An oral paper presentation on the topic "Cardiorespiratory fitness: A cross-sectional study by comparison of the athletic and non-athletic medical UG students using VO2 max" based on the post graduate dissertation done in 2019-2021

1. Cardiorespiratory fitness - A cross sectional
study by comparison of athletic and non athletic
medical UG students using VO2 max
INNOVATIO / VIRTUAL CME
JUBILEE MISSION MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
1
ORAL PAPER PRESENTATION

2. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)
• Overall functional capacity
• Integrated function of numerous systems
• Reflection of total body health
• VO2 Max –best indicator of CRF
The maximal oxygen consumption - during a
graded minimal exercise to voluntary
exhaustion
INNOVATIO / VIRTUAL CME 2

3. • Falling trend in Physical Activity
• Statistics
• WHO – 60-85 percent of the world population
are sedentary 1
• ICMR – only 10 percent of Indians reported to
lead an active life 2
• Physical Inactivity – modifiable risk factor for many
diseases especially cardiovascular diseases
• Students – lack of time/facility , economical impact
INNOVATIO / VIRTUAL CME 3
INTRODUCTION

4. • To find out the VO2 Max - using the Queens Step
Test and to compare
• To assess the pulmonary function and compare; to
find its correlation with VO2 Max.
• To measure and compare the Fat-free Mass Index ;
find its correlation with VO2 Max in both groups.
INNOVATIO / VIRTUAL CME 4
OBJECTIVES

5. MATERIALS
AND
METHODS 2.1 STUDY DESIGN Comparative Cross Sectional Study
2.2 SOURCE OF DATA
2.3.1 STUDY SUBJECTS The subjects were healthy young male and female
medical students, aged 18–25 years
2.3.2 SAMPLING METHOD AND SAMPLE SIZE
SAMPLING METHOD Simple Random Sampling
SAMPLING SIZE 96 Subjects (32 Athletes and 64 Non Athletes)
2.3
METHODOLOGY

6. • Cadence of 16.25 inches ht.
• Total duration of 3 min
• 24 steps/min for ♂ and 22 for ♀ ; set by metronome.
• The carotid pulse rate from the 5th to 20th second of
recovery period. Converted into beats/minute.
Males : VO2max = 55.23 – [0.09 × PR] 3
Females : VO2max = 54.12 – [0.13 ×PR ] 4
(Chatterjee S et al.)
Queen’s College Step Test (Mc Ardle et al.)
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, GMC KOZHIKODE 6

7. *All photos are representative of the actual procedure
Spirometry Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

8. RESULTS
&
DISCUSSION
1. VO2 Max
VO2 Max is significantly higher in athletes
(42.47+3.46 ml/min) as compared to non-
athletes (38.98+4 ml/min).
VO2 =(SV × HR) × (CaO2 − CvO2)
•↑ SV
•↓ CvO2
↑ capillary
density
↑
Mitochondrial
number in
muscles
Improved
ventricular
distensibility
Improved
Diastolic
Function
Effective
ventriculo
arterial
coupling
Adaptations
to Exercise

9. ↓ airway
resistance
↑ alveolar
expansion
Enhancement
of total lung
elasticity
Change in alveolar
surfactant
composition
2. Pulmonary Function Test
Pulmonary function
was found to be higher in
athletes.

10. Fat-Free Mass Index is significantly higher in athletes (16.53±1.78 kg/m2)
as compared to non-athletes (15.63±1.79 kg/m2)
3. Fat-free Mass Index
Improved fat utilization
Increase in bulk and strength of muscles

11. FEV1 shows significant positive
correlation with VO2 max
Better
functioning
respiratory
muscles
Improved
airway
perfusion
Favourable
change in
chest wall
mechanics
R = 0.755
R = 0.770

12. FFMI shows significant positive
correlation with VO2 max
Skeletal Muscle
Mass
Capacity for
consuming oxygen
DIRECT LINK
R = 0.743
R = 0.691

13. Strengths Limitations
Inclusion of both males and females Indirect estimation of VO2 Max
Usage of equation of VO2 Max suitable for
Indian population
Cross-sectional Study – temporal
relationship between VO2 Max and PFT
could not be established
Athletes – trained under supervision
Fat Free MI estimation by BIA Relatively smaller sample size
INNOVATIO / VIRTUAL CME 13

14. • Emphasise the beneficial effects of exercise on CRF
• Need for addition of structured exercise in the curriculum
• QCST- simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive tests that do
not require a skilled instructor
• In COVID-19 pandemic
• Role of exercise in reducing risk as well as in post
COVID recovery
• Exercise tests for risk stratification in community
• Need for newer strategies to promote PA in view of
COVID restrictions.5
CONCLUSION

15. 1. WHO. Physical inactivity a leading cause of disease and disability, warns WHO.
2002;39(6):518.
2. Anjana, R. et al ,Physical activity and inactivity patterns in India - results from the
ICMR-INDIAB study (Phase-1) [ICMR-INDIAB-5]. The international journal of behavioral
nutrition and physical activity, 11(1), 26.
3. Chatterjee S, Chatterjee P, Mukherjee PS, Bandyopadhyay A. Validity of Queen’s
College step test for use with young Indian men. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(3):289–91.
4. Chatterjee S, Chatterjee P, Bandyopadhyay A. Validity of Queen’s College Step Test for
estimation of maximum oxygen uptake in female students. Indian J Med Res.
2005;121(1):32–5.
5. Honey-Rosés J, Anguelovski I, Chireh VK, Daher C, Konijnendijk van den Bosch C, Litt
JS, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on public space: an early review of the emerging
questions – design, perceptions and inequities. 2020 Jul 31;1–17.
REFERENCES

16. THANK YOU !