optanical elements

1. BOTANICAL
ELEMENTS
NAME: MENNA MOHAMED SHAHAT
SEC 2
SUBJECT DESIGN AND SITE
COORDINATION
DR DOAA WAFEK
DR MICHAEL ZAKARIA

2. N
Plant
name
Plant
photo
Dimensions
Distinctive features
Coordination
value
Plant
drawi
ng
Obser
vatio
ns Height
Spread
Growth
Flowers
1
SAGO
PALM
About 6 to
10 feet tall
spread of 4
to 6 feet
Sago palms have a
slow growth rate,
taking several
years to reach
maturity and
typically growing
only a few inches
per year,
especially in their
youth.
Sago palms are
dioecious, with
separate male and
female plants. Their
flowers appear as
cone-like structures:
elongated for males
and broader for
females.
are highly regarded in
landscaping due to
their unique
appearance, slow
growth, adaptability,
and ability to enhance
aesthetic appeal, add
structure, and
complement other
plants.
From
college
2
Australian
laurel
around 6 to
10 feet (1.8
to 3 meters)
it can reach
heights of
up to 15 feet
(4.5 meters)
or more.
ranging from
6 to 10 feet
(1.8 to 3
meters).
Australian laurel
typically grows in a
dense, rounded
form, reaching
heights of up to 10
feet or more under
optimal conditions.
Pittosporum tobira,
an Australian laurel,
is a popular plant
due to its fragrant
white flowers, glossy
green foliage, and
attractive visual
appeal.
Australian laurel, a
versatile plant with
dense green foliage
and fragrant white
flowers, is highly valued
in landscaping and
garden design due to
its aesthetic appeal.
From
college
3
Purple
lantana
around 1 to
2 feet (30 to
60
centimeters)
a spread of 2
to 3 feet (60
to 90
centimeters)
grows from spring
to fall, producing
new foliage, stems,
and flowers. It's
most vigorous
during warmer
months, with
growth slowing
down in colder
regions.
Purple lantana, a
vibrant plant,
produces tubular
flowers in clusters,
attracting pollinators
and adding color to
gardens and
landscapes, making
it a popular choice
for outdoor spaces.
Purple Lantana, a
vibrant, low-
maintenance plant,
enhances landscaping
and garden designs by
providing ground
coverage, wildlife
attraction, and
aesthetic value.
From
college

3. N
Plant
name
Plant
photo
Dimensions
Distinctive features
Coordination
value
Plant
drawi
ng
Obser
vatio
ns Height
Spread
Growth
Flowers
4
Loropetalum
Chinese
reaching
heights of 6
to 10 feet
(1.8 to 3
meters) tall
typically
ranges from
4 to 8 feet
(1.2 to 2.4
meters)
a Chinese fringe
flower, thrives in
spring and early
summer, producing
new foliage, stems,
and flowers,
making it ideal for
planting, pruning,
and maintenance.
Loropetalum's
distinctive fringe-like
flowers, blooming in
clusters in pink, red,
or white, add vibrant
color to gardens
from late winter to
early spring.
Loropetalum is a
versatile plant suitable
for landscapes,
hedges, borders, and
mass plantings, with
colorful foliage and
flowers adding visual
interest to gardens and
mixed borders.
From
college
5
Areca
palm
reach
heights of 6
to 12 feet
(1.8 to 3.7
meters)
indoors, and
up to 20 to
30 feet (6 to
9 meters)
outdoors
so for a palm
that reaches
6 feet in
height, the
spread might
be around 3
feet.
can grow
moderately, but
with proper care
and attention, they
can become lush
and healthy
specimens.
Patience and
consistent care are
crucial.
The Areca palm's
flowers, typically
yellowish or
greenish, are small,
inconspicuous, and
cluster in clusters on
long, branching
inflorescences
emerging from the
crown shaft.
Areca palms are
popular for
landscaping due to
their graceful
appearance, tropical
vibe, and versatility.
From
college
6
Dragon
tree
indoors from
4 to 10 feet,
some
reaching 15
feet, and
even 20 feet
(6 meters)
or more.
indoors can
range from 2
to 5 feet (0.6
to 1.5 meters)
or more
slow and steady,
requiring patience
and consistent
care. Monitoring
and providing
appropriate care
ensure healthy
development and
a thriving plant.
Dragon trees'
fragrant, small
flowers, typically
white or pale yellow,
are clustered on
long, slender stalks
emerging from the
crown shaft.
Dragon tree is highly
valuable in
landscaping and
interior design due to its
unique appearance,
versatility, and ease of
care.
From
college

