Part 1 background information on fibers
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This document provides an overview of fiber evidence used in forensic examinations. It discusses both natural fibers like cotton, wool, silk and hair as well as man-made fibers such as nylon, polyester and acrylic. The document describes how fiber examinations identify fiber types and compare microscopic characteristics and properties to determine if fibers match or are associated. It provides background information on the different categories of natural fibers including animal, vegetable and mineral fibers as well as their chemical compositions and structures.
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WHAT IS FIBER
Fibres are thin, threadlike structures that combine to form tissues in plants and animals or can be synthetically produced. They are polymers with the strongest intermolecular forces, mainly hydrogen bonding, which gives them high melting points, low solubility, and crystalline structures. There are three main types of fibres: natural fibres from plants and animals, semisynthetic fibres, and synthetic fibres created through an extrusion process. Common synthetic fibres include nylon, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, and terylene.
Hair fibers
This document provides information about hair and fiber analysis in forensic science. It discusses the biology and structure of hair, including that hair is composed of keratin and grows from follicles. Hair color, shape, and texture are influenced by genes and other factors. Microscopic analysis of hair can determine characteristics like where on the body it came from. DNA can be extracted from hair roots. The structure of hair includes the cuticle, cortex, and sometimes a medulla. Fiber evidence analysis examines the type of fibers, how they were spun and constructed, and can match unique fibers between crime scenes and suspects. Natural fibers like cotton and wool and synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester are analyzed. Microscopic examination of hairs
Introduction to hair
This document discusses the anatomy and types of hair found in forensics. It describes three main types of hair: guard hairs, fur, and tactile hairs. The parts of hair are identified as the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. Different animal species have distinct scale patterns on the cuticle and medulla patterns that can be used for identification. Hair comparison examines attributes like color, scale pattern, pigment distribution, and medulla presence and structure.
Hairsfibers
The document summarizes information about analyzing hair and fiber evidence for forensic science investigations. It describes how hair can be identified as human or animal and then compared under microscopes. Key characteristics like cuticle, cortex, medulla and pigmentation are examined. Fiber evidence is also discussed, noting how fiber type, length and fabric construction are analyzed. Both hair and fiber evidence can provide clues but cannot on their own prove the identity of a person.
Forensics:hair, fiber, and paints
This document discusses hair, fibers, and paint evidence that is commonly analyzed in forensic science. It provides details on the morphology and structure of hair, including the root, medulla, cuticle, and cortex. Fibers can be natural or man-made, and various tools are used to compare fiber evidence microscopically. Paint analysis examines the layers, pigments, binders and other characteristics to match crime scene paint samples to vehicles.
Hair and Fibers
1. Hair shape, texture, and color are influenced by genetics and can be affected by nutrition and treatments. Hair is composed mainly of the protein keratin.
2. Hair grows from follicles, which are fully developed before birth. The body area a hair came from can be determined by its physical characteristics under microscopic examination. Nuclear or mitochondrial DNA from the hair root can be used for analysis.
3. Hairs have three main parts - the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. Differences in these structures can help distinguish between species or potentially identify an individual. Fiber evidence can also provide clues if fibers are transferred between victim and suspect during a crime.
The Structure of Hair
The document summarizes the structure of human hair. It describes the various layers that make up hair, including the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The cuticle is the outermost layer and protects the inner structure. Beneath this is the cortex, which occupies most of the hair and contains cortical cells and macrofibrils composed of intermediate filaments embedded in a protein matrix. In the center is an optional layer called the medulla. Melanin granules in the cortex and cuticle determine hair color.
Introduction to fibers
This document discusses fibers as trace evidence in forensic science. It covers Locard's Principle of exchange, and describes different types of fibers including natural plant, animal, and mineral fibers as well as man-made cellulose and petroleum plastic fibers. Specific fiber types are given like cotton, wool, silk, asbestos, rayon, nylon, and polyester. The document notes that fibers can be observed and identified through a microscope.
