The document summarizes Chile's experience regulating public-private partnerships (PPPs) for roads. It outlines Chile's institutional framework for PPPs, which involves several ministries and a specialized PPP unit. It then discusses Chile's regulatory strategy for roads, including the use of concession contracts, economic regulation, and revenue-sharing mechanisms. Key elements discussed are Chile's first major highway PPP, lessons learned around competition and risk allocation, and trends in road regulation like the integration of transport, financial, and regulatory models.

1. Chilean Experience in
Regulation of Roads PPP
Patricio Mansilla
Chemonics International
Lima - August 16, 2008

2. Agenda
1.Chilean Institutional Framework
2. Roads Regulatory Strategy in Chile
3. Key elements of the Chilean PPP Case
3.1 Lessons learned
3.1 Trends in the Road Regulation

3. 1. Chilean Institutional Framework

4. Chilean Institutional Structure
Comptroller
Health Ministry,
Justice Ministry,
Finance Ministry Civil Aviation Direction,
Railroad Company
Local Governments
Ministry of Public
Works
PPP Unit
Responsible for the complete PPP
project Cycle

5. Chilean Institutional Structure

6. Chilean Institutional Structure

7. Solicited and Unsolicited Proposals

8. Chilean Project Cycle

9. Total Concession Investment
US$8.000 million

10. Chilean Infrastructure Investment

11. Pension Funds (Sept. 2007)

12. 2. Roads Regulatory Strategy in
Chile

13. PPP Design
Regulatory
System
Economic Private Sector
Structure Participation
PPP Design
Institutional System Business Design
and Procedures

14. Private Sector Participation
Reform
Health System
Reform to the Reform to the
Education Pension System
Private Sector Participation
in the Chilean Economy
Foreign Investment Privatisation
Promotion

15. Legal System
Regulatory
System
Concession Law No900 Complementary Law
Ministry of Public Works Ammendments
Project Finance Law

16. Long Term Minimum
Income Guarantee
Revenues
CURRENT
REVENUES
GOV. PAYMENT
TO
CONCESSION
P Time

17. Revenue Sharing Mechanism
Revenues
Current
Revenues
IMG
50% Gov.
50% Conces
P Time (years)

18. 2.1. Panamerican Highway (Road 5)

19. Panamerican Higwhay 1995-1998
US$ 2,100 million
Road 5
1590 Kms. Los Andes
Túnel El Melón
La Serena
Valparaíso
Los Vilos San Antonio SANTIAGO
SANTIAGO
Talca
Chillán
Collipulli
Temuco
Río Bueno Concepción
Puerto Montt

20. Business Design
Business Design
N
(P  Q + S F + S V ) t - (O & M) t
NPV = - CAPEX + 
t =1 (1 + CAPM) t
Monopoly Financial
Regulation Regulation

21. Tariff System
• Natural Monopoly. No alternative roads
• Sequential and Competitive Bidding
• Transport Modeling to determine tariffs
• Second best tariffs to reduce deadweight loss
• Efficient and equity criteria to implement the tariff
system and affordable for the users.

22. Business Design
Geographic Tariffs relatively similar along the
Equity highway according to the service level
Horizontal Users pay according to his category
Equity
Vertical Local Users or Frequent Users can
Equity receive a special payment treatment
Generational Users pay for a service level during a
Equity specific period of time.

23. Panamerican Highway

24. Panamerican Highway
• Risk Sharing Mechanism
• Feasibility Studies prepared by the Chilean
government and available for the bidders
• Quality of Service: Guarantee by prizes and fines
• International Pre qualification and sequential bidding
• International Road Shows

25. Cross Subsidy (Million US$/year)
8,18
7,02
5,85
3,51
-2,34
-7,02
-8,18
-9,35
25

26. Tariff System (US$/100 kms)
La Serena – Los Vilos
Los Vilos - Santiago
Santiago - Talca
Talca - Chillán US$
Complete Self Funded
Chillán - Collipulli
Collipulli - Temuco
Temuco - Río Bueno
Río Bueno - Pto Montt
26

27. 2.2.Urban Roads

28. Santiago in the Nineties
Population: 5 million
Economic Development 10,3 Million of trips per day
135 cars / 1000 persons 65%: Public Transportation
Rate Growth: 6% annually 35% : Private Transportation
Lack of Public Investment
Transport System with huge operation problems

29. Santiago Infrastructure Plan
• Public Transportation Modernization
• Enlargement of the Metro System
• Enlargement of Suburban Trains
• PPP for the main urban roads
• Economic regulation for the private transportation
• Enhancement of the local transportation infrastructure
• Traffic control system improvement

30. R-57
Urban PPP Roads
Urban Road System
1. Autopista Costanera Norte
R-
2. Sistema Norte – Sur R-68
68
3. Américo Vespucio Sur
4. Américo Vespucio Norte
215 Km.
5. Sistema de Telepeaje
R-
R-78
78
R-5
R-5 Sur
Sur

31. Santiago Infrastructure Plan
1T
• Three tariffs:
Valley US$ 0,05/km
Peak US$ 0,06/km
Congestion US$0,12/km 2T
• Tariff adjustment RPI +
3,5% annually.
• Concessionaire can do 3T
tariff management.

32. East-West Urban System
• Sequential Bidding Mechanism:
• Variable 1: “Payment for goods and rights (BD)"
Payment by the sponsor of the concessionaire before to
create the concessionaire company.
• Variable 2: Investment Plan
• Variable 3: Payment from the Government

33. Urban Road Concession: East-West
Urban System
Results
•Investments: US$385 million
•Length: 42 kilometers
•Reduce gas emission
•Reduce contamination
•Reduce congestion
•Reduce travel time from Las
Condes to the Santiago Airport
•Implementation of the electronic toll road system “free flow” which let to the
users go through the road without stop to pay tolls.
•The number of accidents in the road is very low and it reach 8 in average per
month.

34. Urban Roads Bidding Results

35. 3. Key Elements of the Chilean
PPP Case

36. 3.1. Lessons Learned

37. Lessons Learned
• Lesson 1: Competition is an important first step for road
regulation and prequalification is an important strategy to
mitigate the adverse selection (concessionaire) problem.
• Lesson 2: Competition is not able to solve the incomplete
contract problems. Every risk must be carefully studied.
Technical studies to estimate the official investment cost of
the PPP project.
• Lesson 3: Low balling and Winner's Curse

38. Lessons Learned
• Lesson 4: Regulation strategy must be included in early
stages of the project cycle. Economic variables to define
the bidding winner.
• Lesson 5: Transport and financial Models, must be
considered in the Regulatory studies to have a consistent
PPP model.
• Lesson 6: Incomplete contracts must include in a easy
way the potential conflict resolution issues like easy buy
out or way out, negotiation mechanisms, new investments
treatment.

39. 3.2. Trends in Road Regulation

40. Trends in Road Regulation
• Trend 1: Vertical Integration of Regulation versus
Independent Regulator
• Trend 2: Application of Least Present Value of Revenues
• Trend 3: Unsolicited Proposals
• Trend 4: Intermodal Competition (Minimum Revenue
Guarantee)
• Trend 5: Total Integration of the Transport Model-
Financial Model and Regulatory Model (secuential or
simultaneous)

41. Thank you!!
Chemonics del Peru
51-1-2422011
patricio.mansilla@chemonicsdelperu.com
www.chemonics.com