The Pakistani Taliban (TTP) offered peace negotiations to the Pakistani government in late 2012, sparking debate over how to respond. While political parties supported peace talks through two conferences, they lacked a clear strategy and the military distanced itself. Previous peace agreements with the TTP failed to restore peace as the militants gained concessions and strengthened their grip. The TTP demands include imposing Sharia law and withdrawing support for the US war in Afghanistan. However, experts doubt the sincerity of the offer and see it as a tactic for the TTP to regroup. Peace talks also legitimize TTP violence and empower the group locally. A military operation is viewed as a more appropriate response to defeat the TTP threat to Pakistan's security and
Political Reforms in FATA: Will it End Militancy? (Sayed Wiqar Shah 2012)fatanews
This document summarizes a working paper about political reforms in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. It discusses the history of FATA's governance under British colonial rule and its continuation after independence. It notes the high levels of militancy and presence of al-Qaeda and Taliban in FATA. Recent political reforms aim to introduce mainstream political activities, but their implementation faces issues. The document explores questions around how various stakeholders may react and whether the reforms can help end the current militancy in the region.
The ninth round of India-China military talks were held on Sunday to reduce tensions at the Line of Actual Control in Ladakh. While no breakthrough was achieved, both sides agreed to meet soon to find a mutually agreeable disengagement agreement. There were over 100,000 troops from both sides stationed at the border. India maintained its stance that China must withdraw troops from all disputed areas before India will withdraw from strategic areas. The talks failed to yield any concrete results but both sides reaffirmed their commitment to resolving the issue peacefully through dialogue.
1. Pakistan recently released nine Afghan Taliban prisoners in a move seen as shifting its policy towards facilitating peace in Afghanistan rather than blocking it.
2. This strategic shift is aimed at improving Pakistan's image and role in the Afghanistan endgame by gaining trust of Afghan groups, as stability in Afghanistan benefits Pakistan's counterinsurgency efforts against militants near their shared border.
3. For a political settlement to succeed in Afghanistan, all Afghan factions including the Taliban must be brought to the negotiation table, though it remains unclear if the Afghan government and others will accept the Taliban's key demand of Islamic law.
The document summarizes political events in Pakistan during the 1990s. It describes how President Zia died in a plane crash in 1988. Benazir Bhutto's PPP party formed a government after elections but faced challenges. In 1990, President Khan dismissed Bhutto and new elections brought Nawaz Sharif and the IJI party to power. Sharif implemented economic reforms but faced opposition. Conflict between Sharif and Khan led to both resigning in 1993. After interim elections, Bhutto returned to power but her government faced difficulties and was dismissed in 1996. Sharif then won elections and consolidated power before an attempted replacement of Musharraf led to the military deposing Sharif in 1999.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to understanding Pakistan, including its geopolitical location, fault lines, terrorist groups, and the ideology of Nazariya-e-Pakistan (N-e-P). It discusses how N-e-P was designed as an alternative ideology following Pakistan's defeat in 1971 to position Pakistan as the "Guardian of Islam". It also summarizes the rise of various terrorist organizations operating in Pakistan such as Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). The document outlines the ethno-regional and religious fault lines in Pakistan and the ongoing
Should india talk to civilian government in pakistan:SSB LecGp Dis 27 Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Indo Pak relation has always never been conducive since partition .How ever keeping in view changing world there is definite need for engagement to find solution for benefit of both countries.My friend Brig Gupta has analyzed the same.
Nawaz Sharif served 3 terms as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1990-1993, 1997-1999, and 2013-2017. His first term focused on economic reforms but was cut short due to tensions with the president. In his second term, he carried out nuclear tests in 1998 in response to India but was ousted by a military coup in 1999. His third and longest term saw both successes like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor as well as failures to resolve political tensions that led to his disqualification and end of his political career in 2017.
This document provides the schedule and agenda for the National Faculty Development Institute on incorporating Japanese studies into the undergraduate curriculum taking place from June 4-22, 2007 at San Diego State University. The schedule includes sessions on the Japanese language, history, society, culture and business led by a variety of experts from Japan, the US and SDSU. Activities include campus tours, visits to cultural sites in LA and San Diego, and a reception with the SDSU president. The goal is to help fellows develop Japanese content for their own undergraduate courses through lectures, discussions and a curriculum development project.