Recommended
WHAT IS FIBER
Fibres are thin, threadlike structures that combine to form tissues in plants and animals or can be synthetically produced. They are polymers with the strongest intermolecular forces, mainly hydrogen bonding, which gives them high melting points, low solubility, and crystalline structures. There are three main types of fibres: natural fibres from plants and animals, semisynthetic fibres, and synthetic fibres created through an extrusion process. Common synthetic fibres include nylon, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, and terylene.
Hair fibers
This document provides information about hair and fiber analysis in forensic science. It discusses the biology and structure of hair, including that hair is composed of keratin and grows from follicles. Hair color, shape, and texture are influenced by genes and other factors. Microscopic analysis of hair can determine characteristics like where on the body it came from. DNA can be extracted from hair roots. The structure of hair includes the cuticle, cortex, and sometimes a medulla. Fiber evidence analysis examines the type of fibers, how they were spun and constructed, and can match unique fibers between crime scenes and suspects. Natural fibers like cotton and wool and synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester are analyzed. Microscopic examination of hairs
Introduction to hair
This document discusses the anatomy and types of hair found in forensics. It describes three main types of hair: guard hairs, fur, and tactile hairs. The parts of hair are identified as the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. Different animal species have distinct scale patterns on the cuticle and medulla patterns that can be used for identification. Hair comparison examines attributes like color, scale pattern, pigment distribution, and medulla presence and structure.
Hairsfibers
The document summarizes information about analyzing hair and fiber evidence for forensic science investigations. It describes how hair can be identified as human or animal and then compared under microscopes. Key characteristics like cuticle, cortex, medulla and pigmentation are examined. Fiber evidence is also discussed, noting how fiber type, length and fabric construction are analyzed. Both hair and fiber evidence can provide clues but cannot on their own prove the identity of a person.
Forensics:hair, fiber, and paints
This document discusses hair, fibers, and paint evidence that is commonly analyzed in forensic science. It provides details on the morphology and structure of hair, including the root, medulla, cuticle, and cortex. Fibers can be natural or man-made, and various tools are used to compare fiber evidence microscopically. Paint analysis examines the layers, pigments, binders and other characteristics to match crime scene paint samples to vehicles.
Hair and Fibers
1. Hair shape, texture, and color are influenced by genetics and can be affected by nutrition and treatments. Hair is composed mainly of the protein keratin.
2. Hair grows from follicles, which are fully developed before birth. The body area a hair came from can be determined by its physical characteristics under microscopic examination. Nuclear or mitochondrial DNA from the hair root can be used for analysis.
3. Hairs have three main parts - the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. Differences in these structures can help distinguish between species or potentially identify an individual. Fiber evidence can also provide clues if fibers are transferred between victim and suspect during a crime.
The Structure of Hair
The document summarizes the structure of human hair. It describes the various layers that make up hair, including the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The cuticle is the outermost layer and protects the inner structure. Beneath this is the cortex, which occupies most of the hair and contains cortical cells and macrofibrils composed of intermediate filaments embedded in a protein matrix. In the center is an optional layer called the medulla. Melanin granules in the cortex and cuticle determine hair color.
Introduction to fibers
This document discusses fibers as trace evidence in forensic science. It covers Locard's Principle of exchange, and describes different types of fibers including natural plant, animal, and mineral fibers as well as man-made cellulose and petroleum plastic fibers. Specific fiber types are given like cotton, wool, silk, asbestos, rayon, nylon, and polyester. The document notes that fibers can be observed and identified through a microscope.
PLANT FIBER PPT.pptx
Leaf fibres are obtained from the leaves of monocotyledonous plants and are long, stiff, and coarse. Commercially useful leaf fibres include abaca, cantala, henequen, Mauritius hemp, phormium, and sisal. These fibres are used to make products like cordages, home textiles, utilities, and apparel. Leaf fibres are easy to extract from plants and offer properties like high stiffness, less energy consumption, and better insulation than synthetic fibres. Sisal fibre specifically is obtained by crushing the sisal plant leaves between rollers to extract the fibres.
