Pak Imam Prasodjo shared how a Javanese Diasporan could value add to their original birthplace. In his personal example, he spoke about how he was able to garner support from his home village to replant the forest that was lost through deforestation.

1. PAYING BACK TO MY HOME VILLAGE
THROUGH THE REACTIVATION OF
PARTICIPATORY VILLAGE
DEVELOPMENT (GOTONG-ROYONG)
Imam B. Prasodjo

2. cus
ADAT
nation
ADAT
MODERN
NATION
ADATADATADATADATADAT
ETHNIC RACE RELIGION
ADAT
CLASS
nationnation
STATE
INDONESIA
AS A MULTICULTURAL
NATION STATE
More than
700 ethnic
groups
and all major
religions
70.611
villages
with
distinct
customary
laws
More than
50 ethno-nations
Customary
Community
Identity
Groups
and Classes
Etho-nations
Modern Nation State

3. The Goals of
the State of Indonesia
• Protect all the people of Indonesia and
their entire native land,
• Improve the public welfare
• Advance the intellectual life of the
people
• Contribute to the establishment of a
world order based on freedom, abiding
peace and social justice

4. 4
Economists with Guns:
Authoritarian Development and U.S.-Indonesian Relations, 1960-1968
Bradley R. Simpson
Stanford University Press 2008
TOP-DOWN
DEVELOPMENT BY
FORCE (GUNS)

5. The Increasing Inequality

6. Economic equality in Indonesia

7. Source: Euromonitor International from national statisticsNote: Data for 2020 are forecasts
■Between 2006 and 2011, Indonesia's Gini coefficient rose from 33.0% to 37.7%, reflecting
greater income inequality. A zero Gini coefficient represents perfect income equality and
a score of 100% indicates absolute income inequality;
■The widening wealth gap can undermine the business opportunities presented by the
emerging middle class in that it can cause social and political discontent, threatening the
business environment and economic growth in Indonesia.
■In 2006, the richest 10% of households (decile 10 households) possessed 24.6% of total
annual disposable income. By 2011, their share had risen to 27.9%. During the same
period, the poorest 100% of households (decile 1) saw their share of total annual
disposable income diminishing from 2.5% to 2.1%;
increase
decline
decline

8. CITY LIFE

11. THE AGE OF EXTREMES?

12. Demography, November 33-Number 4, November 1996
Urbanization, rising income inequality, and increasing
class segregation have produced a geographic
concentration of affluence and poverty throughout the
world, creating a radical change in the geographic basis of
human society. As the density of poverty rises in the
environment of the world’s poor, so will their exposure to
crime, disease, violence, and family disruption. Meanwhile
the spatial concentration of affluence will enhance the
benefits and privileges of the rich. In the twenty-first
century the advantages and disadvantages of one’s class
position will be compounded and reinforced through
ecological mechanisms made possible by the geographic
concentration of affluence and poverty, creating a deeply
divided and increasingly violent social world.

13. EXTREME INEQUALITY

15. SOCIAL CONFLICT

16. Communal Conflicts in Ambon
http://themediaproject.org/article/give-peace-ambon?page=full
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2013/0508/Provoking-peace-in-Indonesia

18. Warga yang melarikan diri dari kerusuhan bergegas memanjat sebuah kapal di pelabuhan
Ambon pada 28 Februari 1999, setelah ledakan bom hari sebelumnya. Konflik di Ambon dari
tahun 1999-2002 menggusur sekitar 700.000 warga, menurut UNICEF. [Supri/Reuters]
http://khabarsoutheastasia.com/id/articles/apwi/articles/features/2012/07/25/feature-03

20. http://www.blogger-indonesia.com/2011/07/tawuran-antar-warga-manggarai-dan.html
Gang Conflicts in Manggarai and Menteng, Jakarta

21. http://www.museum.polri.go.id/lantai2_linyanyom_pngamann-tawuran.html
Student Brawls Becoming Increasing Violent

22. http://www.republika.co.id/berita/rol-to-campus/uin-sunan-gunung-djati/12/10/21/mc8sli-hanya-di-indonesia-ada-pelajaran-tawuran
Student Brawls Becoming Increasing Violent

