dr. Jane Manakil (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-818-2, InTech, Available from:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/periodontal-diseases-a-clinician-s-guide/epidemiology-and-risk-factors-of-
periodontal-disease
Aminoshariae A, Mackey SA, Palomo L, Kulild JC. Declassifying mobility classification. J Endod. 2020;46:1539–1544.
Balaram, Galgali, Santosh: Periodontal Epidemiology: Eur Dent Res Biomater J 2020:1: 20-26
Burt& Eklund: Dentistry, Dental Practice and the Community 7th Ed
Carranza 13ediation 2018 Chapter 6. Pages 400-430
Eaton K & Owner P: Prcatical Periodontics. Elsevier
Elizabeth & Reidy. Epidemiology of Periodontal disease in: Weinberg, Theile, Forum & Segelnick Comprehensive
periodontics for the Dental hygienist: 2015
https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section1.html

REFERENCES
Last JM, editor. Dictionary of epidemiology. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001. p. 61
Lenox— Kopczyk: SCORING PATIENT'S ORAL HYGIENE PERFORMANCE : JADA, Vol. 86, April 1973
Leroy R, Eaton KA, Savage A. Methodological issues in epidemiological studies of periodontitis--how
can it be improved? BMC Oral Health. 2010; 21; 10:8.
Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology 13th edition P 2721
PERIODONTAL REVIEW Q & A: TERMEIE - QUINTESSENCE Publishing - 2020
Philstrom BL: Periodontal risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning: Periodontology 2000,
25: 2001: 37-58
Wolf HE& Hassel TM: Color Atlas of Dental Hygiene: Periodontology. Thieme Publication
Wolf HE, Edith M, Rateitschak KH & Hassell TM Color Atlas of Dental Medicine: Periodontolohy.
Thieme Publications.

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