This document discusses perinatal infections, providing details on several pathogens that can cause congenital infections including Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis). It describes the transmission, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of infections caused by each pathogen. Key points include that primary maternal infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella virus, or herpes is highest risk for fetal transmission and infection earlier in pregnancy leads to worse outcomes. Diagnosis involves pathogen detection and serologic testing, while treatment focuses on antimicrobials and supportive care of the newborn.
Perinatal infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not properly diagnosed and treated. Some important perinatal infections discussed in the document include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis. For each infection, the document outlines the causative agent, route of transmission, signs and symptoms in both the mother and infant, diagnostic testing, and treatment recommendations. Preventing transmission requires screening, counseling, and treatment as indicated for at-risk mothers and newborns.
Primary maternal syphilis infection can infect the fetus in utero. Without treatment, fetal infection risks include stillbirth, premature birth, low birthweight, and neonatal death. Fetal infection may also cause deformities of the nose, long bones, and teeth. Diagnosis involves maternal and fetal serology, with treatment of pregnant women and neonates with penicillin to prevent transmission and morbidity.
The TORCH complex is a set of perinatal infections that can be transmitted from mother to fetus, including toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, and herpes. These infections pose risks for severe fetal anomalies and can cause fetal death. Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite and transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or water. Rubella virus causes congenital defects especially if the mother is infected in the first trimester. CMV and herpes viruses are also transplacentally transmitted and can cause issues like hearing loss, jaundice, or brain damage in the fetus or newborn. Diagnosis involves tests on maternal, amniotic, and neonatal samples. Treatment focuses on supportive
The TORCH complex is a set of perinatal infections that can be transmitted from mother to fetus, including toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, and herpes. These infections pose risks for severe fetal anomalies and can cause fetal death. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and can be acquired through contaminated food, water, or soil. Rubella virus causes congenital rubella syndrome and poses greater risks the earlier in pregnancy the maternal infection occurs. CMV is the most common congenital viral infection and can cause hearing loss, seizures, or developmental delays in infants. Herpes infection during pregnancy risks transmission to the newborn, potentially causing skin lesions, eye damage
This document discusses various perinatal and congenital infections including TORCH infections. It provides details on the causative organisms, modes of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, herpes, HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus, syphilis, malaria, and parvovirus infections. Timely diagnosis and treatment of perinatally acquired infections is important. Prevention strategies include maternal screening, vaccination, treatment of infected mothers, and avoiding risk factors during pregnancy and delivery.
Torch infections in pregnancy presentationAashissh Shah
The document provides an overview of TORCH infections, which are a group of perinatal infections that can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. The TORCH acronym stands for Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella, parvovirus B19, listeriosis, coxsackie virus), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus. Each infection is described in terms of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Congenital infections can cause severe fetal anomalies or loss. Screening and treatment are important for preventing adverse effects in pregnancy.
Perinatal infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not properly diagnosed and treated. Some important perinatal infections discussed in the document include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis. For each infection, the document outlines the causative agent, route of transmission, signs and symptoms in both the mother and infant, diagnostic testing, and treatment recommendations. Preventing transmission requires screening, counseling, and treatment as indicated for at-risk mothers and newborns.
Primary maternal syphilis infection can infect the fetus in utero. Without treatment, fetal infection risks include stillbirth, premature birth, low birthweight, and neonatal death. Fetal infection may also cause deformities of the nose, long bones, and teeth. Diagnosis involves maternal and fetal serology, with treatment of pregnant women and neonates with penicillin to prevent transmission and morbidity.
The TORCH complex is a set of perinatal infections that can be transmitted from mother to fetus, including toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, and herpes. These infections pose risks for severe fetal anomalies and can cause fetal death. Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite and transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or water. Rubella virus causes congenital defects especially if the mother is infected in the first trimester. CMV and herpes viruses are also transplacentally transmitted and can cause issues like hearing loss, jaundice, or brain damage in the fetus or newborn. Diagnosis involves tests on maternal, amniotic, and neonatal samples. Treatment focuses on supportive
The TORCH complex is a set of perinatal infections that can be transmitted from mother to fetus, including toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, and herpes. These infections pose risks for severe fetal anomalies and can cause fetal death. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and can be acquired through contaminated food, water, or soil. Rubella virus causes congenital rubella syndrome and poses greater risks the earlier in pregnancy the maternal infection occurs. CMV is the most common congenital viral infection and can cause hearing loss, seizures, or developmental delays in infants. Herpes infection during pregnancy risks transmission to the newborn, potentially causing skin lesions, eye damage
This document discusses various perinatal and congenital infections including TORCH infections. It provides details on the causative organisms, modes of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, herpes, HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus, syphilis, malaria, and parvovirus infections. Timely diagnosis and treatment of perinatally acquired infections is important. Prevention strategies include maternal screening, vaccination, treatment of infected mothers, and avoiding risk factors during pregnancy and delivery.
Torch infections in pregnancy presentationAashissh Shah
The document provides an overview of TORCH infections, which are a group of perinatal infections that can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. The TORCH acronym stands for Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella, parvovirus B19, listeriosis, coxsackie virus), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus. Each infection is described in terms of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Congenital infections can cause severe fetal anomalies or loss. Screening and treatment are important for preventing adverse effects in pregnancy.