4. N
Plant
name
Plant
photo
Dimensions
Distinctive features
Coordination
value
Plant
drawi
ng
Obser
vatio
ns Height
Spread
Growth
Flowers
7
Mediterrane
an cypress
can reach
impressive
heights of 40
to 60 feet
(12 to 18
meters) or
more
They
typically
have a
spread of 10
to 20 feet (3
to 6 meters)
at maturity
Mediterranean
cypress trees' slow
to moderate
growth requires
patience and
consistent care for
long-term success
in the landscape.
The Mediterranean
cypress flowers are
small, inconspicuous
structures on the
ends of its branches,
appearing as tiny
spherical structures.
Mediterranean cypress
is highly valued in
landscaping and
garden design due to
its iconic stature,
elegant form, and
versatility.
From
college
8
Chinese
Arborvitae
typically
grows to
heights of 20
to 50 feet (6
to 15
meters) tall.
with a spread
of 10 to 20
feet (3 to 6
meters).
an evergreen tree,
has a moderate
growth rate, able to
achieve several
inches of growth
per year under
optimal conditions.
Chinese Arborvitae
flowers are small,
inconspicuous
structures found on
the tips of branches,
appearing as tiny
structures.
Chinese Arborvitae is
highly valuable in
landscaping and
garden design due to
its versatile nature,
attractive foliage, and
functional attributes.
From
college
9
Weeping
fig
it can reach
heights of
up to 50 feet
(15 meters)
or more.
can have a
spread
ranging from
3 to 10 feet
(approximat
ely 1 to 3
meters) or
more.
Weeping Figs grow
over several years,
requiring proper
care and growing
conditions to
maintain their
health and vibrant
appearance.
Weeping fig flowers
are small, greenish
to yellowish,
clustered along leaf
axils and enclosed
within a unique
inflorescence called
a syconium.
Landscape and interior
design utilize plants for
their aesthetic appeal,
versatility, and ability to
create shapes,
screens, living walls,
and be pruned for a
naturalistic look.
From
college

5. N
Plant
name
Plant
photo
Dimensions
Distinctive features
Coordination
value
Plant
drawi
ng
Obser
vatio
ns Height
Spread
Growth
Flowers
10
Queen of
Thorns
can reach
heights of up
to 3 feet (1
meter) tall.
The spread
can range
from
several
inches to a
few feet.
grows gradually
over months to
years, requiring
optimal conditions
and consistent
care for healthy
growth and
environmental
thrive.
The Queen of Thorns'
flowers, with their
vibrant colors and
long-lasting blooms,
add beauty and
charm to indoor and
outdoor spaces,
making them an
excellent choice for
gardens and plant
collections.
a versatile plant with
ornamental appeal
that enhances the
aesthetic and
functional aspects of
gardens, landscapes,
and indoor spaces.
From
college
11
Mexican fan
palm
can reach 40-
60 feet tall,
with ideal
conditions
reaching up
to 100 feet (30
meters) tall.
ranges from
10 to 15
feet (3 to
4.5 meters).
are highly valued
for their rapid
growth.
Mexican fan palms
produce small,
creamy-white
flowers that are held
on long, arching
stalks called
inflorescences.
are popular
ornamental trees in
landscaping, creating
tropical or
Mediterranean
ambiances, providing
shade and visual
interest in streets, parks,
and residential yards.
12
Conocarpus
Erectus
grows to
heights of 20
to 40 feet (6
to 12 meters)
but can reach
heights of up
to 60 feet (18
meters).
can range
from
approximat
ely 20 to 40
feet (6 to 12
meters) or
more.
Conocarpus
erectus, also
known as
buttonwood or
button mangrove,
grows moderately
to fast, especially
in its early stages.
produces small,
inconspicuous
flowers in cylindrical
spikes called
catkins, typically
greenish white,
which are pollinated
by wind.
Buttonwood, a versatile
tree with salt and wind
tolerance, is ideal for
coastal gardens, parks,
and urban landscapes
due to its dense foliage
providing privacy and
screening.

