Pathology pulses disease management

1. Diseases of Pulses and their
management

2. BLACK GRAM AND GREEN GRAM

3. 1. Dry root or Charcoal rot : Rhizoctonia bataticola
(Pycnidial stage :Macrophomina phaseolina)
Symptoms
Occurs in patches and plants wilt and dry suddenly.
Sudden yellowing and dropping of leaves.
Infected plants can be easily pulled out.
Bark shredding

5. Management
Seed treatment
Talc formulation of T. viride @ 4g orP. fluorescens
@ 10 g/kg seed (or) Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2
g/kg Neem cake @ 150 Kg/ha
Basal application
Zinc sulphate 25 kg / ha.
Soil application
P. fluorescens or T. viride– 2.5 Kg / ha + 50 Kg of
well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after
sowing.
Spot drench
Carbendazim @ 1 gm/ litre

6. 2. Powdery mildew - Erysiphe polygoni
Symptoms:
 White powdery growth on the upper surface of the
leaves.
 Powdery growth turns brown
 Leaves drop off prematurely

7. Causal Organism
• The fungus is ectophytic
• Conidia are hyaline thin walled, elliptical or barrel shapped or
cylindrical, single celled
Favourable Conditions
• Warm humid weather
Mode of Survival and Spread
• It is an obligate parasite and survives as cleistothecia in the infected
plant debris
• Primary infection is from ascospores
• Secondary spread through air borne conidia

8. Management
Spray
NSKE 5% or Neem oil 3% twice at 10 days
interval from initial disease appearance.
Carbendazim 250 g or Wettable sulphur 2500g/ha.
Eucalyptus leaf extract @ 10 % at initial
appearance of the disease and 15 days latter.

9. 3. Rust - Uromyces phaseoli typica
Symptoms
On lower surface of the leaves small, round reddish
brown powdery pustules are seen in abundance
which harbour the uredospores.
Severe infection causes premature defoliation.

10. Causal Organism
• It is an Autoecious rust.
• Uredospores are unicellular, globose or ellipsoid, yellowish brown with
echinulations
• The teliospores are globose or elliptical, unicellular, Chestnut brown in
colour with warty papillae at the top
Favourable Conditions
• Cloudy humid weather
•Temperature of 21-26oC and nights with heavy dew
Mode of Survival and Spread
It survives in the soil as teliospores and as uredospores in crop debris
•. Primary infection is by the sporidia developed from teliospores
• Secondary spread by wind borne uredospores

11. Rust - Uromyces phaseoli typica

12. Management
Two sprays of chlorothalanil 0.1% or one spray with
0.1% chlorothalanil followed by 3% Neem oil after the
appearance of rust disease, effectively controls the
disease.

13. 4. Yellow Mosaic : MYMV-Gemini virus
Symptoms
 Small irregular yellow patches in between veins
 Later, the yellowing covers the entire leaf
 Brown necrotic spots are also seen.
 The virus is transmitted by white fly Bemisia
tabaci

14. Management
Grow seven rows of sorghum as border crops.
Treat the seeds with Imidacloprid 70WS@ 5ml/kg
Give one foliar spray of insecticide (Dimethoate
@750ml/ha) on 30 days after sowing.

15. 5. Leaf crinkle – Urdbean Leaf crinkle virus
Symptoms
The affected plants very much stunted.
The leaves show crinkling, curling and puckering.
The leaves are dark green in colour with thick lamina
and veins.
The virus is transmitted by white fly (Bemisia tabaci),
sap and also through seed.

16. Management
Rogue out the infected plants up to 30 days
Spray or Methyl demeton @ 500 ml/ha and repeat
after 15 days, if necessary
For seed crop, the plants affected by leaf crinkle
should be periodically removed upto 45 days after
sowing since the leaf crinkle virus is seed borne

17. REDGRAM DISEASES

18. 1. Wilt - Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum

19. 2. Root rot - Rhizoctonia bataticola
(Pycnidial stage :Macrophomina phaseolina)

20. Causal Organism
•Microconidia are hyaline, small, elliptical or curved, single celled or two celled.
•Macroconidia are also hyaline, thin walled, linear, curved or fusoid, pointed at
both the ends with 3-4 septa.
•The fungus produces thick walled, spherical or oval, terminal or intercalary
chlamydospores, singly or in chains of 2-3.
Favourable Conditions
•Soil temperature of 17-25oC
•Continuous cultivation of redgram in the same field
Mode of Survival and Spread
•Survives in the infected stubbles in the field
•Primary spread is by soil borne chlamydospores and also by seed contaminant.
Chlamydospores remain viable in soil for 8-20 years

21. Management
 Seed treatment
Talc formulation of T. viride @ 4g or P. fluorescens / B.
subtilis @10 g/kg or Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g/kg
Basal soil application
Neem cake @ 150 Kg/ ha
Soil application
P. fluorescens / B. subtilis or T. viride – 2.5 Kg / ha +
50 kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after
sowing.
Spot drenching
Carbendazim – 1 g / litre

22. 2. Root rot - Rhizoctonia bataticola
(Pycnidial stage :Macrophomina phaseolina)

23. Management
Seed treatment
Talc formulation of T. viride @ 4g or P. fluorescens /B.
subtilis @ 10 g/kg seed (or) Carbendazim or Thiram @
2 g/kg
Soil application
P. fluorescens / B. subtilis or T. viride– 2.5 Kg / ha + 50 Kg
of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing.
Neem cake @ 150 Kg/ha
Spot drench
Carbendazim @ 1 gm/ litre

24. Symptoms
 It is an Oidiopsis type of powdery mildew in which the
mycelium is endophytic.
 The affected leaf shows powdery patches on the lower
surface corresponding with yellowing on the upper surface.
3. Powdery mildew : Leveillula taurica

26. Causal Organism
• The fungus produces black globose cleistothecia with simple
mycelloid appendages.
•Each ascus contains 3-5 ascospore which are hyaline and unicellular
Favourable Conditions
•Dry humid weather follwed by rain fall
Mode of Survival and Spread
It survives in the soil as cleistothecia
Ascospores infect the first lower most leaves near the soil level
Secondary spread is by air borne conidia

27. Management
Spray
NSKE @ 5% or Neem oil @ 3% twice at 10 days
interval from initial disease appearance.
Spray
Carbendazim @ 250 g or Wettable sulphur @
2500g/ha.

28. Sterility mosaic-Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus
Symptom
• Leaves - mosaic mottling
• Puckering
• Complete sterility , mild mosaic with
partial sterility and ring spots
Transmitted by the mite Aceria cajani

29. Sterility mosaic

31. 5. YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS DISEASE
White fly - Bemisia tabaci

32. Management
• Rogue out the infected plants in the early stages of
growth.
• Spray Fenazaquin @ 1 ml/lit on 45 and 60 DAS
as prophylactic spray

33. COWPEA

34. 1. Aphid borne mosaic - Aphid borne mosaic virus
Symptoms:
The virus causes severe mosaic mottling with dark green vein –
banding, leaf distortion, blistering, stunting and reduced leaf
lamina.
The virus is transmitted by aphid vectors, viz., Aphis
craccivora, A. gossypii, A. fabae and Myzus persicae

35. 2. Cowpea powdery mildew- Erysiphe polygoni