This document summarizes various viral and protozoal infections that can occur during pregnancy including rubella, measles, influenza, chickenpox, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus, mumps, herpes simplex virus, and HIV. For each infection, the document discusses the causative virus, clinical features, effects on pregnancy, methods of diagnosis, and management approaches. Complications of congenital infections are also outlined. The management of HIV positive pregnancies including antiretroviral therapy and approaches to reduce mother-to-child transmission are described in detail.
Rubella is a viral infection transmitted through respiratory droplets. It causes a rash and fever lasting less than a week. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in deafness, eye problems, and heart defects. Rubella virus is diagnosed through serologic tests detecting antibodies. Rubella vaccination helps prevent infection and congenital rubella syndrome.
This document discusses TORCH infections that can affect pregnancy. It covers Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, and Herpes infections. For each infection, it describes transmission, clinical manifestations, effects on pregnancy like risk of transmission and fetal anomalies, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. For toxoplasmosis, it highlights risks increase with gestational age and treatments include pyrimethamine and spiramycin. For rubella, congenital rubella syndrome can cause fetal defects if acquired early in pregnancy. CMV and herpes infections also pose risks of fetal transmission and growth restriction. Diagnosis involves serology and PCR testing of amniotic fluid. Treatment may include antivirals and monitoring for complications.
This slide contains clinical features, perinatal and post natal diagnosis of congenital torch infection in fetus and neonates, and management of congenital toxaplasma, rubella, CMV, Herpes simplex, varicella, and other infections.
TORCH syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, Varicella zoster, and parvovirus.
Infections can occur in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods in babies. Common infections transmitted from mother to baby include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, parvovirus B19, syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV, group B streptococci, and Listeria. Clinical manifestations in babies can include rash, jaundice, pneumonia, sepsis, and central nervous system abnormalities. Diagnosis involves testing amniotic fluid or infant samples. Treatment may involve antiviral medications for the mother or infant.
This document provides an overview of several congenital, perinatal, and neonatal viral infections. It summarizes the characteristics, risks, outcomes, prevention, and diagnosis of rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, and varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy and in newborns. For each virus, it discusses transmission routes, clinical features of infection, risks of transmission and outcomes for the fetus or newborn, methods of diagnosis, and approaches to prevention and management.
Neonatal infections are common and can cause illness or death in newborns. Newborns are susceptible to infections due to exposure to microorganisms in the uterus, during delivery, and in the hospital environment, as well as an immature immune system. Common infections discussed in the document include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, and syphilis. Signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are described for each infection.
This document discusses several congenital and perinatal viral infections including rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, and varicella zoster virus. For each virus, it describes characteristics, risks of infection during pregnancy, methods of diagnosis, management considerations, and prevention strategies. The key information provided includes transmission routes, risks of fetal infection, potential sequelae of congenital infection, and approaches to screening, treatment and vaccination.
Evaluation of Infection In Pregnancy
- Some infections can be transmitted from mother to fetus and cause serious issues. Rarely, serious maternal illness can impact the fetus as well.
- Intra-amniotic infections from bacteria in the vaginal flora can cause infections like sepsis and meningitis in newborns.
- Common organisms that cause neonatal sepsis include Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep), E. coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Staphylococcus aureus. Screening and treatment is recommended for some high risk infections.
This document provides information on nursing care for HIV/AIDS children. It discusses HIV transmission, clinical manifestations at different stages, opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, nutrition management, immunizations, and nursing assessments and interventions. Key points include transmission from mother to child, asymptomatic onset but development of symptoms over time, opportunistic infections as immune system weakens, antiretroviral therapy to suppress virus, and holistic nursing care to support health and development.
Infections acquired during pregnancy or birth, known as TORCH infections, can cause fetal and neonatal mortality and birth defects. The TORCH acronym originally referred to toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes infections, which commonly present with rash and eye findings. While some TORCH infections can be asymptomatic, others can cause issues like hearing loss, developmental delays, and organ damage in the fetus or newborn if acquired during pregnancy. Screening, treatment, and prevention efforts aim to reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission and effects of TORCH infections.
Approach to congenital cmv infection in newbornJigar Patel
This document provides an overview of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. CMV is a herpesvirus that can be transmitted from mother to fetus. Approximately 40,000 infants are born with congenital CMV annually in the US, with 10-15% experiencing hearing loss. Symptomatic infants may experience jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, or hearing loss at birth. Treatment involves antiviral therapy with ganciclovir or valganciclovir for symptomatic infants or those with hearing loss or central nervous system involvement to improve outcomes. Adverse effects require monitoring bloodwork during the recommended 6 month course of treatment.
Infectious mononucleosis (im) and epstein barr virusRashad Idrees
This document discusses infectious mononucleosis (IM) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a herpes virus that causes IM. IM presents as fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and lymphocytosis. While most cases resolve in 2 weeks, complications can occasionally occur. Diagnosis involves detecting heterophile antibodies or EBV serology. Treatment is symptomatic and management focuses on rest. Shingles is also discussed, caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus. It presents as a rash in dermatomal distributions, and postherpetic neuralgia can occur. Antiviral treatment can reduce symptoms and the vaccine prevents shingles.