Political Reforms in FATA: Will it End Militancy? (Sayed Wiqar Shah 2012)fatanews
This document summarizes a working paper about political reforms in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. It discusses the history of FATA's governance under British colonial rule and its continuation after independence. It notes the high levels of militancy and presence of al-Qaeda and Taliban in FATA. Recent political reforms aim to introduce mainstream political activities, but their implementation faces issues. The document explores questions around how various stakeholders may react and whether the reforms can help end the current militancy in the region.
The ninth round of India-China military talks were held on Sunday to reduce tensions at the Line of Actual Control in Ladakh. While no breakthrough was achieved, both sides agreed to meet soon to find a mutually agreeable disengagement agreement. There were over 100,000 troops from both sides stationed at the border. India maintained its stance that China must withdraw troops from all disputed areas before India will withdraw from strategic areas. The talks failed to yield any concrete results but both sides reaffirmed their commitment to resolving the issue peacefully through dialogue.
1. Pakistan recently released nine Afghan Taliban prisoners in a move seen as shifting its policy towards facilitating peace in Afghanistan rather than blocking it.
2. This strategic shift is aimed at improving Pakistan's image and role in the Afghanistan endgame by gaining trust of Afghan groups, as stability in Afghanistan benefits Pakistan's counterinsurgency efforts against militants near their shared border.
3. For a political settlement to succeed in Afghanistan, all Afghan factions including the Taliban must be brought to the negotiation table, though it remains unclear if the Afghan government and others will accept the Taliban's key demand of Islamic law.
The document summarizes political events in Pakistan during the 1990s. It describes how President Zia died in a plane crash in 1988. Benazir Bhutto's PPP party formed a government after elections but faced challenges. In 1990, President Khan dismissed Bhutto and new elections brought Nawaz Sharif and the IJI party to power. Sharif implemented economic reforms but faced opposition. Conflict between Sharif and Khan led to both resigning in 1993. After interim elections, Bhutto returned to power but her government faced difficulties and was dismissed in 1996. Sharif then won elections and consolidated power before an attempted replacement of Musharraf led to the military deposing Sharif in 1999.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to understanding Pakistan, including its geopolitical location, fault lines, terrorist groups, and the ideology of Nazariya-e-Pakistan (N-e-P). It discusses how N-e-P was designed as an alternative ideology following Pakistan's defeat in 1971 to position Pakistan as the "Guardian of Islam". It also summarizes the rise of various terrorist organizations operating in Pakistan such as Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). The document outlines the ethno-regional and religious fault lines in Pakistan and the ongoing
Should india talk to civilian government in pakistan:SSB LecGp Dis 27 Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Indo Pak relation has always never been conducive since partition .How ever keeping in view changing world there is definite need for engagement to find solution for benefit of both countries.My friend Brig Gupta has analyzed the same.
Nawaz Sharif served 3 terms as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1990-1993, 1997-1999, and 2013-2017. His first term focused on economic reforms but was cut short due to tensions with the president. In his second term, he carried out nuclear tests in 1998 in response to India but was ousted by a military coup in 1999. His third and longest term saw both successes like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor as well as failures to resolve political tensions that led to his disqualification and end of his political career in 2017.
This document provides the schedule and agenda for the National Faculty Development Institute on incorporating Japanese studies into the undergraduate curriculum taking place from June 4-22, 2007 at San Diego State University. The schedule includes sessions on the Japanese language, history, society, culture and business led by a variety of experts from Japan, the US and SDSU. Activities include campus tours, visits to cultural sites in LA and San Diego, and a reception with the SDSU president. The goal is to help fellows develop Japanese content for their own undergraduate courses through lectures, discussions and a curriculum development project.
El documento presenta información sobre conceptos de mercadeo y gestión de organizaciones. En menos de 3 oraciones, resume lo siguiente: El documento discute las necesidades de los consumidores y la jerarquía de necesidades de Maslow. También presenta conceptos clave como los ciclos de vida de los productos, las 5 funciones principales de una organización, los puntos de contacto con el cliente, y factores a considerar para definir el mercado objetivo y a los competidores. Finalmente, presenta diferentes técnicas de investigación de mercados como las encuestas y entrev
Este documento presenta los conceptos clave del marketing global. Explica las decisiones que deben tomar las empresas sobre si internacionalizarse o no, en qué mercados ingresar y cómo hacerlo. También describe los factores del entorno global que deben considerarse, como el sistema de comercio internacional, factores económicos, políticos y culturales de los países. Finalmente, aborda temas como el desarrollo de programas de marketing global, formas de entrada a mercados, distribución internacional y organización de las actividades de marketing a nivel global.
