We're going to talk whether it's worth to migrate from ASP.NET Core 2.2 to 3.0 in terms of performance. In addition, we're raising topics about high-performance features like pipelines, span, and memory which are used in ASP.NET 3.0 by Microsoft to speed up the processing of requests.

1. Performance in
.NET Core
Gdańsk, 2019.11.21

2. 2
Number of requests on production
Numberofrequests

3. 3
Measurement tools
JetBrains dotTrace
JetBrains dotMemory

4. 4
Size of objects
Namespace Allocated bytes
Allocated
objects
Collected bytes
Collected
objects
Newtonsoft
JSON
162 368 6 803 105 168 5 851
JSON.NET 68 276 2 122 39 564 1 750

5. 5
The most allocated types
2.2
3.0

6. 6
Allocated strings by Newtonsoft

7. 7
Time of processing requests (smaller is better)
436
684
775 792
172
1768
282
353
581
677 720
160
1463
207
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Time[ms]
ASP.NET Core 2.2 ASP .NET Core 3.0

8. 8
What’s the gain?
ASP.NET Core 2.2
4 909 ms
ASP.NET Core 3.0
4 161 ms
748 ms
-
=

9. Pipes

10. 10
Hypothetical Use Case
Company needs to report all sale
transactions quaterly for statistics purposes.

11. 11
Hypothetical Use Case
Company needs to report all sale
transactions quaterly for statistics purposes.
Since the Company makes thousands of
transactions every day - report file is very
large.

12. 12
Hypothetical Use Case
Company needs to report all sale
transactions quaterly for statistics purposes.
Since the Company makes thousands of
transactions every day - report file is very
large.
Let’s assume the report is a CSV file.

13. 13
Hypothetical Use Case
Company needs to report all sale
transactions quaterly for statistics purposes.
Since the Company makes thousands of
transactions every day - report file is very
large.
Let’s assume the report is a CSV file.

14. 14
Naïve approach 1
app.Run(context => ProcessRequestAsync(context.Request.Body));
// NAIVE APPROACH
private async Task ProcessRequestAsync(Stream stream)
{
var buffer = new byte[1024];
while(true)
{
var bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
if (bytesRead == 0)
{
return; // EOF
}
ProcessRowData(buffer, bytesRead);
}
}

15. 15
Naïve approach 2
// BETTER APPROACH
private async Task ProcessRequestAsync(Stream stream)
{
var buffer = new byte[1024];
while (true)
{
var bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
if (bytesRead == 0)
{
return; // EOF
}
var newLinePos = -1;
var bytesChecked = 0;
do
{
newLinePos = Array.IndexOf(buffer, (byte)'n', bytesChecked, bytesRead - bytesChecked);
if (newLinePos >= 0)
{
var lineLength = newLinePos - bytesChecked;
ProcessRowData(buffer, bytesChecked, lineLength);
}
bytesChecked += newLinePos + 1;
}
while (newLinePos > 0);
}
}

16. 16
CSV might be tricky
Some product; 5.0; "Amazingn
Category"; 10n
Other product; 1.0; Boring category; 2n

17. 17
CSV might be tricky
Some product; 5.0; "Amazingn
Category"; 10n
Other product; 1.0; Boring category; 2n

18. 18
How we can improve our approach?
We can allocate bigger buffer when we face longer line or multiline record

19. 19
How we can improve our approach?
We can allocate bigger buffer when we face longer line or multiline record
We can create own pool of buffers, new buffer would be created when the previous gets
filled up (i.e. in 80% or more).

20. 20
System.IO.Pipelines to the rescue
The mentioned issues can easily be solved by using Pipe.

21. 21
System.IO.Pipelines to the rescue
The mentioned issues can easily be solved by using Pipe.
Pipe​
PipeWriter PipeReader

22. 22
Pipes
private async Task ProcessRequestAsync(Stream stream)
{
var pipe = new Pipe();
var readFileTask = ReadFileAsync(stream, pipe.Writer);
var processFileTask = ProcessFileAsync(pipe.Reader);
await Task.WhenAll(readFileTask, processFileTask);
}

23. 23
PipeWriter
private async Task ReadFileAsync(Stream stream, PipeWriter pipeWriter)
{
while (true)
{
Memory<byte> memory = pipeWriter.GetMemory(BufferSize);
int bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(memory);
if (bytesRead == 0)
{
break;
}
pipeWriter.Advance(bytesRead);
// flush data to PipeReader
FlushResult flushResult = await pipeWriter.FlushAsync();
if (flushResult.IsCompleted)
{
break;
}
}
pipeWriter.Complete(); // we are done
}

24. 24
PipeReader
private async Task ProcessFileAsync(PipeReader pipeReader)
{
while(true)
{
ReadResult result = await pipeReader.ReadAsync();
ReadOnlySequence<byte> buffer = result.Buffer;
SequencePosition? position = null;
do
{
position = buffer.PositionOf((byte)'n'); // find position of newline character, read multiline row…
if (position != null)
{
ProcessRowData(buffer.Slice(0, position.Value));
buffer = buffer.Slice(buffer.GetPosition(1, position.Value)); // move to next line
}
}
while (position != null);
if (result.IsCompleted)
{
break;
}
pipeReader.AdvanceTo(buffer.Start, buffer.End); // let know the PipeReader how much bytes were consumed
}
pipeReader.Complete(); // we are done
}