Cytomegalovirus is a herpesvirus that commonly infects humans. It can cause enlarged cells (cytomegalic inclusion disease) and poses a risk for severe infections in infants during pregnancy or birth as well as immunosuppressed individuals. The virus replicates slowly in human fibroblasts and establishes lifelong latent infections. Primary infection is usually asymptomatic but can resemble mononucleosis. Congenital infection may cause death, growth problems, or long-term neurological and vision issues in infants. Polymerase chain reaction testing and antigen detection are now used to diagnose active cytomegalovirus infections.
The document discusses the diagnosis and management of congenital infections in neonates. Key points include:
1. Congenital infections can cause a variety of signs including IUGR, hematological abnormalities, ocular signs, CNS abnormalities, and liver involvement. Thorough examination, maternal/prenatal history, and directed labs/imaging are needed for diagnosis.
2. Investigations like fetal ultrasound, lab tests, ophthalmology/audiology assessments, imaging studies, and cultures can help identify infections like toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, HSV, syphilis and parvovirus B19.
3. Treatment depends on the specific infection but may involve antibiotics, antivir
Viral infections / 4th stage students / Dr. Alaa AwnALAA AWN
Viruses are infectious agents that contain genetic material enclosed in a protein coat. They cannot replicate without infecting a host cell. There are two main classifications of viral infections - by the type of genetic material (DNA or RNA viruses) and by the organ or host infected. Common viral infections in humans include those caused by herpes viruses like HSV-1 and VZV, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses and hepatitis viruses.
Mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus that typically presents as swelling of the parotid or other salivary glands. It is spread through respiratory droplets and saliva. While most infections are asymptomatic or mild, complications can include orchitis, meningitis, and deafness. Diagnosis is made through PCR detection of viral RNA or serology. Treatment is supportive and includes analgesics. Vaccination with the live attenuated Jeryl Lynn strain as part of the MMR vaccine provides around 90% protection with two doses and has significantly reduced mumps cases worldwide.
Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can threaten the health of the unborn child if the mother becomes infected during pregnancy. While toxoplasmosis infection usually causes no symptoms, primary infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis in the baby. However, after primary infection, immunity develops that usually protects against reactivation and prevents transmission during subsequent pregnancies. Many doctors mistakenly believe all pregnant women need treatment, when in fact treatment is only necessary for those with primary active infections during pregnancy.
This document summarizes various viral and protozoal infections that can occur during pregnancy including rubella, measles, influenza, chickenpox, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus, mumps, herpes simplex virus, and HIV. For each infection, the document discusses the causative virus, clinical features, effects on pregnancy, methods of diagnosis, and management approaches. Complications of congenital infections are also outlined. The management of HIV positive pregnancies including antiretroviral therapy and approaches to reduce mother-to-child transmission are described in detail.
Rubella is a viral infection transmitted through respiratory droplets. It causes a rash and fever lasting less than a week. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in deafness, eye problems, and heart defects. Rubella virus is diagnosed through serologic tests detecting antibodies. Rubella vaccination helps prevent infection and congenital rubella syndrome.
This document discusses TORCH infections that can affect pregnancy. It covers Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, and Herpes infections. For each infection, it describes transmission, clinical manifestations, effects on pregnancy like risk of transmission and fetal anomalies, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. For toxoplasmosis, it highlights risks increase with gestational age and treatments include pyrimethamine and spiramycin. For rubella, congenital rubella syndrome can cause fetal defects if acquired early in pregnancy. CMV and herpes infections also pose risks of fetal transmission and growth restriction. Diagnosis involves serology and PCR testing of amniotic fluid. Treatment may include antivirals and monitoring for complications.
This slide contains clinical features, perinatal and post natal diagnosis of congenital torch infection in fetus and neonates, and management of congenital toxaplasma, rubella, CMV, Herpes simplex, varicella, and other infections.
TORCH syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, Varicella zoster, and parvovirus.
Infections can occur in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods in babies. Common infections transmitted from mother to baby include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, parvovirus B19, syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV, group B streptococci, and Listeria. Clinical manifestations in babies can include rash, jaundice, pneumonia, sepsis, and central nervous system abnormalities. Diagnosis involves testing amniotic fluid or infant samples. Treatment may involve antiviral medications for the mother or infant.
This document provides an overview of several congenital, perinatal, and neonatal viral infections. It summarizes the characteristics, risks, outcomes, prevention, and diagnosis of rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, and varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy and in newborns. For each virus, it discusses transmission routes, clinical features of infection, risks of transmission and outcomes for the fetus or newborn, methods of diagnosis, and approaches to prevention and management.
Neonatal infections are common and can cause illness or death in newborns. Newborns are susceptible to infections due to exposure to microorganisms in the uterus, during delivery, and in the hospital environment, as well as an immature immune system. Common infections discussed in the document include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, and syphilis. Signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are described for each infection.
This document discusses several congenital and perinatal viral infections including rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, and varicella zoster virus. For each virus, it describes characteristics, risks of infection during pregnancy, methods of diagnosis, management considerations, and prevention strategies. The key information provided includes transmission routes, risks of fetal infection, potential sequelae of congenital infection, and approaches to screening, treatment and vaccination.
Evaluation of Infection In Pregnancy
- Some infections can be transmitted from mother to fetus and cause serious issues. Rarely, serious maternal illness can impact the fetus as well.
- Intra-amniotic infections from bacteria in the vaginal flora can cause infections like sepsis and meningitis in newborns.
- Common organisms that cause neonatal sepsis include Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep), E. coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Staphylococcus aureus. Screening and treatment is recommended for some high risk infections.