Vusile Mabongo is a South African citizen seeking a position in project management. He has over 7 years of experience in construction project planning and management. His most recent role was as Site Manager for Tubular Technical Construction managing projects at Medupi Power Station. He holds qualifications in Civil Engineering and Construction Management. References are available from his current and previous employers.
El documento resume la política de empleo en Colombia. Explica que el desempleo se debe a factores coyunturales, estructurales y de fricción. El desempleo afecta principalmente a los jóvenes, mujeres y personas con educación secundaria. El plan del gobierno busca generar 700,000 empleos anuales a través de la estabilización fiscal, impulsar sectores productivos, y reformas a mediano y largo plazo en educación y legislación laboral.
The document summarizes the devastating impacts of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. It discusses how the floods affected over 18 million people, destroyed over 1.7 million homes, and killed nearly 2,000 people. The floods ravaged Pakistan's agricultural sector, destroying over 3.6 million hectares of crops and wiping out 1.5 million livestock. The total estimated damages to agriculture were over $3 billion, including $2.8 billion in lost crops. In addition, the floods severely damaged Pakistan's irrigation systems and infrastructure.
Villa 55 is located at 200 Ft SEZ Road, NH8, Ajmer Road, Jaipur (Raj). It is a well-planned Housing Project with luxurious Villas. It’s surrounded by all major facilities like Health Care Facilities, Educational Institutions, Easy connectivity from city etc.
This document contains the resume of Mary Lovely Gil D. Gumba. It outlines her contact information, education history including graduating from PATTS College of Aeronautics in 2012 with a degree in airline business administration. Her professional experience includes her current role as a Process Associate at DHL Global Forwarding since 2014 where she helps develop and maintain data quality in their SAP system. It also lists previous roles and trainings. Areas of expertise include data analysis, SAP systems, and Microsoft Office applications.
Este documento resume un seminario sobre la recopilación y manejo de información en odontología. Explica que las ciencias médicas son inexactas, por lo que la evidencia proviene de estudios clínicos y poblacionales ordenados por jerarquía. Presenta el acrónimo PICOT para definir preguntas científicas y realizar búsquedas. Aplica este método para preguntar si los implantes dentales en pacientes con bifosfonatos aumentan el riesgo de osteonecrosis mandibular. La mejor evidencia encont
The document provides information on the current political situation in Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover in August 2021. It discusses the formation of the new Taliban government, with Mullah Hasan Akhund as the new head of state. It also mentions appointments of other Taliban leaders to key positions like defense minister and foreign minister. The document raises concerns about the lack of inclusiveness and presence of hardliners in the new government. It discusses international reactions and calls for an inclusive government in Afghanistan.
1. The document discusses approaches to peacebuilding in Nepal following periods of conflict, including utilitarian and unity-criticism-unity approaches.
2. A key milestone was the 12-point agreement in 2005 between communist parties and Maoist rebels against the monarchy, establishing a republic and multiparty democracy.
3. Further peace accords in 2006 formally ended the 11-year civil war and led to elections for a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution.
The document discusses the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It argues that the Taliban are not a product of Pashtun nationalism but rather a specific interpretation of Islam. It traces the roots of the Taliban to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s, when Pakistan and the US supported militant groups like the mujahideen. After the Soviets withdrew, these groups battled each other and the Taliban rose to power in the 1990s with support from Pakistan. The 9/11 attacks caused the US to work with Pakistan against the Taliban. This led to insurgencies by groups like the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan in the Pashtun areas along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. While some Pasht
The document provides information on terrorism in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. It discusses the geography of FATA, major militant groups operating there like Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, Lashkar-e-Islam and Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, military operations against these groups, and root causes of militancy such as weak governance and proximity to conflict in Afghanistan.
