This power point presentation is on the topic pathogens of tuberculosis.this is helpful for the medical students and school students.

1. SISTER NIVEDITA UNIVERSITY
NAME : MD SAQLAIN UMAR
STUDENT ID : 2311225005028
REGISTRATION ID : 230050281771
PROGRAM : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE {HONOURS] IN OPERATION THEATRE TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT : ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCE
1ST YEAR ‘ 2ND SEMESTER ‘
TOPIC : PATHOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

2. TOPIC :-
PATHOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS
BY:- MD SAQLAIN UMAR
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3. Topics:-
 Introduction
 Definition
 Origin
 Causative agents
 Characteristics
 Symptoms
 Prevention
 Diagnosis
 Risk factors
 Incubation period

4. Introduction
 Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent infection of human being
 Contributes considerably to illness and death around the world
 Tuberculosis is the world’s second most common cause of death
from infectious disease after HIV / AIDS

5. Definition
 Tuberculosis is a contagious infection that primarily affects
the lungs and others body parts such as kidney, spine or
brain.
 Tuberculosis usually spreads through the air when an
infected person cough , sneeze or talks.
 Tuberculosis remains in the region with poor healthcare
infrastructure , overcrowded area and due to limited
medical resources.

6. Origin
 The pathogen which is responsible for causing
tuberculosis is the mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 The exact origin of this bacterium is not
definitively known.
 It is believed that genus mycobacterium was
present in environment about 150 million years
ago in East Africa.

7. Classification of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is classified into two parts :-
Pulmonary TB:-
~primary disease
~secondary disease
Extra pulmonary TB:-
~lymph node TB
~pleural TB
~pericardial TB
~gastrointestinal TB
~miliary TB

8. Causative Agents
 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ~ Human
 Mycobacterium Bovis ~ Animals
 Others causative agents are
 ~ Mycobacterium Africanum
 ~Mycobacterium Microti

9. Mycobacterium tuberculosis:-
characteristics
 Gram positive bacteria
 Obligate aerobe
 Non - spore- forming
 Non- motile rod
 Mesophile

10. Symptoms :-
 Persistent cough
 Chest pain
 Coughing with bloody sputum
 Shortness of breath
 Urine discoloration
 Cloudy and reddish urine
 Fever with chills
 Fatigue
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by
Unknown
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11. prevention:-
 Mask
 BCG vaccine
 Regular medical follow up
 Isolation of patient
 Ventilation
 Natural sunlight
 UV germicidal irradiation
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Author is licensed under CC
BY-NC

12. Diagnosis :-
 Bacteriological test ~ auramine stain{fluorescence
microscopy}
 Sputum culture test ~{LIQUID MEDIUM : 8-14 days}
 Radiography ~{ chest X- rays}
 Nucleic acid amplification
 Tuberculin skin test~{injection of fluid into the skin of
the lower arm}
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under CC BY-SA

13. Mantoux Test/ Mendel-Mantoux test.
 The Mantoux test or PPD test is a tool for screening for tuberculosis and for tuberculosis diagnosis.
It is one of the major tuberculin skin tests used around the world ,largely replacing multiple –
puncture tests such as the tine test .
 The Mantoux skin test consists of an intradermal injection of one –tenth of a milliliter of PPD
tuberculin . The circular shape is known as a wheal response.
 The test is “positive” if there is a pump of a certain size where the fluid was injected. This means
the body probably have TB germs. Most people with a positive TB skin test have latent TB infection.
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14. Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
 TB infection is one of the most common infections in the world. It is estimated that nearly 2
billion people { about one fourth of the world’s population } are infected with M . tuberculosis.
 Every year , about 10 million people develop TB disease and 1.6 million people die from it. In
fact , TB disease is the leading cause of death due to infectious disease in the world.
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15. Risk factors:-
 Close contact with some one who have active TB.
 Immuno compromised status.
 Drug abuse and alcoholism.
 People lacking adequate health care.
 Immigrants from countries with higher incidence of TB.
 Occupation [ health care workers]

16. Incubation period
 Two to ten weeks after the initial infection.
 The risk of disease after infection is highest in first 2
years.
 The bacteria can be carried in the body for many years.
 Most infected people never develop active disease.
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17. By
MD SAQLAIN UMAR
mdsaqlainumar@gmail.com
7564948731