This document provides information on nursing care for HIV/AIDS children. It discusses HIV transmission, clinical manifestations at different stages, opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, nutrition management, immunizations, and nursing assessments and interventions. Key points include transmission from mother to child, asymptomatic onset but development of symptoms over time, opportunistic infections as immune system weakens, antiretroviral therapy to suppress virus, and holistic nursing care to support health and development.
Infections acquired during pregnancy or birth, known as TORCH infections, can cause fetal and neonatal mortality and birth defects. The TORCH acronym originally referred to toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes infections, which commonly present with rash and eye findings. While some TORCH infections can be asymptomatic, others can cause issues like hearing loss, developmental delays, and organ damage in the fetus or newborn if acquired during pregnancy. Screening, treatment, and prevention efforts aim to reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission and effects of TORCH infections.
Approach to congenital cmv infection in newbornJigar Patel
This document provides an overview of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. CMV is a herpesvirus that can be transmitted from mother to fetus. Approximately 40,000 infants are born with congenital CMV annually in the US, with 10-15% experiencing hearing loss. Symptomatic infants may experience jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, or hearing loss at birth. Treatment involves antiviral therapy with ganciclovir or valganciclovir for symptomatic infants or those with hearing loss or central nervous system involvement to improve outcomes. Adverse effects require monitoring bloodwork during the recommended 6 month course of treatment.
Infectious mononucleosis (im) and epstein barr virusRashad Idrees
This document discusses infectious mononucleosis (IM) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a herpes virus that causes IM. IM presents as fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and lymphocytosis. While most cases resolve in 2 weeks, complications can occasionally occur. Diagnosis involves detecting heterophile antibodies or EBV serology. Treatment is symptomatic and management focuses on rest. Shingles is also discussed, caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus. It presents as a rash in dermatomal distributions, and postherpetic neuralgia can occur. Antiviral treatment can reduce symptoms and the vaccine prevents shingles.
Cytomegalovirus is a herpesvirus that commonly infects humans. It can cause enlarged cells (cytomegalic inclusion disease) and poses a risk for severe infections in infants during pregnancy or birth as well as immunosuppressed individuals. The virus replicates slowly in human fibroblasts and establishes lifelong latent infections. Primary infection is usually asymptomatic but can resemble mononucleosis. Congenital infection may cause death, growth problems, or long-term neurological and vision issues in infants. Polymerase chain reaction testing and antigen detection are now used to diagnose active cytomegalovirus infections.
The document discusses the diagnosis and management of congenital infections in neonates. Key points include:
1. Congenital infections can cause a variety of signs including IUGR, hematological abnormalities, ocular signs, CNS abnormalities, and liver involvement. Thorough examination, maternal/prenatal history, and directed labs/imaging are needed for diagnosis.
2. Investigations like fetal ultrasound, lab tests, ophthalmology/audiology assessments, imaging studies, and cultures can help identify infections like toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, HSV, syphilis and parvovirus B19.
3. Treatment depends on the specific infection but may involve antibiotics, antivir
Viral infections / 4th stage students / Dr. Alaa AwnALAA AWN
Viruses are infectious agents that contain genetic material enclosed in a protein coat. They cannot replicate without infecting a host cell. There are two main classifications of viral infections - by the type of genetic material (DNA or RNA viruses) and by the organ or host infected. Common viral infections in humans include those caused by herpes viruses like HSV-1 and VZV, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses and hepatitis viruses.
Mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus that typically presents as swelling of the parotid or other salivary glands. It is spread through respiratory droplets and saliva. While most infections are asymptomatic or mild, complications can include orchitis, meningitis, and deafness. Diagnosis is made through PCR detection of viral RNA or serology. Treatment is supportive and includes analgesics. Vaccination with the live attenuated Jeryl Lynn strain as part of the MMR vaccine provides around 90% protection with two doses and has significantly reduced mumps cases worldwide.
Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can threaten the health of the unborn child if the mother becomes infected during pregnancy. While toxoplasmosis infection usually causes no symptoms, primary infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis in the baby. However, after primary infection, immunity develops that usually protects against reactivation and prevents transmission during subsequent pregnancies. Many doctors mistakenly believe all pregnant women need treatment, when in fact treatment is only necessary for those with primary active infections during pregnancy.
complex and shoulder presentation&cord prolapse and presentation.pptxIslamSaeed19
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document discusses shoulder, complex, and cord presentations. It defines each type of presentation and provides information on incidence, etiology, diagnosis, and management. Shoulder presentation occurs when the fetus is transverse or oblique, with the scapula acting as the denominator. Complex presentations involve a cephalic or breech presentation with prolapse of one or both limbs. Cord presentation is when the umbilical cord is below the presenting part, while cord prolapse is when the cord descends through the cervix into the vagina. The document outlines the specific considerations and approaches for managing each type of presentation depending on factors such as cervical dilation, fetal condition, and presentation.
power point vaccination during pregnancy3faa.pptIslamSaeed19
This document discusses vaccines recommended during pregnancy and postpartum. It describes the types of vaccines including live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, and conjugate vaccines. It recommends the influenza, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines during pregnancy to protect both mother and baby. Maternal immunization against influenza has been shown to reduce flu illness in mothers and increase newborn immunity. The tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis vaccine protects against these diseases and aims to pass protection to infants who are most at risk.
