Penicillin is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent bacterial infections. It works by binding to bacteria's cell wall formation enzymes, preventing cell wall formation and causing bacterial cell death. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, while allergic reactions such as rashes or anaphylaxis are also possible. Penicillin is contraindicated for those with a history of severe allergy to penicillin or its derivatives. Nurses should monitor patients receiving penicillin for potential superinfections or cross-sensitivities.

1. PENICILLIN
Present By :-
Hirensinh Mahipatsinh Chavda

2. 1. INTRODUCTION
1. substance that is used as a medicine (an
antibiotic) for preventing and treating
diseases and infections caused by bacteria

3. 2. penicillin category
• Classes of Penicillins
• Natural Penicillins. Penicillin G (same as
Benzylpenicillin)
• .Aminopenicillins. Ampicillin.
• .Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins
(Antistaphylococcal Penicillins) Methicillin
(prototype)
• .Extended Spectrum Penicillins
(Antipseudomonal Penicilllins) Azlocillin.
• .Beta-lactamase Inhibitors. Clavulanic acid.

4. 3. Penicillin Mechanisms of Action
• Paenicillin kills bacteria through binding of the
beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting
its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell
wall formation. Without a cell wall, a bacterial
cell is vulnerable to outside water and molecular
pressures, which causes the cell to quickly die.

5. 4. Side/Adverse Effects
• Common: nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress,
diarrhea, and black hairy tongue
• Monitor for C-diff, candidiasis, and hyperkalemia
• Hypersensitivity: Rash (maculopapular to
exfoliative dermatitis), urticaria, laryngeal
edema, and anaphylaxis
• SAFETY: If an allergic reaction occurs, penicillin
should be discontinued and appropriate therapy
instituted. Serious anaphylactic reactions require
emergency treatment with epinephrine and
airway management

6. 5. PENICILLIN CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Contraindications of penicillin include a
previous history of severe allergic
reaction or penicillin and its derivatives.
Penicillin is also contraindicated in
patients who have had Stevens-
Johnson syndrome after administering
penicillin or a penicillin derivative.

7. 6. PENICILLIN NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
• Specific Administration Considerations: In
addition to general antimicrobial
administration considerations, it is
important to monitor patients who receive
penicillins for signs of superinfections such
as C-diff or yeast infections. There is also a
cross-sensitivity for patients allergic to
cephalosporins.