Types of Fibres.pptx
This document provides information on different types of fibres, including their classification, characteristics, and analysis. It discusses natural fibres like silk, wool, cotton, flax, and hemp as well as man-made fibres such as polyamide, polyester, and regenerated fibres. Fibres are classified based on their origin as either natural or man-made, and further divided into categories like animal, vegetable, mineral, synthetic, and regenerated. The properties of different fibres depend on their chemical composition and molecular structure. Fibre analysis involves examining characteristics like morphology, refractive index, and molecular orientation using microscopy techniques.
Classification of fibers and their matching properties.pptx
This document provides an overview of fiber classification and properties relevant to forensic science analysis. It discusses the main types of natural, artificial, and synthetic fibers as well as their distinguishing microscopic, chemical, and physical characteristics. These properties, such as color, diameter, composition, and melting point, can be analyzed and compared between questioned and known fiber samples to potentially identify matches in criminal investigations.
7. natural fibers
This document discusses natural fibers that can be used for textiles and other industrial purposes. It begins by defining fibers and natural fibers. The main types discussed include plant-based cellulosic fibers like cotton, flax, jute, and hemp as well as animal-based protein fibers like silk and wool. For each fiber, it describes the biological source, preparation process, chemical constituents, and common uses. It also briefly covers other fibers including viscose rayon, asbestos, and glass wool.
Fiber and yarn
The document discusses the manufacturing process of textiles from fibers to yarns to fabrics. It covers natural fibers like silk, wool, cotton and linen as well as manufactured fibers such as rayon, nylon, acrylic and polyester. The characteristics, properties and uses of each fiber are described. Yarns can be spun or filament and characteristics like fineness, twist and texture affect properties. Fiber, yarn and fabric construction all contribute to a textile's appearance and performance.
Fabric
Fabric is a textile material produced by weaving or knitting textile fibers. The earliest instances of cotton, silk and linen fabrics date back to around 5,000 BC in India, Egypt and China. Textiles can be derived from animal sources like wool, silk and pashmina, plant sources like cotton, and mineral sources like glass fiber. Fabrics are classified based on fiber used and can be natural like cotton, synthetic like polyester, or for various uses like apparel, home furnishings, or upholstery.
81177264 textile-fibres
The document discusses different types of textile fibers, including their properties and production methods. It covers natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk and wool as well as man-made fibers including rayon, nylon, polyester. For natural fibers it discusses the plant or animal source and composition. For man-made fibers it explains the production processes of viscose, acetate, acrylic and other synthetic fibers. The document also covers specialty fibers like microfibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers and metallic fibers.
Chemical and Physical Structures of Natural Polymer Fibers
The document discusses the chemical and physical structures of several natural fibers, including cotton, flax, jute, wool, hemp, silk, kapok, ramie, and sisal. For each fiber, it provides a brief description of its source plant and notes that the chemical and physical structures will be discussed. However, the chemical and physical structure sections for each fiber are blank, indicating this assignment was not fully completed.
FIBERCRAFTPPT.pptx
This document provides information about different types of fibers and fiber crafts. It begins by classifying fibers into natural and man-made categories. Natural fibers are further divided into vegetable, animal, mineral and other types. Important natural fibers discussed include cotton, flax, jute, hemp and coir. Man-made fibers are categorized into regenerated and synthetic fibers. The document also describes several types of fiber crafts including macramé, rug hooking, spinning, weaving and lace making. Each craft is defined and its historical origins or production process is briefly explained.
FIBERCRAFTPPT.pptx
This document provides an overview of different types of fiber crafts. It begins by defining what a fiber is and classifying fibers into natural and man-made categories. Natural fibers are further divided into vegetable, animal, mineral and other types. Some notable natural fibers discussed include cotton, flax, jute, hemp and coir. The document then briefly describes several common fiber crafts including macramé, rug hooking, spinning, weaving and lace making. It concludes by thanking the reader for their time.