The document discusses contracted pelvis, including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and assessment. It defines a contracted pelvis as one where one or more pelvic diameters is reduced below normal. Causes can include developmental factors, malnutrition, diseases like rickets, and trauma. Diagnosis involves history, examination of the pelvis and spine, and pelvimetry to measure pelvic diameters internally and through imaging. Degrees of disproportion and contracted pelvis are classified from minor to severe based on reduction in the true conjugate diameter.
This document provides information on contracted pelvis, including its definition, causes, diagnosis, and management. A contracted pelvis is one where one or more pelvic diameters is reduced below normal. Causes can be developmental, metabolic like rickets, or due to trauma or tumors. Diagnosis involves history, examination, internal and external pelvimetry. Management depends on the degree of disproportion and may include a trial of labor, caesarean section, or symphysiotomy. Different types of contracted pelvis shape labor mechanisms, for example a flat pelvis causes asynclitism and lateral displacement of the head.
PHA Covid vaccination training slides Programme for childbearing women FINAL ...IslamSaeed19
The document provides information on COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and women planning pregnancy. It discusses that COVID-19 vaccination is recommended and safe for these groups as the vaccines are non-live. While clinical trials have not been conducted in pregnancy, emerging real-world data on over 120,000 doses in the US have not found any safety signals. The risks and benefits of vaccination should be discussed between the woman and her clinician.
Tubo-ovarian abscesses are collections of pus in the fallopian tubes or ovaries that can develop from pelvic infections. They require prompt diagnosis and treatment with intravenous antibiotics and sometimes surgery. The article reviews the diagnosis and management of tubo-ovarian abscesses, noting that ultrasound is useful for diagnosis but CT scan may be needed for complex cases, and that treatment involves IV antibiotics with surgery sometimes needed for drainage if the patient does not improve within 48 hours of starting antibiotics.
This document provides guidelines on the management of various fetal malpresentations and positions during labor and delivery. It discusses:
1) Face, brow, shoulder, breech and compound presentations including diagnostic landmarks and management recommendations which are usually cesarean section if fetus is alive or destructive operations if fetus is dead.
2) Breech presentation classifications (complete, frank, footling), risks, and management options of planned vaginal delivery or elective c-section for uncomplicated breeches.
3) Occiput posterior position diagnosis and management of attempting external cephalic version or short/long rotations to convert to occiput anterior for vaginal delivery.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Important cause of still births and
morbidity
• Many diseases go undiagnosed
• Appropriate treatment can prevent
morbidity/mortality
• 1971:Andres Nahmias proposed
acronym ToRCH
• 1975: Harold Fuerst added Syphilis to
the acronym
4. Toxoplasma
⚫ Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an
intracellular parasite TOXOPLASMAGONDII.
⚫ Human acquisition of the infection occurs by:
Oocyst contaminated soil,salads,vegetables.
⚫ Ingestion of raw or undercooked meat
containing tissue cysts (Sheep,pigs and
rabbits are the most common meat sources).
⚫ Out breaks of toxoplasmosis have also been
linked to the consumption of unfiltered wate
5.
6. ⚫Primary maternal infection in
pregnancy–
-Infection rate higher with infection
in 3rd trimester.
-Fetal death higher with infection
in 1st trimester
7. Signs and sympoms
⚫ Infected Pregnant women : usually no
clinical manifestation.
⚫ Although some may have a mild
mononucleosis-like syndrome,
regional lymphadenopathy, or
occasionally chorioretinitis.
⚫Similarly, infected neonates are
usually asymptomatic at birth.
8. The classic triad of findings :
⚫ chorioretinitis,
⚫ hydrocephalus, and
⚫ intracranial calcifications
9.
10. Diagnosis
⚫ Serial IgG measurement (for maternal
infection
⚫ Amniotic fluid PCR (for fetal infection)
⚫ Serologic testing, brain imaging, CSF
analysis and ophthalmologic
evaluation (for neonatal infection),
and
⚫ PCR testing of various body fluids or
tissues
11.
12. Treatment
•In PREGNANT WOMEN
with an established recent infection,
SPIRAMYCIN (3g daily in divided doses)
should be given.
⚫ In neonates :
Pyrimethamine: 50mg twice daily for 2 days
then 50mg daily. PLUS Sulfadiazine:
75mg/kg/daily in two divided doses for 2 days
then 50mg/kg/twice daily PLUS Folinic Acid:
10-20mg daily
13. Prevention- counselling
⚫ Avoid raw/undercooked meat
⚫ wash hands after gardening
⚫ wash raw vegetables
⚫ minimise contact with young kittens
and their litter
15. ⚫It is caused by rubella virus,Rubivirus genus
and familyTogaviridae.
⚫ Intrauterine infection with rubella virus is
referred to as congenital rubella infection
(CRI) or syndrome.
⚫ Infection with rubella earlier in
pregnancy(1st trimester ) cause worse
prognosis and neonatal complications.
⚫ The virus can be transmitted to the fetus
through the placenta and is capable of
causing serious congenital defects,
abortions, and stillbirth
16. ⚫In the baby
Infection in weeks 8-10 of pregnancy
results in damage in up to 90% of
surviving infants. Multiple defects are
then common.
⚫The risk of damage reduces to 10-
20% if the infection is in weeks 11-16
of pregnancy.