The document provides an overview of terrorism in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. It discusses the geography and demographics of FATA. It then outlines the major militant groups operating in the region, including the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI). The document also summarizes several military operations conducted in FATA to counter militancy, such as Operation Zarb-e-Azb and Operation Rah-e-Rast.
secterian violence and banned militant organizations in pakistanm_qasami
Sectarian violence in Pakistan has increased significantly in recent years. Several militant groups are involved in sectarian attacks and targeted killings, including Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Sipah-e-Sahaba, and Tehrik-e-Jafria. The government has banned many of these groups but they continue operations. Recommendations to reduce sectarian violence include promoting inter-faith dialogue, madrassa reforms to de-emphasize sectarianism, and enforcing bans on violent groups.
The Development of Human Rights after Nepal Civil War.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The Development of Human Rights after Nepal Civil War
Chapter 1
List of Acronyms
CPN - Communist Party of Nepal
UNMIN - Political Mission in Nepal
UNHRC - United Nations Human Rights Council
UNICEF - United Nations International Children'sEmergency Fund
UN - United Nations
This paper is focused on the implementation of 7.1. Human Rights on Comprehensive Peace Agreement that was signed by the government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). Although both of the government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal had signed the peace agreement, they’re not obey the rules on the peace agreement. The below is content about human rights that cited from Peace Accords Matrix:
‘7.1. Human Rights:
7.1.1. Both sides reiterate their commitment to the respect and protection of human rights and the international humanitarian laws and agree that no individual shall be discriminated on the basis of colour, gender, language, religion, age, race, nationality or social origin, property, disability, birth and other status and thought or belief.
7.1.2. Both sides agree to create an atmosphere where the Nepali people can enjoy their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and are committed to ensuring that such rights are not violated under any circumstances in the future.
7.1.3. Both sides express their commitment that impartial investigation shall be carried out and lawful action would be taken against individuals responsible for obstructions in the exercise of the rights contained in the agreement and guarantee not to encourage impunity. Apart from this, they shall also guarantee the right to relief of the families of victims of conflict, torture and disappearance.
7.1.4. Both sides shall refrain from inflicting torture, kidnapping and coercing the ordinary people to any work, and shall take necessary actions to discourage such acts.
7.1.5. Both sides shall respect the social, cultural and religious sensitivities, and the protection of religious sites and beliefs of any individual based on the values and norms of secularism,
7.3.1. Both sides respect and protect the right to individual dignity. In this connection, no person including those deprived of the enjoyment of freedom under law shall be subjected to torture or any other cruel, inhuman or degrading behaviour or punishment. The citizen's lawful right to privacy shall be respected.
7.3.2. Both sides shall fully respect the individual's right to freedom and security, shall not keep anyone under arbitrary or illegal detention, and shall not kidnap or hold anybody captive in a like manner. Both sides agree to make public the status of every individual disappeared and held captive and provide such information to their family members, legal counsel, and any other authorized persons.
7.3.3. Both sides shall respect and protect the citizens' right to freedom of movement and the right to choose the location of one's residence in a manner acceptable under.
Struggle for Rights and Reforms in Pakistan Tribal Areas (Nov 2014 Report)fatanews
Link: http://bit.ly/fatareport | As Printed in the November 2014 Report: FATA Faces FATA Voices.
Shackled for more than one hundred years under an outdated British law, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan has been plagued by instability extending well beyond its colonial-era border with Afghanistan. Excluded from essential provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the tribal areas are administered through a legal and administrative regulation known as the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR), originally imposed in 1901. No act of the Parliament of Pakistan applies to FATA unless extended by special orders from the President of Pakistan. Furthermore and despite the continuous struggle of the people there, FATA enjoys no elected representation at local or provincial levels, and until 1996 tribal citizens had no universal voting rights in elections for the National Assembly of Pakistan.
The document discusses the role and history of major political parties in Pakistan. It provides background information on each party, including the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N), Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q), Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), and Awami National Party (ANP). It notes that the PPP is the largest party and has been active since 1967, while the PML-N is the second biggest party led by Nawaz Sharif. The PTI was founded by Imran Khan in 1996 and has emerged as a counterweight to the PPP
Pakistan is an Islamic republic located in South Asia, bordering Central Asia and the Middle East. It has four provinces and several federally administered areas and territories. The population is over 165 million, with Islam the dominant religion. Urdu and English are the official languages. Recent events in Pakistan include the Taliban flogging of a teenage girl in April 2009 and declaring judicial independence in the Swat valley. There are concerns over the imposition of Islamic law and its effects on women's rights, as well as the revival of the Taliban system of justice and whether the government can exert control over areas held by militants.