25. 25
Partial read
Pipe.Reader.ReadAsync() Some product; 5
Some product; 5 .PositionOf((byte)'n') null
Pipe.Reader.ReadAsync() Some product; 5.0; Some Categoryn
Some product; 5.0; Some Categoryn .PositionOf((byte)'n') SequencePosition
Pipe.Reader.AdvanceTo( SequencePosition +1)
Pipe.Reader.ReadAsync() Other product; 3.0;…

26. 26
ReadOnlySequence<T>, SequencePosition
Pipe
ReadOnlySequence
EndStart

27. 27
Backpressure & flow control

28. 28
Backpressure & flow control

29. 29
Backpressure & flow control

30. 30
Backpressure & flow control

31. 31
Backpressure & flow control

32. 32
Backpressure & flow control
PauseWriterThreshold

33. 33
Backpressure & flow control
PauseWriterThreshold

34. 34
Backpressure & flow control
PauseWriterThreshold

35. 35
Backpressure & flow control
PauseWriterThreshold

36. 36
Backpressure & flow control
PauseWriterThreshold
ResumeWriterThreshold

37. 37
Backpressure & flow control
PauseWriterThreshold
ResumeWriterThreshold

38. 38
How is it relevant?

39. 39
How is it relevant?
Pipes originally were introduced for internal use in Kestrel. Eventually, the’ve
evolved into a part of public API.

40. 40
How is it relevant?
Pipes originally were introduced for internal use in Kestrel. Eventually, the’ve
evolved into a part of public API.
The body of request in ASP.NET Core 3.0 is exposed via BodyReader property of
the HttpContext. BodyReader is in fact PipeReader.

41. 41
How is it relevant?
Pipes originally were introduced for internal use in Kestrel. Eventually, the’ve
evolved into a part of public API.
The body of request in ASP.NET Core 3.0 is exposed via BodyReader property of
the HttpContext. BodyReader is in fact PipeReader.
Response body can be written with BodyWriter (PipeWriter).

42. Span<T>
and Memory<T>

43. 43
Span<T>
.NET Core 2.1
ReadOnlySpan<T>
C# 7.2
ref struct
Array Slicing

44. 44
Span<T> - Example
N A M E @ E M A I L

45. 45
Span<T> - Example
N A M E @ E M A I L
public ReadOnlySpan<char> GetName(ReadOnlySpan<char> email)
{
var @position = email.LastIndexOf(‘@’);
return @position == -1
? ReadOnlySpan<char>.Empty
: email.Slice(0, @position);
}

46. 46
Span<T> - Two versions
Background vector Created by brgfx - www.freepik.com

47. 47
Span<T> - Two versions
Method Job Mean StdDev
SpanIndexer_Get .NET 4.6 0.6054 ns 0.0007 ns
SpanIndexer_Get .NET Core 1.1 0.6047 ns 0.0008 ns
SpanIndexer_Get .NET Core 2.0 0.5333 ns 0.0006 ns
SpanIndexer_Set .NET 4.6 0.6059 ns 0.0007 ns
SpanIndexer_Set .NET Core 1.1 0.6042 ns 0.0002 ns
SpanIndexer_Set .NET Core 2.0 0.5205 ns 0.0003 ns
Source: Adam Sitnik - https://adamsitnik.com/Span/#using-span

48. 48
Limitations of Span<T>
Heap
as generic type
argument
implement any
interfaces
No
parameter of async
method

49. 49
Memory<T>
.NET Core 2.1
Asynchronous world
C# 7.2
ReadOnlyMemory<T>
On Heap
Wrapper of Span<T>

50. 50
Span<T> and Memory<T> - Supported in
.NET Standard 1.0 1.1 1.2
.NET Core 1.0 1.0 1.0
.NET Framework 1 4.5 4.5 4.5.1
Mono 4.6 4.6 4.6
Xamarin.iOS 10.0 10.0 10.0
Xamarin.Mac 3.0 3.0 3.0
Xamarin.Android 7.0 7.0 7.0
Universal Windows
Platform
10.0 10.0 10.0
Unity 2018.1 2018.1 2018.1

51. Json.NET

52. 52
Json.NET – High performance JSON serializer and deserializer
.NET Standard 1.6 2.0 2.1
.NET Core 1.0 2.0 3.0
.NET Framework 4.6.1 4.6.1 Won’t support
Mono 4.6 5.4 6.4
Xamarin.iOS 10.0 10.14 12.16
Xamarin.Mac 3.0 3.8 5.16
Xamarin.Android 7.0 8.0 10.0
Universal Windows
Platform
10.0.16299 10.0. 16299 TBD
Unity 2018.1 2018.1 TBD

53. await FlushAsync();
Questions();