In this study, we look at two strategies adopted by Parker Pen. The rst is a
highly successful strategy of product dierentiation through technological innova-
tion. The second is an unsuccessful execution of globalization strategy.
This Presentation gives the information about how cadbury use their distribution channel as well as about their sales strategy and salesforce structure, how they give training etc
Presentation on flipkart distribution channel, prepared by BAHARUL ISLAMBAHARULISLAM20
.Distribution channel of flipkart. How flipkart does their product or services distribution from their warehouse to the consumer. followed procedure are given in this ppt.
This Presentation gives the information about how cadbury use their distribution channel as well as about their sales strategy and salesforce structure, how they give training etc
Presentation on flipkart distribution channel, prepared by BAHARUL ISLAMBAHARULISLAM20
.Distribution channel of flipkart. How flipkart does their product or services distribution from their warehouse to the consumer. followed procedure are given in this ppt.
Detailed crisis description with step by step communication strategies by Cadbury, their responses, campaigns and the government's reaction to the crisis along with my evaluations and suggestions.
Cottle taylor : Expanding the oral care group in india case studyBonny V Pappachan
This is a case study of cottle taylor discussed in a management class. In this case study , all efforts are being made to solve the case study and all the questions are answered. Hope this would be useful to management students.
The company has a long history of acquisitions.
Coca-Cola acquired Minute Maid in 1960,the Indian cola brand
Coca-Cola was the leading soft drink brand in India until 1977 when it left rather than reveal its formula to the government and reduce its equity stake as required under the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) which governed the operations of foreign companies in India
Coca-Cola returned to India in 1993, cementing its presence with a deal that gave Coca-Cola ownership of the nation's top soft-drink brands and bottling network.
Coke acquired local popular Indian brands including Thumbs Up, Limca, Maaza, Citra and Gold Spot provided not only physical manufacturing, bottling, and distribution assets but also strong consumer preference
Case Study : Procter and Gamble (P&G) Marketing CapabilitiesSarthak Rahate
Case Analysis of the Business case provided by Harvard business school; on the well-known consumer goods brand named Procter and Gamble (P&G).This case study shows how P&G excelled in reaching out to customers by various methods and advanced techniques. Further, the presentation tells about the journey of marketing progress made by P&G.
Detailed crisis description with step by step communication strategies by Cadbury, their responses, campaigns and the government's reaction to the crisis along with my evaluations and suggestions.
Cottle taylor : Expanding the oral care group in india case studyBonny V Pappachan
This is a case study of cottle taylor discussed in a management class. In this case study , all efforts are being made to solve the case study and all the questions are answered. Hope this would be useful to management students.
The company has a long history of acquisitions.
Coca-Cola acquired Minute Maid in 1960,the Indian cola brand
Coca-Cola was the leading soft drink brand in India until 1977 when it left rather than reveal its formula to the government and reduce its equity stake as required under the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) which governed the operations of foreign companies in India
Coca-Cola returned to India in 1993, cementing its presence with a deal that gave Coca-Cola ownership of the nation's top soft-drink brands and bottling network.
Coke acquired local popular Indian brands including Thumbs Up, Limca, Maaza, Citra and Gold Spot provided not only physical manufacturing, bottling, and distribution assets but also strong consumer preference
Case Study : Procter and Gamble (P&G) Marketing CapabilitiesSarthak Rahate
Case Analysis of the Business case provided by Harvard business school; on the well-known consumer goods brand named Procter and Gamble (P&G).This case study shows how P&G excelled in reaching out to customers by various methods and advanced techniques. Further, the presentation tells about the journey of marketing progress made by P&G.
The cheap pen that changed writing foreverSteve Sorensen
Gimbels was the first to sell a new kind of ink pen, the design of which had taken
several decades to come to fruition. The pens, made by the Reynolds International Pen
Company, promised an end to the messy mishaps users of fountain pens encountered –
leaking ink, smudges and pooling ink blots.
Pencil and its impact on the environment. paper pencil vs the Wooden pencil a comparative
Pencils Recycled From Newspapers…Best Invention Ever?Here are the facts about wood and wood pencils:
79 million pencils could be made from a single press run of the Sunday Paper.
Recycling 1 2.5 foot stack of newspapers saves a 20 foot pine tree.
Many pencil manufacturers use wood taken from the rainforest.
Deforestation is a major cause of many negative environmental changes.
They are a cost effective alternative compared to other recycled pencil options.
They recycle newspapers, a hugely inefficient and wasteful practice.
Ecopencil is giving us a highly effective alternative to traditional wood pencils, right here and now.
Wood pencils are proven to be harmful for the environment just in how the wood to manufacture them is harvested. This is an outdated practice that there is no need for in this age. Displacing indigenous animals, soil erosion, urban sprawl, climate change…
…and the list goes on. Supporting integrity driven businesses such as these is the only way we can begin to repair the generations of damage we have caused on our environment.