El documento presenta información sobre conceptos de mercadeo y gestión de organizaciones. En menos de 3 oraciones, resume lo siguiente: El documento discute las necesidades de los consumidores y la jerarquía de necesidades de Maslow. También presenta conceptos clave como los ciclos de vida de los productos, las 5 funciones principales de una organización, los puntos de contacto con el cliente, y factores a considerar para definir el mercado objetivo y a los competidores. Finalmente, presenta diferentes técnicas de investigación de mercados como las encuestas y entrev
Este documento presenta los conceptos clave del marketing global. Explica las decisiones que deben tomar las empresas sobre si internacionalizarse o no, en qué mercados ingresar y cómo hacerlo. También describe los factores del entorno global que deben considerarse, como el sistema de comercio internacional, factores económicos, políticos y culturales de los países. Finalmente, aborda temas como el desarrollo de programas de marketing global, formas de entrada a mercados, distribución internacional y organización de las actividades de marketing a nivel global.
Vusile Mabongo is a South African citizen seeking a position in project management. He has over 7 years of experience in construction project planning and management. His most recent role was as Site Manager for Tubular Technical Construction managing projects at Medupi Power Station. He holds qualifications in Civil Engineering and Construction Management. References are available from his current and previous employers.
El documento resume la política de empleo en Colombia. Explica que el desempleo se debe a factores coyunturales, estructurales y de fricción. El desempleo afecta principalmente a los jóvenes, mujeres y personas con educación secundaria. El plan del gobierno busca generar 700,000 empleos anuales a través de la estabilización fiscal, impulsar sectores productivos, y reformas a mediano y largo plazo en educación y legislación laboral.
The document summarizes the devastating impacts of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. It discusses how the floods affected over 18 million people, destroyed over 1.7 million homes, and killed nearly 2,000 people. The floods ravaged Pakistan's agricultural sector, destroying over 3.6 million hectares of crops and wiping out 1.5 million livestock. The total estimated damages to agriculture were over $3 billion, including $2.8 billion in lost crops. In addition, the floods severely damaged Pakistan's irrigation systems and infrastructure.
Villa 55 is located at 200 Ft SEZ Road, NH8, Ajmer Road, Jaipur (Raj). It is a well-planned Housing Project with luxurious Villas. It’s surrounded by all major facilities like Health Care Facilities, Educational Institutions, Easy connectivity from city etc.
This document contains the resume of Mary Lovely Gil D. Gumba. It outlines her contact information, education history including graduating from PATTS College of Aeronautics in 2012 with a degree in airline business administration. Her professional experience includes her current role as a Process Associate at DHL Global Forwarding since 2014 where she helps develop and maintain data quality in their SAP system. It also lists previous roles and trainings. Areas of expertise include data analysis, SAP systems, and Microsoft Office applications.
Este documento resume un seminario sobre la recopilación y manejo de información en odontología. Explica que las ciencias médicas son inexactas, por lo que la evidencia proviene de estudios clínicos y poblacionales ordenados por jerarquía. Presenta el acrónimo PICOT para definir preguntas científicas y realizar búsquedas. Aplica este método para preguntar si los implantes dentales en pacientes con bifosfonatos aumentan el riesgo de osteonecrosis mandibular. La mejor evidencia encont
The document provides information on the current political situation in Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover in August 2021. It discusses the formation of the new Taliban government, with Mullah Hasan Akhund as the new head of state. It also mentions appointments of other Taliban leaders to key positions like defense minister and foreign minister. The document raises concerns about the lack of inclusiveness and presence of hardliners in the new government. It discusses international reactions and calls for an inclusive government in Afghanistan.
1. The document discusses approaches to peacebuilding in Nepal following periods of conflict, including utilitarian and unity-criticism-unity approaches.
2. A key milestone was the 12-point agreement in 2005 between communist parties and Maoist rebels against the monarchy, establishing a republic and multiparty democracy.
3. Further peace accords in 2006 formally ended the 11-year civil war and led to elections for a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution.