6. N
Plant
name
Plant
photo
Dimensions
Distinctive features
Coordination
value
Plant
drawi
ng
Obser
vatio
ns Height
Spread
Growth
Flowers
13
Camphor
basil
grows to a
height of
about 2 to 3
feet (60 to 90
centimeters).
have a
spread of
approximat
ely 1 to 2
feet (30 to
60
centimeters
) or slightly
more.
grows during
warmer spring and
summer months,
with continuous
growth in mild
winter regions or
indoors, depending
on local climate
conditions.
produces small,
inconspicuous
flowers that are
typically white or
pale purple in color.
The coordination value
of camphor basil lies
primarily in its aromatic
foliage, culinary uses,
and ornamental
appeal.
14
River
Redgum
often
reaching
heights
between 82
to 148 feet (25
to 45 meters).
can spread
outwards to
approximat
ely 33 to 49
feet (10 to
15 meters)
or more.
The growth of River
Red Gum can be
characterized as
rapid in its early
years, slowing
down as it
matures.
produces clusters of
small, creamy-white
flowers that are
borne in profusion
during the flowering
season.
is a valuable addition
to sustainable outdoor
landscaping designs
due to its aesthetic
appeal, versatility,
wildlife habitat
provision, erosion
control, shade
provision, and cultural
significance.
15
Cuban
Royal Palm
often
reaching
heights of 50
to 80 feet (15
to 24 meters)
or even taller.
leaves can
span up to
15 feet (4.5
meters) in
diameter or
more.
the growth of
Cuban Royal Palms
is characterized by
slow initial growth
followed by
accelerated
growth with
maturity.
produces large,
showy clusters of
flowers that emerge
from among the
leaves near the top
of the tree.
a valuable addition to
sustainable outdoor
landscaping designs
due to its aesthetic
appeal, versatility,
wildlife habitat
provision, erosion
control, shade
provision, and cultural
significance.

7. N
Plant
name
Plant
photo
Dimensions
Distinctive features
Coordination
value
Plant
drawi
ng
Obser
vatio
ns Height
Spread
Growth
Flowers
16
Narrow-
Leaved
Ragwort
reach heights
ranging from
about 30 to
100
centimeters
(12 to 39
inches) tall.
may have
a diameter
ranging
from a few
centimeters
to around
30
centimeters
(12 inches).
grows during warmer
months, influenced by
environmental factors
like temperature,
moisture, and daylight
hours, exhibiting its
growth cycle.
produces clusters
of small, daisy-
like flowers that
are typically
bright yellow in
color.
due to its invasive
nature, is actively
managed to prevent its
proliferation and
protect native plant
communities,
outweighing its
aesthetic benefits in
landscaping.
17
Roxburgh fig
can grow up
to 30 meters
(98 feet) tall.
diameters
ranging
from 1 to 2
meters (3 to
6 feet) or
more.
The Roxburgh fig is a
fast-growing tree that
can grow significantly
with proper care and
maintenance.
The Roxburgh
fig's small,
inconspicuous
flowers are
crucial for its
reproductive
cycle, pollinated
by fig wasps,
essential for seed
production and
genetic material
dispersal.
is high due to its
ecosystem services,
but its specific value
depends on location,
growing conditions,
and management
practices.
18
Jujube
can reach
heights of 5 to
10 meters (16
to 33 feet).
and
spreads of
4 to 8
meters (13
to 26 feet).
Jujube trees are slow-
growing fruit trees,
typically growing 30 to
60 centimeters per
year under optimal
conditions.
produces small,
greenish-yellow
flowers on short
stalks in clusters
in leaf axils,
appearing where
leaves join the
stem and are not
showy.
is high due to its
ecosystem services,
but its specific value
depends on location,
growing conditions,
and management
practices.

8. N
Plant
name
Plant
photo
Dimensions
Distinctive features
Coordination
value
Plant
drawi
ng
Obser
vatio
ns Height
Spread
Growth
Flowers
19
Tipu
can reach
heights of up
to 25 meters
(82 feet) or
more.
and have a
spread of
15 to 20
meters (49
to 66 feet)
or more.
Tipu trees are valued
for their attractive
appearance, fast
growth rate, and ease
of cultivation.
The plant
produces yellow,
pea-like flowers
in terminal
panicles,
pollinated by
bees and insects,
followed by long
seed pods
dispersed by
wind and water.
The Tipu tree is a
versatile and attractive
tree species that
enhances the beauty
and functionality of
outdoor spaces,
making it highly
valuable in
landscaping.
20
Date-palm
can reach
heights of up
to 20 meters
(66 feet) or
more.
and have a
spread of 6
to 9 meters
(20 to 30
feet) or
more.
They are relatively
slow-growing trees
that can provide years
of enjoyment for home
gardeners and
landscapers.
The Tipu tree is a
versatile and
attractive tree
species that
enhances the
beauty and
functionality of
outdoor spaces,
making it highly
valuable in
landscaping.
The date palm is a
versatile tree species
known for its
ornamental qualities,
shade, wind protection,
and edible fruit,
enhancing outdoor
spaces' beauty and
functionality.

9. REFERENCES
1. "Phoenix dactylifera L. — The Plant List".
www.theplantlist.org. Archived from the original on 17
April 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
2. "Phoenix dactylifera". Germplasm Resources
Information Network. Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10
December 2017.
3. "Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of
the World Online. Archived from the original on 4
March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
4. Krueger, Robert R. "Date Palm Genetic Resource
Conservation, Breeding, Genetics, And Genomics In
California" (PDF). The Conference Exchange. Archived
(PDF) from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 26
March 2018.
5. fĕro. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin
Dictionary on Perseus Project.