PINA FIBER
PINA FIBER IS KNOWN AS PINEAPPLE FIBER SO HERE IS THE DISCRIPTION OF PINEAPPLE FIBER FROM HARVESTING TILL YARN FORMATION
textile fibres [compatibility mode]
This document provides information on different types of textile fibers. It discusses natural fibers such as vegetable fibers like cotton, linen, jute; animal fibers like wool, silk; and mineral fibers like asbestos. It also discusses various man-made fibers including regenerated fibers like viscose rayon and acetate, and synthetic fibers like nylon, polyester, acrylic, rubber, and inorganic fibers like glass and graphite. The document covers the composition, properties and production methods of these various natural and man-made fibers.
Fibers and surgical dressings
This document discusses different types of fibers used in surgical dressings. It begins by defining fibers and describing their origins from animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic sources. Key fibers discussed include cotton, wool, rayon and their structures and production processes. The document emphasizes that the quality of surgical dressings depends on the fiber used and describes properties important for wound care like absorbency and strength.
Natural Types of Fabric
Discussing the Types of Natural fibers and some application like cotton , silk , wool and carbon fiber and the structure of cellulose and protein's fiber
classification of textile fibre
This document provides an overview of textile science, focusing on different types of fibers including their properties and production methods. It discusses natural fibers such as cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, manila, ramie, sisal, coir, pina, wool, alpaca wool, angora wool, cashmere, mohair, vicuna, and silk. It also covers man-made fibers including regenerated fibers like rayon and modal, synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon, and inorganic fibers like asbestos and glass. For each fiber, key details are given around its plant or animal source, harvesting or production process, and common uses.
Fibers and hairs
This document discusses fibers and hair analysis in forensic science. It provides details on different types of fibers like natural, synthetic and mineral fibers. It also discusses characteristics used in fiber analysis like size, cross section, color, crimp. Methods of fiber analysis like microscopy, diameter measurement, studying delusterants, refractive index measurement, color analysis using spectroscopy are presented. Chemical analysis methods of fibers like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography are also summarized. The document also provides details on structure, types, growth cycle and racial differences in human hair. Methods used in forensic hair analysis like microscopic investigation, neutron activation analysis and DNA analysis from hair follicles are described.
Types of Textile Fibre & Classification Description
Textile fiber is the basic and principle raw materials to produce various types of textile finished products. A fiber that can be spun into yarn or processed into textile such as a woven fabric, knit fabric, lace, felt, non-woven etc by means of an appropriate interlacing method is called as textile fiber.
lnsect silk: one name many materials
Silk is one of the earliest natural fibres discovered by man. The cocoon silk of domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is prized over millennia for textiles, and most of our understanding about silk production is from this species. However, silk is known to occur in many arthropod classes, and a few molluscs and fishes also.
Among the class Insecta, 16 out of 30 orders produce silk for a variety of purposes, which include reproduction, shelter, protection from predators, etc.
Insect silk possesses extraordinary mechanical properties in terms of strength, extensibility and stiffness. The obvious example of the use for silk is cloth, which also takes up the highest proportion of silk consumption. The versatility and sustainability of silk based materials attract its use in food packaging, medicine, automobile industry, dietary and cosmetic supplements, optics, art, craft, etc.
Though the term ‘silk’ encompasses a wide range of distinct materials, it is remarkable that certain features are common among silk production systems in insects. Today, insect silk has taken on new importance to society beyond fabric. Mechanically enhanced silk is expected to open up possibilities for numerous novel applications.
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This slide includes the detail study of Fibres (Biologicalsource, chemical constituents, method of preparation, uses) used in pharmacy
Cotton presentation
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes information about fiber crops, with a focus on cotton and jute. It discusses the classification, history, cultivation, harvesting, and processing of these crops. Cotton and jute have been important natural fibers for thousands of years. Cotton is grown as an annual crop and is harvested from seed hairs covering cotton seeds. Jute thrives in warm, humid conditions and is harvested before flowering, between 120-150 days after sowing. Both crops require processing after harvesting to extract the usable fibers.