The document discusses the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It argues that the Taliban are not a product of Pashtun nationalism but rather a specific interpretation of Islam. It traces the roots of the Taliban to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s, when Pakistan and the US supported militant groups like the mujahideen. After the Soviets withdrew, these groups battled each other and the Taliban rose to power in the 1990s with support from Pakistan. The 9/11 attacks caused the US to work with Pakistan against the Taliban. This led to insurgencies by groups like the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan in the Pashtun areas along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. While some Pasht
The document provides information on terrorism in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. It discusses the geography of FATA, major militant groups operating there like Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, Lashkar-e-Islam and Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, military operations against these groups, and root causes of militancy such as weak governance and proximity to conflict in Afghanistan.
The document provides an overview of terrorism in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. It discusses the geography and demographics of FATA. It then outlines the major militant groups operating in the region, including the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI). The document also summarizes several military operations conducted in FATA to counter militancy, such as Operation Zarb-e-Azb and Operation Rah-e-Rast.
secterian violence and banned militant organizations in pakistanm_qasami
Sectarian violence in Pakistan has increased significantly in recent years. Several militant groups are involved in sectarian attacks and targeted killings, including Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Sipah-e-Sahaba, and Tehrik-e-Jafria. The government has banned many of these groups but they continue operations. Recommendations to reduce sectarian violence include promoting inter-faith dialogue, madrassa reforms to de-emphasize sectarianism, and enforcing bans on violent groups.
The Development of Human Rights after Nepal Civil War.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The Development of Human Rights after Nepal Civil War
Chapter 1
List of Acronyms
CPN - Communist Party of Nepal
UNMIN - Political Mission in Nepal
UNHRC - United Nations Human Rights Council
UNICEF - United Nations International Children'sEmergency Fund
UN - United Nations
This paper is focused on the implementation of 7.1. Human Rights on Comprehensive Peace Agreement that was signed by the government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). Although both of the government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal had signed the peace agreement, they’re not obey the rules on the peace agreement. The below is content about human rights that cited from Peace Accords Matrix:
‘7.1. Human Rights:
7.1.1. Both sides reiterate their commitment to the respect and protection of human rights and the international humanitarian laws and agree that no individual shall be discriminated on the basis of colour, gender, language, religion, age, race, nationality or social origin, property, disability, birth and other status and thought or belief.
7.1.2. Both sides agree to create an atmosphere where the Nepali people can enjoy their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and are committed to ensuring that such rights are not violated under any circumstances in the future.
7.1.3. Both sides express their commitment that impartial investigation shall be carried out and lawful action would be taken against individuals responsible for obstructions in the exercise of the rights contained in the agreement and guarantee not to encourage impunity. Apart from this, they shall also guarantee the right to relief of the families of victims of conflict, torture and disappearance.
7.1.4. Both sides shall refrain from inflicting torture, kidnapping and coercing the ordinary people to any work, and shall take necessary actions to discourage such acts.
7.1.5. Both sides shall respect the social, cultural and religious sensitivities, and the protection of religious sites and beliefs of any individual based on the values and norms of secularism,
7.3.1. Both sides respect and protect the right to individual dignity. In this connection, no person including those deprived of the enjoyment of freedom under law shall be subjected to torture or any other cruel, inhuman or degrading behaviour or punishment. The citizen's lawful right to privacy shall be respected.
7.3.2. Both sides shall fully respect the individual's right to freedom and security, shall not keep anyone under arbitrary or illegal detention, and shall not kidnap or hold anybody captive in a like manner. Both sides agree to make public the status of every individual disappeared and held captive and provide such information to their family members, legal counsel, and any other authorized persons.
7.3.3. Both sides shall respect and protect the citizens' right to freedom of movement and the right to choose the location of one's residence in a manner acceptable under.
Struggle for Rights and Reforms in Pakistan Tribal Areas (Nov 2014 Report)fatanews
Link: http://bit.ly/fatareport | As Printed in the November 2014 Report: FATA Faces FATA Voices.
Shackled for more than one hundred years under an outdated British law, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan has been plagued by instability extending well beyond its colonial-era border with Afghanistan. Excluded from essential provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the tribal areas are administered through a legal and administrative regulation known as the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR), originally imposed in 1901. No act of the Parliament of Pakistan applies to FATA unless extended by special orders from the President of Pakistan. Furthermore and despite the continuous struggle of the people there, FATA enjoys no elected representation at local or provincial levels, and until 1996 tribal citizens had no universal voting rights in elections for the National Assembly of Pakistan.