23. THE RESPONSE

24. Development

25. THE FUNCTION OF GOTONG ROYONG
INSTINCTS
INTERESTS
Hostile
Love and
Affection
Incompatible
Compatible
Disharmonious
Relations
Harmonious
Relations
SOCIAL
RELATIONSHIPS
1
3
2
SOCIALORDER
GOTONG
ROYONG

26. THE IMPORTANCE OF GOTONG ROYONG
THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
(Building Healthy Social Relationships)
• First, gotong royong is an approach of development
through working together to foster the energetic
engagement with diversity. ..Mere diversity without
real encounter and relationship through gotong
royong will yield increasing tensions in our societies.
• Second, gotong royong will provide the active seeking
of understanding across lines of difference.
• Third, gotong royong will nurture healthy
dialogue…Dialogue means both speaking and
listening, and that process reveals both common
understandings and real differences.
—Extended from Diana L. Eck
http://pluralism.org/pluralism/what_is_pluralism

27. The Response…
1. ‘Development Through Gotong Royong’
(Participatory development)
– Participatory assessments and planning
– Capacity building of community-based organizations
– Revolving loan funds for microfinance
•

28. The Response…
2. Targeted project interventions
– Logical Framework (Logframe)
– Top Down Develepment
– Measurable outputs (deliverables)
– Project Cycle Management: complete activities and deliver
outputs according to pre-determined timeline and budget

29. Both are responses to critiques of development
Both intended to increase accountability, effectiveness
BUT…
Based on contradictory understandings of the nature of
social transformation
Development
Through Gotong
Royong
Targeted
Project
Interventions
World views make a difference

30. Sumber Gambar: http://stylepantry.com
Top-Down
Centralistic Approach
• Those who are ‘developed’ have the
ability (and obligation) to intervene
on behalf of those perceived to be
“less developed” (Cowen and
Shenton 1996).
• Professional scientists know best
(Bookrags 2001, Carr 2002).
• Development management should
be performed solely by outside
“experts” who are objective and
rational (Owens 2000).
• Local knowledge is disregarded
because it is considered to be
irrational, unsophisticated and
irrelevant (Vanclay and Lawrence
1995, Carr 2002).
• Local people mostly can take care of
their own problems, facilities, and
community (Weber 2003).
• Local people is considered the
appropriate experts on their local
environments (Chamber 1997).
• Local knowledge should be valued
and appreciated.
• Provides space and flexibility to
adjust to local context, adapt to
change, and learn from experience.
• Encourage local people to organize
themselves to work together on
locally based environmental
problems or issues (Agrawal and
Gibson 2001, Carr 2002).
• Personal transformation is at the
basis of social transformation.
Bottom-Up
Participatory Approach
Source: see Julia L. Smith 2008, Ray Jenning 2000

31. Approach 1:
1. Social Mapping
2. Recruit local individuals and groups (or
use existing groups) to be agents of
change

32. Approach 2:
Strengthen Inter-group Relations
1. Identify how power is currently distributed in
the community. Discuss and negotiate with all
relevant parties involved how power will be
shared and distributed in relation to decision-
making, resource allocation and defining project
objectives and outcomes.
2. Plan, design and deliver cross-cutting activities
to develop gotong royong (participatory
community development programs) involving all
relevant parties. Encourage other members of
their community to work on community-based
interventions.

33. Approach 3:
Participatory Evaluation for Improvement
1. Evaluation processes are needed to increase understanding of how
community engagement and the different approaches used.
2. Involve members of the community in the evaluation of the programs
to:
 Ensure all measurement indicators and methods of monitoring the
whole activity are used.
 Includes a range of indicators that help to evaluate not only what
works but in what context, as well as the costs and the experiences
of those involved
 Considers alternative frameworks required to achieve success
3. Plan to design improved programs for the future

34. HYBRID MODEL
8/25/2015 34
PRIVATE STATE
COOPERATIVE
MANAGEMENT
CORPORATE
SUPPORT
COMMUNITY
SUPPORT
GOVERNMENT
SUPPORT
HYBRID INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT

35. KONDISI
KELUARGA
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT
SMPN 3
Tegalwaru
Radio
Pendidikan
Kebun
Organik
Perahu
Ilmu
Rumah
Ilmu
Mobil Ilmu
Training
Guru
Amphy-
Theater
SD
di Kecamatan
Tegalwaru
KONDISI
KOMUNITAS
Peningkatan
Gizi
Peningkatan
Layanan
Kesehatan
Rehab
Sekolah2
Training
GTT/PTT
Training
Guru
Air Bersih
Saung
Ilmu
Perahu
Ilmu
Pertanian
Organik
Perbaikan
Jalan
Bangun
Lapang OR
Pemberdayaan
Ekonomi
Fasilitasi
Pengangkatan
Guru

36. 8/25/2015 36
INTEGRATED
PARTICIPATORY
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
Pendidikan
Perpustakaan
Desa
Radio
Pendidikan
Penguatan
Lembaga
Pendidika SD,
SMP,SMK dan
Pendiian Yayasan
Pendidikan Pena
Hijau
Perumahan
Guru &
Rumah Ilmu
Training
Guru
Intrastruktur
Umum
Bendungan
Air dan
Salluran Air
Bersih
Darmaga
Lapangan
Olah Raga
Pengaspalan
Jalan Desa
Pusat
Pelatihan
Kebun
Organik
Pelatihan
Produksi
Perahu Fiber
Pelatihan
Pengolahan
Ikan
Pelatihan
Pengolahan
Bambu
Kesehatan
Pengadaan &
Pemberdayaan
Bidan
Kebun Gizi
Masyarakat
Penyediaan
Mobil Ambulan
dan Ambulan
Air
Pusat
Pelayanan
Ibu dan
Anak
Ekowisata
Pemberdayaan
Budaya
Pemberdayaan
Ekonomi

37. SAVING ENVIRONMENT
IN MY HOME VILLAGE

38. LOKASI
PENGHIJAUAN:
DESA-DESA SEPANJANG
SUNGAI SAPI
MERDEN
JALATUNDA
PETIR
KARANGANYAR
KALITENGAH
KALIAJIR
PUCUNGBEDUG
LOKASI AWAL
PUSAT PENGHIJAUAN
DI TANAH BENGKOK DESA
DESA MERDEN

40. SEKILAS KONDISI
LAHAN KRITIS
BUKIT SUGENG SEPANJANG SUNGAI SAPI,
KECAMATAN PURWONEGORO, KABUPATEN
BANJARNEGARA

41. SUNGAI SAPI YANG MENDANGKAL

42. TANAH BENGKOK DESA PETIR 30 HA

43. LAHAN KRITIS DI BUKIT SUGENG
SEPANJANG DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI SAPI

44. LAHAN KRITIS DI BUKIT SUGENG
SEPANJANG DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI SAPI

45. PENAMBANGAN PASIR KUARSA

46. STRATEGI
1. Penentuan Lokasi Lahan Kritis Sebagai Target Awal
Penghijauan/Penghutanan
2. Identifikasi dan Pembentukan Kelompok Pemilik
& Pengelola Lahan
3. Test Laboratorium Kualitas Tanah
4. Perawatan Sumber-Sumber Mata Air
5. Penentuan Lokasi dan Pembuatan Embung Air
6. Pembuatan Lubang-Lubang Biopori

47. STRATEGI
7. Identifikasi dan Penanaman Bibit Pohon Yang Cocok
Dengan Tanah dan Kehendak Warga
8. Penentuan Wilayah Penghijauan sebagai: 1) Hutan
Lindung, 2) Hutan Produktif, 3) Kebun Palawija
9. Identifikasi Sumber Produksi Pupuk dan Penyiapan
Sentra Produksi Pupuk
10. Perluas Kelompok Sosial Pendukung Penghijauan
11. Membangun Gubug Pusat Infomasi, Koordinasi, dan
Penjagaan (Jaga Wana)
12. Pembentukan dan Pemantapan Kelompok Laskar
Penghijauan
Lanjutan …