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Similar to Part 1 background information on fibers
PLANT FIBER PPT.pptx
Leaf fibres are obtained from the leaves of monocotyledonous plants and are long, stiff, and coarse. Commercially useful leaf fibres include abaca, cantala, henequen, Mauritius hemp, phormium, and sisal. These fibres are used to make products like cordages, home textiles, utilities, and apparel. Leaf fibres are easy to extract from plants and offer properties like high stiffness, less energy consumption, and better insulation than synthetic fibres. Sisal fibre specifically is obtained by crushing the sisal plant leaves between rollers to extract the fibres.
Types of Fibres.pptx
This document provides information on different types of fibres, including their classification, characteristics, and analysis. It discusses natural fibres like silk, wool, cotton, flax, and hemp as well as man-made fibres such as polyamide, polyester, and regenerated fibres. Fibres are classified based on their origin as either natural or man-made, and further divided into categories like animal, vegetable, mineral, synthetic, and regenerated. The properties of different fibres depend on their chemical composition and molecular structure. Fibre analysis involves examining characteristics like morphology, refractive index, and molecular orientation using microscopy techniques.
Classification of fibers and their matching properties.pptx
This document provides an overview of fiber classification and properties relevant to forensic science analysis. It discusses the main types of natural, artificial, and synthetic fibers as well as their distinguishing microscopic, chemical, and physical characteristics. These properties, such as color, diameter, composition, and melting point, can be analyzed and compared between questioned and known fiber samples to potentially identify matches in criminal investigations.
7. natural fibers
This document discusses natural fibers that can be used for textiles and other industrial purposes. It begins by defining fibers and natural fibers. The main types discussed include plant-based cellulosic fibers like cotton, flax, jute, and hemp as well as animal-based protein fibers like silk and wool. For each fiber, it describes the biological source, preparation process, chemical constituents, and common uses. It also briefly covers other fibers including viscose rayon, asbestos, and glass wool.
Fiber and yarn
The document discusses the manufacturing process of textiles from fibers to yarns to fabrics. It covers natural fibers like silk, wool, cotton and linen as well as manufactured fibers such as rayon, nylon, acrylic and polyester. The characteristics, properties and uses of each fiber are described. Yarns can be spun or filament and characteristics like fineness, twist and texture affect properties. Fiber, yarn and fabric construction all contribute to a textile's appearance and performance.
Fabric
Fabric is a textile material produced by weaving or knitting textile fibers. The earliest instances of cotton, silk and linen fabrics date back to around 5,000 BC in India, Egypt and China. Textiles can be derived from animal sources like wool, silk and pashmina, plant sources like cotton, and mineral sources like glass fiber. Fabrics are classified based on fiber used and can be natural like cotton, synthetic like polyester, or for various uses like apparel, home furnishings, or upholstery.
81177264 textile-fibres
The document discusses different types of textile fibers, including their properties and production methods. It covers natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk and wool as well as man-made fibers including rayon, nylon, polyester. For natural fibers it discusses the plant or animal source and composition. For man-made fibers it explains the production processes of viscose, acetate, acrylic and other synthetic fibers. The document also covers specialty fibers like microfibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers and metallic fibers.
Chemical and Physical Structures of Natural Polymer Fibers
The document discusses the chemical and physical structures of several natural fibers, including cotton, flax, jute, wool, hemp, silk, kapok, ramie, and sisal. For each fiber, it provides a brief description of its source plant and notes that the chemical and physical structures will be discussed. However, the chemical and physical structure sections for each fiber are blank, indicating this assignment was not fully completed.
FIBERCRAFTPPT.pptx
This document provides information about different types of fibers and fiber crafts. It begins by classifying fibers into natural and man-made categories. Natural fibers are further divided into vegetable, animal, mineral and other types. Important natural fibers discussed include cotton, flax, jute, hemp and coir. Man-made fibers are categorized into regenerated and synthetic fibers. The document also describes several types of fiber crafts including macramé, rug hooking, spinning, weaving and lace making. Each craft is defined and its historical origins or production process is briefly explained.