⚫ Fetal damage is rare over 18 weeks
of gestation.
17. ⚫Transmission to the fetus occurs via
maternal hematogenous spread to the
placenta.
⚫ It typically occurs 5-7 days after
maternal inoculation.
⚫ After the virus invades the placental
barrier, it spreads throughout the fetus
via their vascular system.
⚫ The congenital defects that result from
infection is secondary to the cytopathical
damage ensued to the blood vessels.
⚫ This in turn results in ischemia of the
affected organs
18. Clinical features
Transient : Intrauterine growth restriction.
Thrombocytopenic purpura (25% - 'blueberry skin').
Haemolytic anaemia.
Hepatosplenomegaly.
Jaundice (common).
Radiolucent bone disease (20%).
Meningoencephalitis (25%) +/- neurological sequelae
Developmental: Sensorineural deafness 80% .
General learning disability (55%).
Insulin-dependent diabetes (20%,)
'Late-onset' disease at 3-12 months with rash, diarrhoea,
pneumonitis and high mortality.
Permanent: Congenital heart disease (commonly patent ductus arteriosus or
pulmon ary artery stenosis).
Eye defects ( cataracts, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary
retinopathyand called 'salt and pepper'),
severe myopia,
microphthalmia.
Microcephaly.
19.
20. ⚫The risk of maternal-fetal
transmission is the greatest in the
first 10 days after gestation
⚫ cardiac and eye defects typically
resulting when maternal infection
occurs prior to 8 week.
⚫ Hearing loss is typically observed in
infections up to 18 weeks of gestation
21. DIAGNOSIS
⚫ Isolation of the rubella virus in culture
⚫ Demonstration of rubella-specific IgM
antibodies
⚫ Demonstration of rubella-specific IgG
antibodies that persist at a higher
concentration or longer duration than
expected from mere passive transfer of
maternal antibodies
⚫ Detection of rubella virus RNA by reverse-
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in
nasopharyngeal swabs, urine, CSF, and
blood at birth
⚫ Avidity testing of IgG
22. ⚫ Avidity:
Strength with which IgG
binds to antigenic epitropes
expressed by a specific
protein.
Gradually matures over
months.
IgG produced in first few
months following primary
infection Low avidity (Bind
weakly toAg)
Therefore, LOW IgG avidity
is a marker of RECENT
PRIMARY infection.
High avidity excludes
primary infection in
preceding 3 months.
23. ⚫Treatment
Supportive care and surveillance is the
only recommended option available at this
time.
Close monitoring within the first 6 to 12
months of life is recommended; particularly
for the evaluation of hearing impairment .
⚫Prevention .
Preventive measures include recommended
immunizations, testing of pregnant women for
rubella immunity and proper counseling
regarding avoiding exposure
25. ⚫ CMV is a doubles stranded DNA herpes virus
⚫ The most common congenital viral infection.
⚫ The CMV seropositivity rate increases with age.
⚫ Geographic location, socioeconomic class, and
work exposure are other factors that influence the
risk of infection.
⚫ CMV infection requires intimate contact through
saliva,urine, and/ or other body fluids.
⚫ Possible routes of transmission include
1.sexual contact, 2. organ transplantation,
3.transplacental transmission,
4. transmission via breastmilk,and
5.blood transfusion(rare)
26. ⚫ Primary,reactivation,or recurrent CMV infection can occur in
pregnancy and can lead to congenital CMV infection.
⚫ Approximately 85 percent of newborns with congenital CMV
infection can be asymptomatic at birth.
⚫ 15 percent will develop progressive hearing loss and visual
impairment as they age.
⚫ Transplacental infection can result in :
intrauterine growth restriction
Sensorineural hearing loss,
Intracranial calcifications
Petichiae
Jaudice
microcephaly,
hydrocephalus
hepatosplenomegaly,
Delayed psychomotor development,
Thrombocytopenia and/
Chorioretinitis
27. ⚫Vertical transmission of CMV can occur at
any stage of pregnancy.
Severe sequelae are more common
with infection in the 1st trimester.
The overall risk of infection is greatest
in the 3rd trimester.
⚫The risk of transmission to the fetus in
primary infection is 30%-40%
28. Diagnosis :
• Virus culture from
urine/saliva
• CMV-DNA PCR in
urine, blood, saliva
and CSF
• CMV IgM antibodies
in blood before 3
weeks of age.
• IgG Avidity testing
29. Treatment
⚫ Ganciclovir 5mg/kg IV every 12
hours for 14 days OR
⚫ Valganciclovir 900mg PO daily for 3-
6 months OR
⚫ CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin
(200 units/kg of body weight)
Foscarnet, Cidofovir for refractory CMV/
Ganciclovir resistance
32. ⚫Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection during
pregnancy can pose a serious threat to the
developing fetus and the newborn infant.
⚫ Transmission typically occurs via direct
contact between the neonate and an infected
maternal genital tract.
⚫ If the primary HSV infection was acquired
during pregnancy, then the risk of
transmission is greater as compared with
reactivation of a previous infection.
⚫ incidence of neonatal HSV infection ranges
from 1 in 3200 to 1 in 10,000 births .
33. ⚫ HSV is a member of the Herpes viridae family of
viruses
⚫ Enters the host through the inoculation of oral,
genital, or conjunctival mucosa.
⚫ Inoculation also can occur through breaks in the
skin.
