3. DefinitionDefinition
PepticPeptic ulcerulcer diseasedisease isis
diseasedisease ofof thethe stomachstomach oror duodenum,theduodenum,the
mainemaine signsign ofof wichwich isis anan excoriatedexcoriated
segmentsegment ((ulcerulcer defect)defect) onon gastrointestinalgastrointestinal
mucosamucosa..
About 10% of the populatione in differentAbout 10% of the populatione in different
countryes are suffered this disease.countryes are suffered this disease.
5. PathogenesisPathogenesis
The traditional theories regarding pathogenesThe traditional theories regarding pathogenes
of peptic ulcer focus on acid hypersecretion.of peptic ulcer focus on acid hypersecretion.
Accodig to this theories,Accodig to this theories, hydrochlorichydrochloric acidacid
is the maine case of damage gastrointestinumis the maine case of damage gastrointestinum
mucosae, in situation,when local defensmucosae, in situation,when local defens
factors is decreases.This findings is notfactors is decreases.This findings is not
universal anduniversal and
it is now known that hypersecretion is not theit is now known that hypersecretion is not the
primary mechanism ulcerogenesis.primary mechanism ulcerogenesis.
6. PathogenesisPathogenesis
InfectiousInfectious theoriestheories nownow isis veryvery impotentimpotent..
Accoding this theories the main cause ofAccoding this theories the main cause of
ulcerogenesis isulcerogenesis is H.pylori,wichH.pylori,wich producedproduced
enzymeenzyme –– ureaseurease andand cytotoxins, whichcytotoxins, which
may erode the mucous barrier, leading to epithelialmay erode the mucous barrier, leading to epithelial
damage.Mucolitic enzymes (eg,bacterialdamage.Mucolitic enzymes (eg,bacterial
proteases,lipase) apper to be involved in degradationproteases,lipase) apper to be involved in degradation
of the mucouse layer,making the epithelium moreof the mucouse layer,making the epithelium more
susceptible to acid damage.susceptible to acid damage.
7. Clinical findingsClinical findings
Complans:Complans:
*Attac of epigastric paine, which arise after*Attac of epigastric paine, which arise after
food from 30-60 min (ulcer stomach) or 1,5-2food from 30-60 min (ulcer stomach) or 1,5-2
houres and fasting or in the night (ulcerhoures and fasting or in the night (ulcer
duodenum) and relieved by vomiting, alkaliduodenum) and relieved by vomiting, alkali
food and medicines. Paine may be near thefood and medicines. Paine may be near the
xiphoid process or in the epigastrium to thexiphoid process or in the epigastrium to the
left of the midl line and may radiation to theleft of the midl line and may radiation to the
back near the angle of the left scapula.back near the angle of the left scapula.
8. Clinical findingsClinical findings
NauseaNausea
VomitingVomiting is once(solitare), on height of theis once(solitare), on height of the
paine and is afferented reliefpaine and is afferented relief
ConstipationConstipation
Hematemesis (Hematemesis (vomitingvomiting withwith blood, blacblood, blac
color)color)
Melena (blac, water stool)Melena (blac, water stool)
9. Clinical findingsClinical findings
On examination:On examination:
Usually low weight, tongue is furredUsually low weight, tongue is furred
Tenderness and cutaneous hyperalgesia in theTenderness and cutaneous hyperalgesia in the
epigastriumepigastrium
Mendel symptom’s positive (tenderness in oneMendel symptom’s positive (tenderness in one
poit on midl line due to percassion)poit on midl line due to percassion)
Muscular rigidity of the upper rectus muscleMuscular rigidity of the upper rectus muscle
due to free perforationdue to free perforation
10. Diagnostics methodsDiagnostics methods
FIBEROPTICFIBEROPTIC
ENDOSCOPY is a powerfulENDOSCOPY is a powerful
method for the diagnosismethod for the diagnosis
and menegement of pepticand menegement of peptic
ulcer disease.ulcer disease.