FIBERCRAFTPPT.pptx
This document provides an overview of different types of fiber crafts. It begins by defining what a fiber is and classifying fibers into natural and man-made categories. Natural fibers are further divided into vegetable, animal, mineral and other types. Some notable natural fibers discussed include cotton, flax, jute, hemp and coir. The document then briefly describes several common fiber crafts including macramé, rug hooking, spinning, weaving and lace making. It concludes by thanking the reader for their time.
PINA FIBER
PINA FIBER IS KNOWN AS PINEAPPLE FIBER SO HERE IS THE DISCRIPTION OF PINEAPPLE FIBER FROM HARVESTING TILL YARN FORMATION
textile fibres [compatibility mode]
This document provides information on different types of textile fibers. It discusses natural fibers such as vegetable fibers like cotton, linen, jute; animal fibers like wool, silk; and mineral fibers like asbestos. It also discusses various man-made fibers including regenerated fibers like viscose rayon and acetate, and synthetic fibers like nylon, polyester, acrylic, rubber, and inorganic fibers like glass and graphite. The document covers the composition, properties and production methods of these various natural and man-made fibers.
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This document discusses different types of fibers used in surgical dressings. It begins by defining fibers and describing their origins from animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic sources. Key fibers discussed include cotton, wool, rayon and their structures and production processes. The document emphasizes that the quality of surgical dressings depends on the fiber used and describes properties important for wound care like absorbency and strength.
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Discussing the Types of Natural fibers and some application like cotton , silk , wool and carbon fiber and the structure of cellulose and protein's fiber
classification of textile fibre
This document provides an overview of textile science, focusing on different types of fibers including their properties and production methods. It discusses natural fibers such as cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, manila, ramie, sisal, coir, pina, wool, alpaca wool, angora wool, cashmere, mohair, vicuna, and silk. It also covers man-made fibers including regenerated fibers like rayon and modal, synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon, and inorganic fibers like asbestos and glass. For each fiber, key details are given around its plant or animal source, harvesting or production process, and common uses.
Fibers and hairs
This document discusses fibers and hair analysis in forensic science. It provides details on different types of fibers like natural, synthetic and mineral fibers. It also discusses characteristics used in fiber analysis like size, cross section, color, crimp. Methods of fiber analysis like microscopy, diameter measurement, studying delusterants, refractive index measurement, color analysis using spectroscopy are presented. Chemical analysis methods of fibers like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography are also summarized. The document also provides details on structure, types, growth cycle and racial differences in human hair. Methods used in forensic hair analysis like microscopic investigation, neutron activation analysis and DNA analysis from hair follicles are described.
Types of Textile Fibre & Classification Description
Textile fiber is the basic and principle raw materials to produce various types of textile finished products. A fiber that can be spun into yarn or processed into textile such as a woven fabric, knit fabric, lace, felt, non-woven etc by means of an appropriate interlacing method is called as textile fiber.
lnsect silk: one name many materials
Silk is one of the earliest natural fibres discovered by man. The cocoon silk of domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is prized over millennia for textiles, and most of our understanding about silk production is from this species. However, silk is known to occur in many arthropod classes, and a few molluscs and fishes also.
Among the class Insecta, 16 out of 30 orders produce silk for a variety of purposes, which include reproduction, shelter, protection from predators, etc.
Insect silk possesses extraordinary mechanical properties in terms of strength, extensibility and stiffness. The obvious example of the use for silk is cloth, which also takes up the highest proportion of silk consumption. The versatility and sustainability of silk based materials attract its use in food packaging, medicine, automobile industry, dietary and cosmetic supplements, optics, art, craft, etc.
Though the term ‘silk’ encompasses a wide range of distinct materials, it is remarkable that certain features are common among silk production systems in insects. Today, insect silk has taken on new importance to society beyond fabric. Mechanically enhanced silk is expected to open up possibilities for numerous novel applications.
