Paul Nation is an internationally recognized scholar in the field of language teaching methodology. He is best known for creating the Four Strands framework, which identifies four key areas of language teaching focus: 1) meaning-focused input, 2) meaning-focused output, 3) meaning-focused learning, and 4) fluency development. The four strands establish guidelines for incorporating receptive skills, productive skills, explicit language learning, and practice/mastery of existing skills into language instruction to develop a student's proficiency. Nation created this framework to provide a comprehensive approach for applying the essential components of language learning.

1. Paul Nation
Sofía Barbosa
Professor Marco Fidel Suarez Davila .

2. Ian Stephen
Paul Nation

3. Paul Nation.
Is an internationally recognized
scholar in the field of linguistic and
teaching methodology.

4. His achievements.
● He has been able to create a language teaching
framework to identify key areas of language teaching
focus
● Nation is best known for this framework, which has
been labelled The Four Strands.
● Paul Nation created the four strands with the intention
of establishing a set of guidelines.

5. The dour
strands

6. 1- Meaning-focused input.
● It is focused on meaning and supports the development of
Receptive language skills.
● Use reading and listening comprehension to increase
receptive language skills
● Students should be encouraged to engage with the input
being presented to them in order to create a deeper
understanding of the language material

7. 2- Meaning-focused output.
● Supports the development of productive skills
through meaning.
● involve the development of writing and speaking
skills
● Allow you the opportunity to experiment with the
production of a word or phrase strengthens the
learners comprehension of vocabulary

8. 3- Meaning-focused learning.
Unlike the first two, focused on the meaning, this requires
language learners to pay close attention to the features of
the language they are learning.
● Students engage in the explicit learning of
"pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar, and
discourse"
● Activities that utilize language-focused learning include
dictionary searches, memorizing vocabulary, and
mimicking correct word pronunciation.

9. 4- Fluency development.
The fluency development strand focuses on the practice and
mastery of pre-existing language skills in order to develop fluency
in the learner's language reception and production skills.
● Activities that utilize the fluency development strand include
speed reading, repetitive writing and speaking exercises, and
watching familiar movies.
● This strand encompasses the three strands that come before

10. Written worcks.
Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary Methodology
Identifying Technical
Vocabulary
Teaching and Testing
Vocabulary
Vocabulary Size
Research at Victoria
University of Wellington
Applying the dour strands
to languaage learning.
Speaking Speaking Speaking Speaking
A Vocabulary-Size
Test of Controlled
Productive Ability
Language Testing
Vocabulary Size and
Use: Lexical Richness
in L2 Written
Production
Improving
Speaking Fluency
Speaking
Activities: Five
Features
Methodology General research General research General research
Applying the Four
Strands to
How Large Can a
Receptive
The four strands
for language
Introduction: Meara's
Contribution to

11. Thank you