Help make that change today by contacting Ecopencil. Ask us about our products. Ask them the facts. Involve yourself.
In this presentation, by ShowFlipper Inc. you will get information regarding the materials used for drawing as well as information regarding their history, origin, discovery, and invention.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
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Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
1. PARKER : Penning global strategy
Ankita Jain
Hrishikesh V
Nilotpal Sinha
Abhinav Sharma
Great Lakes Institute of Management
November 18, 2011
Caesar had perished from the world of men, had not his sword been rescued by a pen.
Abstract
In this study, we look at two strategies adopted by Parker Pen. The first is a
highly successful strategy of product differentiation through technological innova-
tion. The second is an unsuccessful execution of globalization strategy.
1 A brief history of Parker Pen
The Parker Pen Company was born in 1888 when George Stafford Parker tried to repair
some fountain pens that were leaking and in the process began to manufacture his own
pens. Six years later in 1894, Parker Pen won the patent of the ”Lucky Curve” feed,
which was claimed to draw excess ink back into the pen body when the pen was not in
use. This technology remained the differentiating factor for Parker pens until the arrival
of the Duofold in the 1930s. 1 2
The forty years period ranging from 1920s to the 1960s, in the pre ballpoint pen era,
was the golden period of Parker Pen’s reign when it consistently ranked either number
one or number two in worldwide writing instrument sales. In 1931 Parker Pen created
1
Key words and phrases. Parker Pen, fountain pen, ball-point pen.
2
This study was conducted for completion of the group project for Strategy Execution.
1
2. the Quink (quick drying ink) which eliminated the need for blotting and led to the de-
velopment of the most widely used pen in history Parker 51 which generated over $400
million in sales. A Parker pen stood for quality, prestige, tradition, steadfastness and
strength highlighted by the fact that Parker pens were the pen of choice to sign impor-
tant documents in history such as the World War II armistices.
Parker Pen expanded its business and by 1980s the company had extended up to
154 countries. The company adopted globalization strategy to establish market presence.
However the execution of this strategy was unsuccessful; the managers failed to create
proper marketing strategies that would have made them compete in international mar-
kets with inexpensive products from other parts of the world. In 1993 Parker Pen was
acquired by the Gillette Company, which already owned the PaperMate brand, one of the
best-selling disposable ballpoints. In 2000, Gillette sold the writing instruments division
to Newell Rubbermaid, whose own Stationery Division, Sanford, became the largest in
the world owning such brand names as Rotring, Sharpie, Reynolds as well as Parker,
PaperMate, Waterman and Liquid Paper.
In recent years, Parker Pen has abandoned both the entry level market as well as the
traditional retail outlets in North America and moved into up-scale luxury retailers.
2 Innovation as a differentiation strategy
Throughout its history, Parker Pen has used technological innovation as a strategy to
differentiate itself from the competition. The company has been a pioneer in research
on writing instruments and introduced several revolutionary products . In this section,
we look at some of the iconic products from Parker Pens which have driven both the
company as well as the pen market. (The current portfolio of Parker Pen’s products can
be found in Ref.[1])
2.1 Duofold - 1921
In 1921 the company introduced the Parker Duofold (Ref.[2]) fountain pen. It was a
state of the art pen for its time and Parker Pen positioned the Duofold in the premier
segment and priced it expensively $7.00, equivalent to about $85 in 2011. In 1926 the
Duofold became the first pen in the world to have a guaranteed life of ”forever”. It was
an instant success. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used one to write the exploits of Sherlock
Holmes. General Douglas MacArthur signed the document ending World War II in the
2
3. Pacific with his 20 year old Duofold (Ref.[3]).
By the early 1930s the Duofolds design had grown dated in the USA but it remained
popular in Europe until the 1960s. In 1988, Parker launched the Duofold Centennial
series of pens. The modern Duofold is a key part of Parker Pens product portfolio.
2.2 Quink - 1928
In 1928, after three years of research and an investment of $68,000, Parker Pen came up
with Quink (a portmanteau word from ’quick’ and ’ink’; also known as Double Quink and
Parker 51 Ink) that would eliminate the need for blotting. The success of Quink lay in
the fact that it had a number of useful features: it resisted water, it did not clog, it had
the desired quality of ink flow, it resisted moulding, it was non-corrosive, it did not leave
deposits, it did not fade, and, most importantly, it was quick-drying. However, the new
ink was strongly alkaline and contained isopropyl alcohol, a solvent not previously used
in inks, which often damaged the pen barrels of that time which were manufactured using
pyralin. This problem eventually led to the development of the world’s most successful
pen, the Parker 51 in 1941.