Fibres (cotton, jute, hemp)
This slide includes the detail study of Fibres (Biologicalsource, chemical constituents, method of preparation, uses) used in pharmacy
Cotton presentation
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes information about fiber crops, with a focus on cotton and jute. It discusses the classification, history, cultivation, harvesting, and processing of these crops. Cotton and jute have been important natural fibers for thousands of years. Cotton is grown as an annual crop and is harvested from seed hairs covering cotton seeds. Jute thrives in warm, humid conditions and is harvested before flowering, between 120-150 days after sowing. Both crops require processing after harvesting to extract the usable fibers.
Similar to Part 1 background information on fibers (20)
Classification of fibers and their matching properties.pptx
Classification of fibers and their matching properties.pptx
Chemical and Physical Structures of Natural Polymer Fibers
Chemical and Physical Structures of Natural Polymer Fibers
Types of Textile Fibre & Classification Description
Types of Textile Fibre & Classification Description
Part 1 background information on fibers
- 1. Forensic Chemistry CHS 5542 Fibers, Hairs and Related Evidence Background Information and Terminology Module 5- Part 1 Tatiana Trejos, PhD. Professional Science Fonsic Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry International Forensic Research Institute Florida International University
- 2. Forensic Fiber Examinations Fiber examinations typically involves both identification of the fiber type and comparison of K/Q to determine if there is an association or not
- 3. Introduction to Textile Fibers What is a fiber? • Natural or man made material that is the basic element of textiles
- 5. Natural Fibers Animal •Silk • Fibroin •Wool • Keratin •Hair Fibers • Keratin Vegetable •Seed Fibers Cotton, kapok, coir •Bast (Stem) Fibers Flax, hemp •Leaf Fibers Manila, sisal Mineral •Asbestos
- 6. Animal (Protein) Fibers • Protein • Greek word “proteios” meaning “first” • Chain-like molecules • Union of α-amino acids joined with peptide linkage H • H2N-C-COOH R • Acidic and basic group attached to α-carbon atom
- 7. Silk • Composed of fibroin • Very different to keratin • Continuous filament • Transfer during contact is unlikely Image source: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/dic/dicgallery/images/wildsilkfiberssmall.jp
- 8. Wool • Keratin • Staple fiber • Scaled surface • Readily transferred
- 10. Hair Fibers (animal) • Goat Family • Mohair (Angora goat – Capra hircus aegagrus) • Cashmere (Asiatic goat – Capra hircus laniger) • Camel Family • Dromedary Camel – (Camelus bactrianus) • Alpaca – (Lama Pacos) • Vicuna – Undercoat hair (similar in all ways to cashmere) • Fur Bearing Animals • Angora Rabbit
- 11. Vegetable Fibers • Categorized by the section of the plant from which they are harvested • Seed • Bast (Stem) • Leaf • Chemical composition dependent on source
- 12. Vegetable Fiber Principal Constituents • Cellulose • Hemi-Cellulose • Lignin • Pectins
- 13. Seed Fibers • Cotton – genus Gossypium • Produces flower, which falls off leaving boll (pod) • Boll contains seeds with immature fibers attached • As the fibers mature, the boll expands and breaks open • Kapok – Ceiba petrandra • Unsuitable for yarns, formally used as filling • Coir • Outer husk of coconut • Mostly used in twine
- 14. Stem (Bast) Fibers • Flax (linen) – Linun usitatissimum • Over 6,000 years old • Ramie – Boehermeria nivea • Tablecloths • Hemp – Cannabis sativa • The term “hemp” is used to describe other fibers • Jute – Corchorus capsularis • Ropes and cordage
- 15. Leaf Fibers • Sisal – Agave sisalana • Ropes, cordage • Abaca (Manila Hemp) – Musa textilus • Better quality ropes and cordage
- 16. Mineral Fibers • Asbestos (Greek for incombustible) • Chrysotile - very fine fibers (25 nm diameter)
- 17. Man-Made Fibers • Refers to fibers that were manufactured • Synthetic fibers are those made from synthesized polymers • Bi-products of the petroleum industry • Regenerated fibers are those made from regenerating naturally occurring polymers and forming the fiber with that material • Cellulose
- 18. Common Man-Made fibers • Nylon • Polyester • Acrylic • Polypropylene • Cellulosic • Rayon • Acetate