The document discusses the role and history of major political parties in Pakistan. It provides background information on each party, including the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N), Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q), Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), and Awami National Party (ANP). It notes that the PPP is the largest party and has been active since 1967, while the PML-N is the second biggest party led by Nawaz Sharif. The PTI was founded by Imran Khan in 1996 and has emerged as a counterweight to the PPP
Pakistan is an Islamic republic located in South Asia, bordering Central Asia and the Middle East. It has four provinces and several federally administered areas and territories. The population is over 165 million, with Islam the dominant religion. Urdu and English are the official languages. Recent events in Pakistan include the Taliban flogging of a teenage girl in April 2009 and declaring judicial independence in the Swat valley. There are concerns over the imposition of Islamic law and its effects on women's rights, as well as the revival of the Taliban system of justice and whether the government can exert control over areas held by militants.
Similar to Peace_Talks_with_Pakistani_Taliban (10)
1.
In late December 2012, Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
(TTP), the banned umbrella group of the Pakistani
Taliban, offered peace negotiations to Pakistan’s
government. The ceasefire offer led to an intense
debate in the print and electronic media as well as in
policy circles over how to respond. Both the
government and opposition political parties are
considering TTP’s peace offer seriously as TTP has
the potential to sabotage the upcoming parliamentary
elections due in May 2013. The TTP, however, may
well be using the circumstances of upcoming
elections and the American withdrawal from
Afghanistan to push through peace talks in order to
squeeze out maximum concessions from a weak
Pakistani government.
Ever since the ceasefire offer, political parties have
been trying to create a consensus for a roadmap on
negotiations with the TTP. To facilitate this, two All-
Party Conferences (APCs) were convened.
The first APC was held on 14 February 2013 by the
Awami National Party (ANP), a secular Pakhtun
nationalist party and former ruler of the northwestern
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. The second
APC was convened on 28 February 2013 in
Islamabad by the right wing Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Fazal (JUI-F). Both conferences supported peace
talks with the Taliban. However, the TTP rejected the
former as an election stunt and accepted the latter.
Notwithstanding their acceptance of TTP’s peace
offers, Pakistani political parties do not have a clear
strategy and vision for conducting peace talks. At the
same time, the powerful military establishment has
also distanced itself from the two APCs.
Before looking at the pros and cons of the recent
peace offer by the Pakistani Taliban, it is worth
mentioning that previous peace agreements failed to
restore peace in the restive tribal regions along the
Pak-Afghan border. Major peace agreements in the
past include: the Shakai Agreement in 2004,
Sararogha Agreement in 2005, Miranshah
Agreement in 2006 and Swat Peace Agreement in
2009. These agreements were directly negotiated by
the Pakistani military except in the case of Swat
which was negotiated by the ANP through Maulana
Sufi Muhammad. Furthermore, these accords were
signed by the government from a position of
weakness and the militants gained significant
concessions as a result of them. The government was
unable to enforce its demand to disarm the militants
and enforce its writ in Taliban-dominated areas. As a
result, the Taliban further strengthened its grip over
the regions it dominated and expanded to settled
parts of the KP province.
Taliban Demands and Offers
Initially, the ceasefire offer came from Asmatullah
Muawiya, chief of the Punjabi Taliban, in a letter to
a well-known Geo News journalist and news anchor
Salim Safi. Muawiya demanded Shariah law in
Pakistan’s constitution and asked the government to
withdraw its support for the US-led War on Terror in
Afghanistan. In return, the TTP would negotiate with
the Pakistani government.
On 3 February 2013 in a videotaped message, TTP’s
central spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan confirmed the
demands forwarded by Muawiya, and said his group
was ready for meaningful negotiation with the
government. Ehsan’s video message was followed
up by another message from the TTP chief
Hakeemullah Mehsud. Reiterating the offer for peace
talks he said: “we believe in dialogue, but it should
be taken seriously. TTP will not lay down weapons
and its jihad in Pakistan will continue until the
existing system is replaced with Shariah.”
