The document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It explains that the passive voice is used when the agent or doer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or has already been mentioned. It provides examples of transforming sentences from the active to the passive voice by changing the verb to "be" plus the past participle and making the object of the active sentence the subject of the passive sentence. Tenses, verbs with two objects, and prepositions are also discussed. Forming the passive voice correctly depends on these grammatical rules.

1. THE PASSIVE
VOICE

3. When the agent is unknown
Flats are sold
Anne was given a kiss
When the agent is not important
The house can be visited between 8 and 14.
When we want to give importance to the object of the active voice
America was discovered in 1942 by Columbus
The passive is used more in writing and formal speech, such as
public information (rules, signs, brochures …) and media reports.
Cycling is not permitted in this area.
Bookings can be made online.

4. HOW TO FORM
PASSIVE VOICE
My mum cleans the rooms every day
The rooms are cleaned every day
VERB CHANGES: TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(same tense of the active sentence)
Columbus discovered America in 1492
America was discovered by Columbus in 1492

5. We have elected a new President
A new President has been elected (by us)
They are playing the match on Saturday
The match is being played on Saturday (by them)
VERB CHANGES: TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(same tense of the active sentence)
 If the object is a pronoun, make sure to change it to a subject pronoun:
me  I him  he her  she them  they us  we
I bought him a present.
He was bought a present.

6. TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present Simple I make a cake A cake is made
Present Contin. I’m making a cake A cake is being made.
Past Simple I made a cake. A cake was made.
Past Continuous I was making a cake. A cake was being made.
Present Perfect I have made a cake A cake has been made.
Past Perfect I had made a cake. A cake had been made.
Future Simple I will make a cake. A cake will be made.
Future be going to I’m going to make a cake. A cake is going to be made.
Modal I must make a cake. A cake must be made.
Modal Perfect I should have made a
cake.
A cake should have been
made.

7.  Never use (do, does or did) with the
passive voice.
They didn’t sell all the tickets for the concert.
All the tickets weren’t sold.
We do not give lesson on public holidays.
Lessons are not given on public holidays.

8.  If there is a preposition with the verb,
do not forget it.
Sue looks after the children.

The children are looked after by Sue

9.  When you also want to mention the person or people that did the
action use by.
“The new art exhibition was opened by the Queen.”
OTHER IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER

10. VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS
bring, give, ask, pay, sell, offer, owe, show, tell, send, lend, leave,
promise, take, teach, throw, write
They gave Susan a prize.
Susan was given a prize.
A prize was given to Susan.
If the verb has two objects, we usually use the person as the subject
in the passive.
No one gave me any directions.
I wasn’t given any directions.

11. The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by J.R.R. Tolkien,
which was later fitted as a trilogy. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's earlier
fantasy book The Hobbit, and soon developed into a much larger story.
Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, with much of it being written during
World War II,[1] it was originally published in three volumes in 1954 and 1955. It has
since been reprinted numerous times and translated into at least 38 different
languages,[2] becoming one of the most popular works in twentieth-century literature.
The action in The Lord of the Rings is set in what the author conceived to be the
lands of the real Earth, inhabited by humanity but placed in a fictional past, before
our history but after the fall of his version of Atlantis, which he
called Númenor.[3] Tolkien gave this setting a modern English name, Middle-earth, a
rendering of the Old English Middangeard.[4]

12. Bridget Jones's Diary is a 2001 romantic comedy film directed
by Sharon Maguire and written by Richard Curtis, Andrew Davies,
and Helen Fielding. A co-production of the United Kingdom, United
States and France, it is based on Fielding's 1996 novel of the same
name, which is a reinterpretation of Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and
Prejudice. The adaptation stars Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones, a 32-
year-old English single woman, who writes a diary which focuses on the
things she wishes to happen in her life. However, her life changes when
two men vie for her affection, portrayed by Colin Firth and Hugh
Grant. Jim Broadbent and Gemma Jones appear in supporting roles.
Production began in August 2000 and ended in November 2000, and took
place largely on location in London and the home counties.
Bridget Jones's Diary premiered on 4 April 2001 in the United Kingdom
and was released to theatres on 13 April 2001 simultaneously in the
United Kingdom and in the United States. It opened to positive reviews
and massive box office receipts, grossing over $280 million worldwide.
Critics praised Maguire's direction, the screenplay, the film's lighthearted
tone, and Zellweger's titular performance which garnered her a
nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Over the years, it
has been hailed as a cult film as well as part of the English pop
culture with Bridget Jones being cited as a British culture icon.
The success of the film spawned a Bridget Jones franchise with two
equally successful sequels being released, Bridget Jones: The Edge of
Reason (2004), and Bridget Jones's Baby (2016).