In 1941, when the Parker 51 was launched, Double Quink was renamed and repackaged
as ”Parker 51 ink” as a marketing initiative. Parker Pen’s ink sales became the key to
maintaining the company’s profitability. This revenue generation model is used by the
modern day computer printer companies, whose main source of revenue comes from the
sale of printer cartridges. Further enhancements were made to Parker Pen inks with its
revolutionary ”Super Chrome” ink. This ink was marketed in 1947 after a research period
that lasted 17 years and cost over $200,000. This was the first basic ink improvement in
the last three centuries. Today, more than seventy years later, Quink is still the world’s
biggest selling pen ink.
2.3 Vacumatic - 1933
The Parker Vacumatic (Ref.[4]) fountain pen was introduced in 1933, as a replacing the
Duofold as Parker’s top-of-the-line product. The Vacumatic featured a new filling mech-
anism which boasted a much higher ink capacity than the Duofold. The pen remained
Parkers top-of-the-line product until the launch of the Parker 51 in 1941. The US pro-
duction continued through 1948, and until 1953 in Canada.
3
4. 2.4 Parker 51 - 1941
In 1941 Parker Pen introduced the Parker 51 (Ref.[5]) which arguably is the best pen of
all time both in terms of popularity and sales. General Eisenhower signed the victory in
Europe in 1944. The futuristic design of the Parker 51 heralded as ”Ten Years Ahead” of
its time, a revolutionary pen, with its hooded, tubular nib and multi-finned collector, all
designed to work in conjunction with the pen’s proprietary ink, allowing the nib to stay
wet and lay down an even line with either the ultra-fast drying ink or more traditional
inks. It was advertised as the ’The Worlds Most Wanted Pen’ which created huge demand
which took Parker several years to fulfil. By 1970, the Parker 51 generated over $400
million in sales, higher than that generated by any single pen ever.
2.5 Jotter - 1954
In the 1940, the world had seen a fierce battle for market share fought between the tradi-
tional fountain pens and the new ballpoint pens. Despite some initial success, ballpoint
pens died a consumer death and by 1951, the fountain pen became the pen of choice of
the world. In 1954, Parker Pens introduced its first ballpoint pen, the Jotter which wrote
five times longer than the best ballpoint pens available in the market, the Eversharp and
the Reynolds ballpoint pens.
It was the introduction of Jotter that revived the ballpoint pen market. Parker sold
3.5 million Jotters at $2.95 to $8.75 in less than one year. In 1957, Parker Pen introduced
the T-ball Jotter with tungsten carbide textured ball bearing which to this date remains
an industry standard. The famed styling of the Parker Duofold was revived in 1972 as a
ball pen and within the next decade, ballpoint pens overtook fountain pen as the number
choice of pen in the world.
3 Rise of competition - 1980s
After about a century of dominating the fine writing instrument market, Parker Pen
entered into a period of crisis in the 1980s and the reason for this was that the company
was driven by the wrong strategy. Parker was facing competition from three fronts.
First, the Japanese were mass marketing cheaper and disposable pens and had captured
a large portion of the low end market in USA and Europe and were gradually eating into
Parker Pen’s market share. Second, like the Japanese, American brands such as Paper
Mate, Bic, Pilot, and Pentel had created significance presence in the low end segment
and gradually eroding and were pulling away parker Pen’s customer. Third, in the high
4
5. end segment which had been Parker Pens main target segment, competition had become
fiercer with reputed German brands such as Montblanc and A.T. Cross making progress
in the European markets.
4 Globalization strategy - 1982
Parker Pen faced two contrasting challenges. On one side the weakened dollar generated
high foreign revenue since about 80% of the company’s sales were abroad, the profits de-
rived from those sales represented even big profits when translated to local currency. But
on the other side, this over dependency on foreign sales exposed the company to foreign
competitors, especially the inexpensive brands from Japan which used low pricing as a
strategy to compete in the international market. Parker Pen realized that a competitive
strategy based on product differentiation through technological innovation was not suffi-
cient to thwart the challenge from competitors.
In 1982, James R. Peterson became the CEO of Parker Pen,having joined it from
Reynolds. He was given the responsibility of reinventing the brand. Peterson decided to
launch a global marketing campaign to target all market segments. A consequence of the
decision to adopt globalization was standardization. Everything including products as
well as marketing campaign was to be standardized for all the markets across the world.
5 Issues in executing globalization strategy
When Peterson took over Parker, he was met by a highly proud, mismanaged company
that prided itself on its extensive decentralization. The atmosphere reflected the founders
pride in the fact that they had a unique pen for every place in the world. They were a
federation of autonomous geographical units.
It became immediately clear to Peterson that huge changes were on the anvil. The
immediate problems were twofold. The first was the products positioning. Having posi-
tioned itself at the higher end of the market for a significant part of the previous century,
it had now began to face problems with regard to its image. It was clear that a complete
clarity of its brand positioning and image was essential.