The TTP has also proposed three national political
leaders – the Pakistan Muslim LeagueNawaz (PML-
Arshad Ali
Peace Talks with the Pakistani Taliban:
Challenges and Prospects
2. N) president Nawaz Sharif, JUI-F chief Maulana
Fazlur Rehman and Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) head Syed
Munawar Hasan – as guarantors to ensure that the
government honors any peace deal that is inked. TTP
also demanded that the government release Taliban
leaders Haji Muslim Khan (the former TTP
spokesman for Swat), Maulvi Omar (former central
spokesman for the TTP) and Mahmud Khan (senior
Taliban commander in Swat) as a first step towards
the peace talks. However, the government has
rejected the TTP’s demands to release their top
leaders. Commentators and policy makers doubt the
seriousness of the TTP’s ceasefire offer and see the
move as an attempt to buy time and avoid military
operations due to public pressure. The TTP has lost
public support in Pakistani tribal areas due to its
attacks on the civilian population.
Challenges Posed by Peace Talks with the Taliban
Firstly, the Taliban have often used peace deals as a
tactic to regroup and reorganize. They then wait to
find a convenient time to break the truce and strike
back against the state with greater strength. Many
analysts believe that the current offer of peace
negotiations by TTP is actually a ruse to allow it to
regroup and reorganize in those areas where it has
lost control after successful military operations.
Secondly, the TTP is not a unified group and is
reportedly divided into several different factions.
The current TTP chief Hakeemullah Mehsud does
not have complete control over the entire group.
Therefore, a peace deal with one group will not mean
that the rest of the Taliban groups will accept it.
Thirdly, talking with the Taliban would legitimize its
terrorist activities in the past which have left more
than 50,000 people killed or injured, including
prominent public leaders and security personnel.
More importantly, peace talks with the Taliban sends
a message to local people that the TTP leadership is
strong enough to negotiate with Pakistan’s top
government officials. Consequently, the TTP
becomes stronger and boosts its image at the local
level. Furthermore, negotiations would suppress the
anti-Taliban voice in the restive regions where TTP
operate in and encourages their own sympathizers.
Fourthly, there is a strong ideological and
operational nexus among the TTP, Lashkar-eJhangvi
(LeJ), Al Qaeda and other local and foreign militants
outfits based in the Federally Administered Tribal
Areas (FATA). These militant groups have
conducted several terrorist attacks in Pakistan and
consequently, accepting the TTP’s demands would
amount to an admission of defeat by the state.
Finally, the Taliban will not lay down its arms even
after the peace accords. This is because it has killed
prominent tribal elders and community leaders in the
localities in which it operates, and the Pashtun tribal
code, or Pashtunwali, calls for revenge which locals
would most likely take once the militants become
disarmed. According to Pashtunwali, a Pashtun lives
by four things: nang (honor), badal (revenge), turah
(bravery) and milmastiya (hospitality), therefore the
militants would not surrender their arms despite
amnesty from the government. For instance, Ibni
Amin, TTP Swat Chapter’s top operational
commander, refused to disarm for the same reason
after the peace agreement in Swat in 2009.
The Way Forward
It has been noted that the Taliban will not lay down
its arms and those who think peace talks would create
a path to peace are mistaken. The TTP is against the
notion of a Pakistani state and presents a threat to
national sovereignty. Also, it has expanded its
control beyond FATA and has active terrorist cells
across the country, particularly in the province of
Punjab and port city of Karachi. Peace talks are thus
not the appropriate solution to restore peace in the
country.
Instead, peace talks would provide an opportunity for
the militants to reorganize and strike back with more
strength. A military operation is a more appropriate
strategy as the military has successfully cleared some
parts in the northwest of Pakistan, including Orakzai
Agency, South Waziristan Agency and Malakand
division in KP.
In a statement at the Military Academy in Kakul on
14 August 2012 - Pakistan’s National Day –
Pakistani Army Chief General Ashfaq Parvez
Kayani said that “no state can afford a parallel
system or a militant force.” The Pakistani military
has also realized that the internal security threat is the
primary challenge posed to national security, a
3. thinking that has been reflected in amendments to
Pakistan’s army doctrine manual, the Green Book.
However, the military needs political will as well as
public support to conduct a successful military
operation against the TTP. To achieve any progress,
the political and military leadership needs to work
together in order to completely defeat Taliban
militancy in Pakistan. ——
Arshad Ali is an Analyst with ICPVTR.