Signs of the peptic ulcerSigns of the peptic ulcer
disease aredisease are
* ulcer defect on mucousa* ulcer defect on mucousa
* hyperemia and oderma* hyperemia and oderma
mucousa membrane aroundmucousa membrane around
ulcer defectulcer defect
13. Diagnostic methodsDiagnostic methods
Double-contrastDouble-contrast bariumbarium X-rayX-ray::
* projecting mass of barium in the lesser* projecting mass of barium in the lesser
curvaturecurvature
** nicheniche - symptom or permanent filling- symptom or permanent filling
defect in the stomach walldefect in the stomach wall
* pyloric spasm may be present with juxta-* pyloric spasm may be present with juxta-
pyloric ulcerationpyloric ulceration
* Forefinger-symptoms or symptom gastrica plica* Forefinger-symptoms or symptom gastrica plica
convergenceconvergence
14. Diagnostic methodsDiagnostic methods
Diagnostic tests in order to detection H-Diagnostic tests in order to detection H-
PyloryPylory
* Morfological method* Morfological method
* Ureasa-test or “Campi” test* Ureasa-test or “Campi” test
* Respiratory test* Respiratory test
* Immunologycal blood test* Immunologycal blood test
^ PH- Metria (method for tetermination pH in^ PH- Metria (method for tetermination pH in
the stomach)the stomach)
17. ComplicationComplication
HemorrhageHemorrhage (vomiting of”coffe-ground”material -(vomiting of”coffe-ground”material -
hematemesis, black tarry stools - melena, syncope, anemia)hematemesis, black tarry stools - melena, syncope, anemia)
PerforationPerforation and local or general peritonitisand local or general peritonitis
(extrimity pane in abdomen, rectum muscle(extrimity pane in abdomen, rectum muscle
tension, X-ray- freedom gas in abdomen)tension, X-ray- freedom gas in abdomen)
Penetration (Penetration (paine is encrease and may be beltingpaine is encrease and may be belting
character,low grade fever,pancreatitis)character,low grade fever,pancreatitis)
GastricGastric stenosisstenosis (vomiting with food, took in the(vomiting with food, took in the
day before, lose weight, desorders electrolits change)day before, lose weight, desorders electrolits change)
** CarcinomaCarcinoma stomach (stomach (lose weight, anemia,constant paine,other)lose weight, anemia,constant paine,other)
18. TreatmentTreatment
Regim comfortableRegim comfortable
DietDiet N1 with exclusion acute, rich, roasted(fried) food, coffe,N1 with exclusion acute, rich, roasted(fried) food, coffe,
tea, alcochol,tomatous,smoked sausage and fishtea, alcochol,tomatous,smoked sausage and fish
EthiologyEthiology treatmenttreatment
**AntibioticAntibiotic drugs for H.pylory is evolving:drugs for H.pylory is evolving:
Amoxicillin 0,5g 4 time per day 5days orallyAmoxicillin 0,5g 4 time per day 5days orally
Clarithromycin 0,5g 2 time per day 7days poClarithromycin 0,5g 2 time per day 7days po
Metronidasol 250mg 4 time per day 10 days poMetronidasol 250mg 4 time per day 10 days po
*Drugs are normalased functions*Drugs are normalased functions nervousnervous systemsystem::
Phenasepam, t-ra Valerianae or AmitriptylinPhenasepam, t-ra Valerianae or Amitriptylin
20. TreatmentTreatment
H2-blockersH2-blockers::
Ranitidin 150mg 2 time per day 3-5 wkRanitidin 150mg 2 time per day 3-5 wk
Famotidine 20mg 2 time per day 3-5 wkFamotidine 20mg 2 time per day 3-5 wk
Nizatidin 40 mg/day 3-5wkNizatidin 40 mg/day 3-5wk
Antacids:Antacids:
Aluminium hydroxideAluminium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxideMagnesium hydroxide
Bismuthum nitratum or cytratum (de-nol)Bismuthum nitratum or cytratum (de-nol)
““Almagel”,”Maalox”,”Fospholugel”,otherAlmagel”,”Maalox”,”Fospholugel”,other
21. TreatmentTreatment
DrugsDrugs areare enhanceenhance mucosalmucosal defencedefence::
ProstaglandinE (Misoprostol 400mg/dayProstaglandinE (Misoprostol 400mg/day
Sucralfat 0,5-1,0g 3 time per day 3-5wkSucralfat 0,5-1,0g 3 time per day 3-5wk
Venter 1,0g 2 time per day 3-5wkVenter 1,0g 2 time per day 3-5wk
De-nol 120 mg 3time per day 3-5 wkDe-nol 120 mg 3time per day 3-5 wk
Tribimol 120mg 3 time per day 3-5 wkTribimol 120mg 3 time per day 3-5 wk
24. TreatmentTreatment
SurgerySurgery methods treatmentmethods treatment
may be using, if patient has complication.may be using, if patient has complication.
IndicationsIndications::
PerforationPerforation
HemorrageHemorrage
Stenosis (gastric outlet obstraction)Stenosis (gastric outlet obstraction)
Malignization (stomach cancar)Malignization (stomach cancar)
If the patient hasn’t complication,surgery methodsIf the patient hasn’t complication,surgery methods
not indication.not indication.