The second issue that confronted Peterson was its complete inefficiency in managing
its product portfolio. When Peterson entered Parker, it didnt even have a proper idea
of the range of products that it was manufacturing. It was a situation of complete chaos
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6. with more than 500 products in simultaneous existence. Its decentralized structure had
completely turned against its profitability, resulting in every distant subsidiary and dis-
tributor involved developing a customized product for that particular market. While the
company was proud of its decentralized multinational structure, it was ailing on account
of an obvious lack of economies of scale and a unified command and strategy. The com-
pany clearly lacked a common driving force across markets.
However, this decentralization had its positive aspects as well, most notably in the
area of advertising. Pens meant and mean different things to different people. While the
Europeans tended to choose a pen based on its style and feel, people in less-developed
countries tended to see a pen as nothing more than a badge of literacy.
Within Europe itself for instance, tastes tended to vary from one country to another.
While the French showed a definite attachment to the fountain pen, the Scandinavians
favoured the ballpoint pen. The company justified the existence of numerous advertising
agencies in its employ feeling that while it bred a certain amount of inefficiency, it paid off
from a sales standpoint. Many individual advertising firms were able to develop excellent
customized messages for their audience that successfully struck a responsive chord within
them. For instance, the Lowe Howard-Spink agency in London was able to make the UK
division of Parker the most profitable division during its tenure. Its creative genius is
clearly visible in the advertisement that it created showing a dead plumber with a giant
Parker pen protruding from his heart.
The situation seemed bleak to Peterson. He immediately implemented a strategy by
which Parker would position itself in the entry-level segment. He felt that in the face
of the trends at that time, this would be the ideal positioning that would succeed in
turning around the company. He also dissociated Parker from the numerous advertising
firms that it was associated with, retaining only one, Ogilvy and Mather, to oversee a
worldwide common strategy in terms of communication and advertising. However, this
strategy failed miserably on two counts. It failed to provide a customized communication
strategy to each market and thus failed to account for the cultLural differences across
geographies. It also failed to leverage the premium positioning of the brand and reduced
it to an entry-level brand.
5.1 Two specific cases of execution failures
The following examples show two specific cases of execution failure by Parker Pen.
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7. (a) At a corporate level, Parker Pen targeted almost all market segments. However
at the business level, management failed to introduce products which would cover the
market segments with middle and lower income levels. This allowed competitors with
inexpensive products to take up the market.
(b) Some of the marketing campaign failed to adjust to the local environment. For
example, when Parker Pen first expanded their market to Latin America, they wanted
their advertisement to say, ”It won’t leak in your pocket and embarrass you.” The com-
pany did not realize that the Spanish word ”embarazar ” has two meanings; it means ”to
embarrass,” and it also means to ”impregnate.” So, to some unsuspecting people, the ad
read: ”It won’t leak in your pocket and make you pregnant.” (Ref.[6])
6 Acquisition of Parker by Gillette and beyond
In May 1993, Gillette announced its acquisition of Parker Pen Holdings Ltd (Ref.[7]).
(See Exhibit X). This made Gillette the world leader in the pen market. Gillette took an
after-tax charge of $164 million for a reorganization of its overseas operations, including
the integration of the Parker Pen facilities into the Gillette structure. Nearly 2000 jobs
were lost as a result of this restructuring process. Gillette sold the writing instruments di-
vision to Newell Rubbermaid, whose own stationery division, Sanford became the largest
in the world with brand names such as Rotring, Sharpie, Reynolds as well as Parker,
PaperMate, Waterman and Liquid Paper under its umbrella. The next few years were
one of a complete downsizing of Parker, marked by job losses across the board. In July
2009, the 180 workers at the Parker headquarters of Newhaven, UK were given notice
that the factory was going to be shut down on account of the production moving to France.
On August 18, 2009, Newell Rubbermaid announced that Janesville Wisconsin would
close the remaining operations of Parker. This resulted in the loss of 153 jobs. According
to the company, ”This decision is a response to structural issues accelerated by market
trends and is in no way a reflection on the highly valued work performed by our Janesville
employees over the years.”
Newell Rubbermaid stated an offer of transitional employment services and severance
benefits. What remained of the Parker brand was moved to the upscale segment of the
writing instrument market and was sold via luxury retailers. Traditional retail outlets
were abandoned. This completely removed the brand from the entry level segment of the
market.
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8. In 2011, Parker Pen announced the finest innovation in the history of writing, Parker
5TH Technology which offers a genuine fifth way of writing. Until then the world knew
only four forms of fine writing - fountain pen, ball point, roller ball and the mechanical
pencil. ground-breaking innovation has reaffirmed placed Parker as leaders in terms of
both innovation and market share.
7 Exhibits
7.1 Financial statement
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