⚫ Dissemination of the virus eventually allows the
virus to reach the dorsal root ganglia, where it
remains dormant for the rest of the host’s life.
⚫ Antiviral drugs do not affect latent HSV infection
and therefore infection is life-long
⚫ Intrauterine HSV is a rare occurrence and most
likely is caused by maternal viremia associated
with primary infection during pregnancy.
34. ⚫ Intrauterine infection is associated with
hydropsfetalis and
in-utero fetal demise.
⚫ The characteristic triad noted at birth includes
skin lesions consistent of vesicles,
ulcerations or scarring ,
eye damage and
CNS abnormalities, such as hydranencephaly
and microcephaly.
⚫ Clinical manifestation can arise any time during
the first six weeks of life, but usually occurs within
the first month of life
35.
36. Diagnosis
Isolation of HSV in culture
Detection of DNA via PCR assays
Detection of HSV specific antigens using rapid direct
immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassays.
Classic CSF findings include :
a mononuclear cell pleocytosis,
normal or slightly low glucose concentration
and moderately elevated protein level.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is often abnormal from
early on in the disease and may show focal or multifocal
periodic epileptic form discharges .
Neuroimaging studies may show parenchymal brain
edema, hemorrhage or destructive lesions in the
temporal frontal, parietal or brainstem regions in the
brain
37.
38. ⚫After completion of parenteral therapy
suppressive course of oral acyclovir for 6
months
PREVENTION
• 85% neonatal HSV are acquired
perinatally.
• True intrauterine infection 5%
• Careful speculum examination for active
genital HSV
• Caesarean section reduces risk of HSV
transmission
40. ⚫Infant usually infected in utero by
transplacental passage of Treponema
pallidum from infected mother at any time.
⚫Infection may also occur from contact with an
infectious lesion during passage through the
birth canal
It remains unclear what factors determine
which mothers, particularly those in the latent
stage, will pass the disease to the fetuses.
Also unclear why some infants, infected in
utero, are born asymptomatic, but develop
overt dz. In first few wks./mo.
41. ⚫Infection can be transmitted to fetus at any
stage of disease.
Rate of infection 60% - 100% during
second stage.
Transmission rates slowly decreases
with increasing duration of the disease.
⚫Women, untreated early syphilis: 40% of
pregnancies result in spontaneous
abortion, stillbirth, or perinatal death.
42. Clinical Manifestations
⚫ Damage to fetus depends on the stage of
development at which infection has taken place
and time elapsed before treatment.
a. Early infection, untreated: miscarriage, stillbirth,
neonatal death, IUGR, premature delivery.
a. Survivors :
Early congenital syphilis : clinical manifestations
within first 2 years of life
Late congenital syphilis : clinical manifestations
after 2yo
43. EARLY CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
Early manifestations arevaried, with multi-system Involvement
⚫ Hepatosplenomegaly-
diffuse inflammation, scarring
⚫ Jaundice – due to hepatitis
⚫ Generalized
lymphadenopathy –
epitrochclear nodes
⚫ Coombs – hemolytic
anemia, thromobocytopenia,
leukopenia, leukocytosis
⚫ Hydrops fetalis
⚫ Mucocutaneous: rhinitis
(highly infectious) ,
“snuffles”, mucous
patches
⚫ Macuolpapular rash
⚫ Desquamation
⚫ Pemphigus syphiliticus
(vesicular bullous eruptions of
palms and soles)
⚫ Petechial lesions
⚫ Bony lesions,
osteochondritis, periostitis,
pseudoparalysis
⚫ Syphilitc leptomeningitis
⚫ Chorioretinitis, salt and
pepper fundus, glaucoma
⚫ Pancreatitis
46. Diagnosis :
• Adequacy of maternal treatment
• Examination of placenta/umbilical cord for pathology
• Dark field microscopy of suspicious lesions/body fluid
• Clinical findings suggestive of syphilis: Non immune
hydrops/ jaundice/hepatosplenomegaly/ rhinitis/ skin
rash
• Quantitative
Nontreponemal test: VDRL, RPR
Quantitative results correlate with disease activity,
therefore helpful in screening.
Titers rise when disease is active, fall when treatment is
adequate
These tests become non- reactive within a few months of
adequate treatment.
Treponemal tests: TPI, FTA-ABS, MHA-TP
47. ⚫ Infant Testing Reactive serology in neonate could
be due to IgG passively transferred to newborn
through placenta, and does not indicate active
infection.
⚫ If infant’s titer higher than mother’s congenital
infection
⚫ If decreasing titer in infant passive transfer of
antibodies,
should disappear by 3-4 months of age.
⚫ Persistently reactive VDRL, with rising titer
Active Infection
48. Treatment
⚫Aqueous crystalline Penicillin G
100,000-150,000U/kg/day (given q8-
q12hrs) IV for 10 days
OR
⚫Procaine Penicillin G 50,000 U/kg/day
IM for 10days
If >1 day of therapy missed, entire
course should be restarted
50. ⚫ Neonatal Varicella Infants whose mothers
demonstrate varicella in the period from 5
days prior to delivery to 2 days afterward are
at high risk for severe varicella.
• The infant acquires the infection
transplacentally
• The infant's rash usually occurs toward the
end of the 1st week to the early part of the
2nd week of life
• maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) is able to
cross the placenta if delivery occurs after 30
wk of gestation
51. Clinical manifestations
1.Congenital varicella syndrome.
include cicatricial skin lesions, ocular defects,limb
abnormalities, CNS abnormalities, IUGR, and fetal demise
or early death.