48. PELATIHAN MENGGUNAKAN

49. PELATIHAN
MENGGUNAKAN
GEOGRAPHICAL
POSITIONING
SYSTEM (GPS)

50. SURVEY KE LOKASI
LAHAN KRITIS

51. PEMETAAN LAHAN KRITIS SECARA PARTISIPATIF
MENGGUNAAN GPS

52. HASIL PETA GPS RENCANA LAHAN PENGHIJAUAN DI TANAH
BENGKOK DESA MERDEN:
Awal Lokasi Penghijauan

53. HASIL GPS PETA TANAH BENGKOK DESA MERDEN:
Awal Lokasi Penghijauan

55. PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK
PETANI PENGGARAP
PENGHIJAUAN LAHAN KRITIS
DAN
SOSIALISASI

56. PEMBAGIAN LAHAN
PENGHIJAUAN/PENGHUTANAN
• HUTAN LINDUNG (HUTAN TUTUPAN)
• HUTAN PRODUKTIF
• KEBUN PALAWIJA

57. PERPUSTAKAAN DESA
SEBAGAI KANTOR KOORDINASI

58. PENENTUAN PEMBAGIANLAHAN
PENGHUTANAN

59. FOCUS GROUP
DISCUSSION
DENGAN
PIMPINAN
KELOMPOK
TANI

60. HASIL TEST TANAH BENGKOK DESA MERDEN

61. MENCARI SUMBER MATA AIR

62. BERGOTONG-ROYONG MEMBUAT EMBUNG AIR

63. PELIBATAN SISWA BERGOTONG-ROYONG DALAM PENGHIJAUAN

65. EMBUNG AIR

66. EMBUNG AIR

67. EMBUNG
AIR

68. EMBUNG AIR DI BUKIT-BUKIT

69. PEMBUATAN
LUBANG BIOPORI

70. PEMBUATAN
LUBANG BIOPORI

71. PEMBUATAN
LUBANG BIOPORI

72. PUSAT PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK

73. PUSAT PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK

74. PUSAT PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK

75. PUPUK ORGANIK

76. PENYEDIAAN BIBIT POHON
ATAS DASAR PERMINTAAN PETANI DAN SARAN AHLI
BIBIT
PENDUKUNG
BIBIT POHON
BUAH UTAMA
BIBIT
TANAMAN
KERAS
BIBIT
PALAWIJA
PISANG RAJA BULU MANGGIS JABON JAGUNG
AREN TOMOHON PALA JATI KACANG TANAH
AKAR WANGI DUREN MINDI CABE RAWIT
KALIANDRA PETE ALBASIAH KACANG PANJANG
RUMPUT GAJAH ALPOKAT JENITRI TOMAT
MERICA SAWO KECIK NYAMPLUNG
JAMBU GETAS MERAH
RAMBUTAN
MANGGA

77. BIBIT YANG TERSUPLAI

78. GOTONG-
ROYONG
MENANAM

80. SENTRA HIJAU
(POSKO KOORDINASI DAN JAGA WANA)

81. SELAMATAN
DI SENTRA HIJAU

82. SOSIALISASI MENGGALANG
DUKUNGAN LUAS DARI SELURUH
WARGA

83. KOORDINASI DENGAN SEKDA
BANJARNEGARA, SYAMSUDDIN

84. MENGGALANG PARTISIPASI KARANG TARUNA

85. SOSIALISASI DENGAN SELURUH WARGA DESA

89. BERDISKUSI MENDALAM
BERSAMA PEMIMPIN KELOMPOK
TANI KOORDINATOR LAPANGAN
PENGHIJAUAN

90. BERDISKUSI MENDALAM BERSAMA PEMIMPIN KELOMPOK
TANI KOORDINATOR LAPANGAN PENGHIJAUAN

91. HASIL PENGHIJAUAN SETELAH SATU
TAHUN

100. PEMBIBITAN DAN PEMUPUKAN

101. PEMBIBITAN AREN TOMOHON

103. PEMBIBITAN JABON

107. FERMENTASI PAKAN TERNAK

109. SAPI SEBAGAI PELENGKAP PRODUKSI PUPUK ORGANIK

114. PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM

122. Video Presentation:
Building Responsive Community in Banjarnegara

123. THANK YOU