• The syndrome most commonly occurs with maternal VZV
infection between weeks 7 and 20 of gestation
2. Zoster.
⚫ Zoster is uncommon in young infants but may occur as a
consequence of in utero fetal infection with VZV.
⚫ usually self-limiting, with only symptomatic therapy indicated
in otherwise healthy children.
3.Postnatal varicella.
⚫ mild disease likely due to the presence of maternal antibodies
against the virus.
⚫ Rarely, severe disseminated disease occurs in newborns
exposed shortly after birth following an acute maternal
infection.
52.
53.
54. DIAGNOSIS
⚫clinical findings and maternal history
⚫culture of vesicular fluid,
⚫VZV antibody titer by the fluorescent
antibody to membrane antigen assay
or by ELISA;
⚫antigen detected from cells at the
base of a vesicle By
immunofluorescent antibody or PCR
detection.
55. TREATMENT
+3
-7 -5
-6 -4 -3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +4
Newborn will have
protective antibodies
Likelihood of severe
disease is low
Do not separate baby
from mother
Continue breast
feeding
No VZIG
Acyclovir if baby
develops rash
Newborn will not
have protective
antibodies
Likelihood of severe
disease is high
Separate baby from
mother
If baby devps rash
stay with mother
VZIG within 72 hours
Acyclovir
Newborn will not
have protective
antibodies
But, likelihood of
severe disease is
low
Separate baby
from mother
f baby devps
rash stay with
mother
No VZIG
Acyclovir if baby
develops ras
57. ⚫HBV infection during late pregnancy
or near the time of delivery,
however,may result in up to 90%
transmission rate in the absence of
any prophylaxis and is most common
in women who have both HBsAg and
HBeAg detected in blood, indicating
high plasma HBV DNA level.
58. ⚫ Risk of vertical transmission
mother
HBsAG +VE BUT HBeAg –VE: 5-20%
HBsAg +ve and HBeAg +ve: 70-90%
• No contraindication for breast feeding
• Hepatitis B vaccine : 90% active immunity
HBIG: additional 5- 10% immunity
• 90% of infected infants become chronic
cases
59. NEONATE BORN TO MOTHER WITH HEPATITIS B
(prenatal testing of all pregnant womens for HBsAG is
recommanded
At birth : Hepatitis B vaccine with HBIG(200 IU IM)
(Perferably within 12 hrs bt not after 48 to 72 hrs)
FOLLOWUP: complete HBV immunization as per schedule
3 dose schedule
Infants<2kg: do not count birth dose and give 3 more dose
Infants>2kg:give total 3 doses
FOLLOW UP TESTING DONE AT 9 TO 18 MONTHS OF AGE FOR
ANTI-HBs and HbsAg
60. FOLLOWUP AT 9 TO 18
MONTHS
Infants with
anti-HB>/10mIU/ml
and HBsAG neg
IMMUNE
NO ACTION
REQUIRED
Infants with
anti HB<10mIU/ml
and HBsAG neg
NO HBV
INFECTION
BUT FAIL TO
RESPOND TO
IMMUNIZATION
REVACCINATION(
3 DOSES)
Infants with
Anti HBs neg
And HBsAG
positive
HBV INFECTION
FOLLOWUP
62. ⚫Malaria during neonatal period occurs
due to administration of infected
blood.
⚫It appears that placenta act as barrier
to malarial paracite and its
transplacental transmission if futher
blocked if mother is immune.
⚫Placental malaria is asymptomatic and
it silently causes fetal wasting
63. ⚫ Matarnal malaria causes severe anemianand
adversly affect placental circulation interfering
with nutrition and oxygenation--- Leading to
abortion, still birth, prematurity , fetal growth
retardation and neonatal deaths
⚫ Fetal infection occures due to direct
penetration of paracite through chorionic villi,
premature separation of placenta,
maternofetal transfusion during delivery
⚫ Disease manifests around 2-8 weeks with
Fever
Jaundice
Hemolytic anemia
reticulocytosis
thrombocytosis
Hs megaly
64. TREATMENT
⚫ Oral administration
chloroquine 10mg/kg followed by 5mg/kg at 6,24
&48 hrs
(IM injections is unsafe risk of seizures)
• Radical therapy with primaquine is unnessesary as
congenital malaria is form of transfusion malaria
and it has no exoerythrocytic phase
Chloroquine resistant malaria
oral quinine sulfate 25mg/kg 8th hrly for 3-5 days
66. • Women with pulmonary TB do not pose any treat to
fetus but may infect after birth
• Congenital TB may occur if mother having
tubercular endometriosis, miliary TB, or placenta
affected by tubercular bacilli.
⚫ Infection may transmit to fetus through umbilical
vein or by aspiration at time of birthInfant may born
with active disease or symptoms may appear in
first 8 weeks of life
⚫ Present with
HS megally
Tachypnea
Lethargic
Skin papules
Features of miliary TB
LN pathy
Fever
Poor feeding
Jaundice
67.
68. ⚫Reassure the mother to breast feed the
baby
⚫Separation of mother & baby required
only if mother –
is sick
non adherent to treatment
has MDR TB
• BCG vaccination after completion of INH
course